Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 

About: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is an academic journal published by Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & DPPH. It has an ISSN identifier of 0973-7200. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 2882 publications have been published receiving 8148 citations.

An Overview on Common Organic Solvents and Their Toxicity

Abstract: Organic solvents are known as carbon-based solvents and their general property is primarily based on their volatility, boiling point, the molecular weight and color. Having enormous hazards associated with the organic solvents, they are used for millions of purposes which alert us to think more on its toxicity points. Almost all of the solvents are hazardous to health, if swallowed or inhaled more than the limit quantity and on contact to the skin most of them cause irritation. Some of the common solvents are acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, heptane, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, toluene, dimethylsulfoxide etc. Researchers, scientists, workers in the chemical industry and research institutes use these solvents on regular basis leading them to be affected in major aspects. But also, the nearby persons are affected by the contamination to the soil, water, air etc. If constantly exposed with solvents, it will badly affect the function of CNS and other body parts. The level of impact, sign and symptoms will depend on concentration, time, duration, frequency and nature of solvents, leading to common effects like headache, dizziness, tiredness, blurred vision, behavioral changes, unconsciousness, and even(Zimmermann, Mayer et al. 1985) death. To overcome it, the green chemistry concept is growing rapidly, and the solvent selection guide is in practice in many big company and research institute. A researcher or chemical worker is the primary person who works with solvents and they need to consider throughout these things while performing their activities for their own good health and for the sake of the world. The purpose of this review is to provide needed basic knowledge about common organic solvents and their potential toxicities which will alert researchers to think twice and always think for their health as well as for the environment via safe and green practice.

Recent Investigations of Plant Based Natural Gums, Mucilages and Resins in Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract: All pharmaceutical dosage forms contain many additives besides the active ingredients to assist manufacturing and to obtain the desired effect of the pharmaceutical active ingredients. The advances in drug delivery have simultaneously urged the discovery of novel excipients which are safe and fulfill specific functions and directly or indirectly influence the rate and extent of release and /or absorption. The plant derived gums and mucilages comply with many requirements of pharmaceutical excipients as they are non-toxic, stable, easily available, associated with less regulatory issues as compared to their synthetic counterpart and inexpensive; also these can be easily modified to meet the specific need. Most of these plant derived gums and mucilages are hydrophilic and gel- forming in nature. Recent trend towards the use of plant based and natural products demands the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. Many plant derived natural materials are studied for use in novel drug delivery systems, out of which polysaccharides, resins and tannins are most extensively studied and used. This review discusses about the majority of these plant-derived polymeric compounds, their sources, extraction procedure, chemical constituents, uses and some recent investigations as excipients in novel drug delivery systems. ABSTRACT

Polymeric Micelles: General Considerations and their Applications

Abstract: One of the most widely studied subjects in nanoscience technology is related to the creation of supramolecular architectures with well-defined structures and functionalities. These supramolecular structures are generated as a result of self-assemblage of amphiphilic block polymers. Self-assembly of block polymers via hydrophobic and hydrophilic effects, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and metal complexation has shown tremendous potential for creating such supramolecular structures with a wide array of applications. Polymeric micelles have gathered considerable attention in the field of drug and gene delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, enhanced blood circulation time, and ability to solubilize a large number of drugs in their micellar core. In this article we have reviewed several aspects of polymeric micelles concerning their general properties, preparation and characterization techniques, and their applications in the areas of drug and gene delivery. Polymeric micelles can be used as 'smart drug carriers' for targeting certain areas of the body by making them stimuli-sensitive or by attachment of a specific ligand molecule onto their surface. MICELLES A sudden change in many physicochemical properties is seen in solutions of amphiphilic molecules or surfactant monomers that possess a polar head and a lipophilic tail. The change in physicochemical properties is associated with the orientation and association of amphiphilic molecules in solution resulting in the formation of structures called micelles. The micelles internally have a hydrophobic core and externally a hydrophilic surface. Micelles are generally made

Stability Aspects of Liposomes

Abstract: been used for stability testing, but most in the industry are now standardizing on the recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). These guidelines were developed as a cooperative effort between regulatory agencies and industry officials from Europe, Japan, and United States. Proper design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the studies are crucial for obtaining useful and accurate stability data. Stability studies are linked to the establishment and assurance of safety, quality and efficacy of the drug product from early phase development through the lifecycle of the drug product. Liposomes have been extensively investigated for drug delivery, drug targeting, controlled release and enhancing solubility. However the major limitation in the widespread use of this versatile drug delivery system is its instability. In present review the methods like control of the particle size, lipid composition, method of drug loading, prodrug, pro-liposomes, lyophilization and electrosteric stabilization are reviewed to enhance the physical, chemical and biological stabilities of the liposomes collectively because all are inter-related.

Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–radushkevich Isotherms Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Ampicilin unto Montmorillonite Nanoparticles

Abstract: Present study was accomplished to prospect the viability of using the montmorillonite (Mon) nanoparticles as an adsorbent to remove the Ampicillin under various experimental conditions. The Physico-chemical characteristics of the studied adsorbent were surveyed. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were applied to portray the data obtained from the adsorption studies. The findings showed that the highest R2 values were related to Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The greatest adsorption capacity (qe) for Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were recognized to be 134.48 mg/g and 141.22 mg/g, respectively; and the separation factor was calculated to be 0.113 which is indicative of a favorable sorption. Temkin Isotherm model clarified that the heat of sorption process was 34.61 J/mol; and the mean free energy calculated by Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model was anticipated to be 2.56 Kj/mol which these undoubtedly demonstrate the physisorption process for Ampicillin adsorption experiments.