Showing papers in "Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data in 2012"
TL;DR: In this article, the available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc have been critically examined with the intention of establishing both a density and a visosity standard.
Abstract: The available experimental data for the density and viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc have been critically examined with the intention of establishing both a density and a viscosity standard. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement, the technique employed and the presentation of the data, as specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, silicon, thallium, and zinc are characterized by percent deviations at the 95% confidence level of 0.6, 2.1, 0.4, 0.5, 2.2, 0.9, and 0.7, respectively. In the case of mercury, since density reference values already exist, no further work was carried out. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of liquid cadmium, cobalt, gallium, indium, mercury, silicon, thallium, and zinc are characterized by percent deviations at the 95% confidence level of 9.4, 14.0, 13.5, 2.1, 7.3, 15.7, 5.1, and 9.3, respectively.
207 citations
TL;DR: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) encouraged an extensive research effort to update the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the thermal conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, leading to the adoption of a Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of OWC.
Abstract: The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) encouraged an extensive research effort to update the IAPS Formulation 1985 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance, leading to the adoption of a Release on the IAPWS Formulation 2011 for the Thermal Conductivity of Ordinary Water Substance. This paper describes the development and evaluation of the 2011 formulation, which provides a correlating equation for the thermal conductivity of water for fluid states from the melting temperature up to 1173 K and 1000 MPa with uncertainties from less than 1% to 6%, depending on the state point.
184 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the surface tension of 81 common fluids were fitted by using the same model presently used in the this articlePROP program V9.0 by NIST, and a set of data was built for every fluid by including mainly those values given in the DIPPR and DETHERM databases.
Abstract: Available values of the surface tension of 81 common fluids were fitted by using the same model presently used in the REFPROP program V9.0 by NIST. A set of data was built for every fluid by including mainly those values given in the DIPPR and DETHERM databases. For some fluids, other available sources of data were added in order to obtain adequate sets. For every fluid, we checked the accuracy of the REFPROP program and we made a new fit in order to improve the performance of the correlation. We found good general agreement between the REFPROP predictions and the data for 44 fluids, and therefore only very slight improvements are made for them. For the other 37 fluids, the REFPROP correlation can be more clearly improved. In particular, our new correlation is significantly more accurate for ammonia, deuterium, ethanol, and neon, because the version of REFPROP used gives values in clear disagreement with other data sources.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared measurements of viscosity conducted with 18 instruments near 25°C and zero density for 11 gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and SF6.
Abstract: Commercially manufactured meters that measure the flow of a process gas are often calibrated with a known flow of a surrogate gas. This requires an accurate model of the flow meter and accurate values of the relevant thermophysical properties for both gases. In particular, calibrating a “laminar” flow meter near ambient temperature and pressure requires that the ratio (process gas viscosity)/(surrogate gas viscosity) be known to approximately 0.1%. With this motivation, we critically reviewed measurements of viscosity conducted with 18 instruments near 25 °C and zero density for 11 gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H2, N2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and SF6. For these gases and this single state, we determined viscosity ratios with relative standard uncertainties ranging from 2.7 × 10−4 to 3.6 × 10−4 at a 68% confidence level. Anchoring the ratios to the value (19.8253 ± 0.0002) × 10−6 Pa s for the viscosity of helium calculated ab initio at 25 °C and zero density yields recommended values for the other ten gases and esta...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical evaluation of the solubility data of the alkaline earth carbonates in water and in simple aqueous electrolyte solutions based on curve fits to empirical and/or thermodynamic models.
Abstract: The alkaline earth carbonates are an important class of minerals. This volume compiles and critically evaluates solubility data of the alkaline earth carbonates in water and in simple aqueous electrolyte solutions. Part 1, the present paper, outlines the procedure adopted in this volume in detail, and presents the beryllium and magnesium carbonates. For the minerals magnesite (MgCO 3), nesquehonite (MgCO 3.3H 2O), and lansfordite (MgCO 3.5H 2O), a critical evaluation is presented based on curve fits to empirical and=or thermodynamic models. Useful side products of the compilation and evaluation of the data outlined in the introduction are new relationships for the Henry constant of CO 2 with Sechenov parameters, and for various equilibria in the aqueous phase including the dissociation constants of CO 2(aq) and the stability constant of the ion pair MCO 3 0(M=alkaline earth metal). Thermodynamic data of the alkaline earth carbonates consistent with two thermodynamic model variants are proposed. The model variant that describes the Mg 2+-HCO 3 - ion interaction with Pitzer parameters was more consistent with the solubility data an d with other thermodynamic data than the model variant that described the interaction with a stability constant.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity surface of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been developed that incorporates generalized friction theory (GFT).
Abstract: A wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity surface of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been developed that incorporates generalized friction theory (GFT). The approach requires, as the core thermodynamic model, a reference-quality equation of state (EoS). Here the EoS of Guder and Wagner has been selected for that purpose. All available experimental data, to the extent of our knowledge, were considered in the development of the model. The correlation performs best in the low-pressure (less than 0.33 MPa) region from 300 K to 700 K where the estimated uncertainty (considered to be combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) is 0.3%. In the region from 300 K to 425 K for pressures less than 20 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is less than 1%. Where there were data available for validation at temperatures from 230 K to 575 K for pressures up to 50 MPa, the estimated uncertainty is 2%. The correlation extrapolates in a physically reasonable manner and may be used at pressures to 100 MPa and temp...
33 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of SF6, based on a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible.
Abstract: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of SF6. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. Although there are a sufficiently large number of data at intermediate temperatures, data at very low or very high temperatures as well as near the critical region are scarce. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 1000 K and pressures up to 150 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 150 MPa and temperatures less than 1000 K, to be less than 4%.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the energy levels and observed spectral lines of neutral and singly ionized titanium atoms have been compiled for each stage and an experimental value for the ionization energy was provided.
Abstract: The energy levels and observed spectral lines of neutral and singly ionized titanium atoms have been compiled. Tables of energy levels and spectral lines are generated for each stage. Experimental g-factors and leading percentages are included when available. An experimental value for the ionization energy for each stage is provided.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the equations of state for the xylene isomers were developed with the use of the Helmholtz energy as the fundamental property with independent variables of density and temperature.
Abstract: Equations of state for the xylene isomers (o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) and ethylbenzene have been developed with the use of the Helmholtz energy as the fundamental property with independent variables of density and temperature. The general uncertainties of the equations of state are 0.5% in vapor pressure above the normal boiling point, and increase as the temperature decreases due to a lack of experimental data. The uncertainties in density range from 0.1% in the liquid region to 1.0% elsewhere (the critical and vapor-phase regions). The uncertainties in properties related to energy (such as heat capacity and sound speed) are estimated to be 1.0%. In the critical region, the uncertainties are higher for all properties. The behavior of the equations of state is reasonable within the region of validity and at higher and lower temperatures and pressures. Detailed analyses between the equations and experimental data are reported.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, energy levels for strontium (Z=38) ions from singly ionized to hydrogen-like have been compiled with designations and uncertainties for the spectra, with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities.
Abstract: Energy levels, with designations and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of strontium (Z=38) ions from singly ionized to hydrogen-like. Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. For many ionization stages experimental data are available; however for those for which only theoretical calculations or fitted values exist, these are reported. There are a few ionization stages for which only a calculated ionization potential is available.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Krichevskii parameter is evaluated from various types of data: the initial slopes of the critical line of a binary system, the vapor-liquid distribution constants of solutes, the slopes of dew and bubble curves near the solvent's critical point, from near-critical variations of V2∞ and ΔhH∞ for solutes.
Abstract: In dilute near-critical solutions, the partial molar properties of solutes, the coordinates of the critical lines of binary mixtures, and the temperature variations of the vapor–liquid distribution and Henry's constants, are controlled by the critical value of the derivative (∂P/∂x)V,Tc, which is called the Kricheskii parameter, AKr. The Krichevskii parameter can be evaluated from various types of data: the initial slopes of the critical line of a binary system, the vapor–liquid distribution constants of solutes, the slopes of the dew and bubble curves near the solvent's critical point, from near-critical variations of V2∞ and ΔhH∞ for solutes. These methods are systematically applied to mixtures of water with 59 inorganic and organic solutes, ranging from inert gases to polyfunctional compounds. For 23 solutes, the evaluation of AKr is possible from more than one type of data, allowing to establish recommended values of the Krichevskii parameter.
TL;DR: The IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series as discussed by the authors compiles and critically evaluates solubility data of the alkaline earth carbonates in water and in simple aqueous electrolyte solutions.
Abstract: The alkaline earth carbonates are an important class of minerals This article is part of a volume in the IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series that compiles and critically evaluates solubility data of the alkaline earth carbonates in water and in simple aqueous electrolyte solutions Part 1 outlined the procedure adopted in this volume, and presented the beryllium and magnesium carbonates Part 2, the current paper, compiles and critically evaluates the solubility data of calcium carbonate The chemical forms included are the anhydrous CaCO3 types calcite, aragonite, and vaterite, the monohydrate monohydrocalcite (CaCO3· H2O), the hexahydrate ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), and an amorphous form The data were analyzed with two model variants, and thermodynamic data of each form consistent with each of the models and with the CODATA key values for thermodynamics are presented
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data for dilute-gas thermal conductivity of benzene, and the overall uncertainty of the proposed correlation was estimated, for pressures less than 350 MPa and temperatures less than 725 K, to be less than 4.4%.
Abstract: This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of benzene. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 725 K and pressures up to 500 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of two) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 350 MPa and temperatures less than 725 K, to be less than 4.4%.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present solubility data for rare earth metal iodides in water and in aqueous ternary systems and provide a critical evaluation for each rare earth ionide with a corresponding critical evaluation.
Abstract: This work presents solubility data for rare earth metal iodides in water and in aqueous ternary systems. Compilations of all available experimental data are introduced for each rare earth metal iodide with a corresponding critical evaluation. Every such evaluation contains a tabulated collection of all solubility results in water, a selection of suggested solubility data and a brief discussion of the multicomponent systems. Because the ternary systems were almost never studied more than once, no critical evaluations of such data were possible. Only simple iodides (no complexes) are treated as the input substances in this work. The literature has been covered through the middle of 2011.
TL;DR: In this article, a new method, the extended Laidler bond additivity (ELBA), was applied to the prediction of standard molar enthalpies of vaporization of hydrocarbons.
Abstract: A review on prediction methods for molar enthalpies of vaporization at T = 298.15 K of hydrocarbons is presented. A new method is proposed and compared with six of the most common used ones from the literature. This new method, the extended Laidler bond additivity (ELBA), was applied to the prediction of standard molar enthalpies of vaporization of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, polyenes, poly-ynes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, benzene compounds, biphenyl compounds, and polyphenyl compounds) at T = 298.15 K. A total of 260 experimental standard molar enthalpies of vaporization at T = 298.15 K were used for the parameters optimization. Comparison between the experimental values and those calculated using ELBA led to an average absolute difference of 0.35 kJ mol−1, corresponding to an average relative error of 0.92%. In addition, this new method proves to be better than the ones used for comparison with an independent set of 83 experimental standard molar enthalpies of vaporization at T = 298.15 K.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the solubility data for potassium sulfate in water and the best values were selected on the basis of critical evaluations and presented in tabular form, where quantities, units, and symbols used are in accord with IUPAC recommendations.
Abstract: The solubility data for potassium sulfate in water are reviewed. All data were critically examined for their reliability. The best values were selected on the basis of critical evaluations and presented in tabular form. Fitting equations and plots are also provided. The quantities, units, and symbols used are in accord with IUPAC recommendations. The original data have been reported and, if necessary, transferred into the units and symbols recommended by IUPAC. The literature on solubility data was researched through 2010.
TL;DR: The mutual solubilities and related liquid-liquid equilibria of 24 binary systems of C4-C6 aliphatic amines with water are exhaustively and critically reviewed in this article.
Abstract: The mutual solubilities and related liquid-liquid equilibria of 24 binary systems of C4–C6 aliphatic amines with water are exhaustively and critically reviewed. Reports of experimental determination of solubility that appeared in the primary literature prior to the end of 2010 are compiled. For ten systems, sufficient data are available to allow critical evaluation. All data are expressed as mass percent and mole fraction as well as the originally reported units.
TL;DR: In this paper, the available experimental data for the density and viscosity of eutectic liquid alloys Al+Si, Pb+Bi, and pb+Sn have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a reference standard representation of both density and viscousity.
Abstract: In this paper, the available experimental data for the density and viscosity of eutectic liquid alloys Al+Si, Pb+Bi, and Pb+Sn have been critically examined with the intention of establishing a reference standard representation of both density and viscosity. All experimental data have been categorized as primary or secondary according to the quality of measurement, the technique employed, and the presentation of the data, as specified by a series of carefully defined criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the density of liquid Al+Si, Pb+Bi, and Pb+Sn are, respectively, characterized by deviations of 2.0%, 2.9%, and 0.5% at the 95% confidence level. The standard reference correlations for the viscosity of liquid Al+Si, Pb+Bi, and Pb+Sn are, respectively, characterized by deviations of 7.7%, 14.2%, and 12.4% at the 95% confidence level.