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Showing papers in "Journal of Postgraduate Medicine in 1978"


Journal Article
TL;DR: The article reviews various psychopharmacological factors which determine the ultimate success of therapy, even when the drug administered does not have any specific efficacy in conditions under treatment.
Abstract: This article is in continuation with the previous publication. The article reviews various psychopharmacological factors which determine the ultimate success of therapy, even when the drug administered does not have any specific efficacy in conditions under treatment. The importance of usually ignored variables of the psychophysiological state of an individual undergoing therapy, and its relevance to placebo genesis is discussed.

18 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A case of renal cell carcinoma with secondaries in the opposite suprarenal is described and the relevant literature reviewed.
Abstract: A case of renal cell carcinoma with secondaries in the opposite suprarenal is described and the relevant literature reviewed.

12 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the various psychological factors which played an important role in the genesis of the placebogenesis phenomenon and discussed the classification of placebos along with ethical issues involved in administration of drugs for therapeutic and research purposes.
Abstract: Placebogenesis is an established phenomenon in the therapeutic management of virtually every known illness. This article reviews the various psychological factors which play an important role in the genesis of this important phenomenon. Classification of place­bos along with ethical issues involved in administration of placebos for therapeutic and research purposes are discussed in the article.

11 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The clinical presenta­tion, detailed history and subsequent treatment of an unusual case of metal hammer-head causing strangulation of penis and retention of urine is discussed.
Abstract: An unusual case of metal hammer-head causing strangulation of penis and retention of urine is reported. The clinical presenta­tion, detailed history and subsequent treatment is discussed. It also includes a review of the literature regarding such cases of strangulation of penis.

11 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is proposed that mere surgical resection without anti­allergic therapy would suffice for the complete cure of nasal polyps which are not allergic in nature.
Abstract: Surgically removed nasal polyps have been studied histologi­cally and histochemically. Out of the 70 specimens studied, 55 polyps (77.2%) were of edematous type with allergy and infection as the etiological factors while 15 (22.8%) constituted rest of the types which are not likely to be allergic in nature. The stand­ard line of treatment of nasal polyps is combined anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, but for the polyps which are not allergic in nature, we propose that mere surgical resection without anti­allergic therapy would suffice for the complete cure.

10 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The common indications for hysterectomy were prolapse and dysfunctional uterine bleeding and in four cases abdominal approach was necessary to complete the operation.
Abstract: Eleven hundred and five cases of vaginal hysterectomy are analysed and their complications discussed. More than 90% of the patients were between the ages of 31 to 60 years. The common indications for hysterectomy were prolapse (51%) and dysfunctional uterine bleeding (34.9%). In four cases abdominal approach was necessary to complete the operation. The overall incidence of major complications was 4% and the corrected mortality rate was 0.18%. The complications of vaginal hysterec­tomy by other authors are discussed.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The results indicate that dose and rate of administration and extent of binding to plasma proteins alter furosemide pharmacokinetics and the chances of toxicity are greater in hypoproteinemic patients.
Abstract: Our earlier studies have demonstrated a possible pharmaco­kinetic explanation for the rate dependent ototoxicity of furose­mide. The present study was carried out to find out possible role of plasma protein levels and drug protein binding in furosemide pharmnacokinetics and toxicity. Twenty patients with different pro­tein patterns were given furosemide intravenously at different rates and doses. Plasma furosemide levels were fluorimetrically estimated in serial blood samples. The results indicate that dose and rate of administration and extent of binding to plasma proteins alter furosemide pharmacokinetics and the chances of toxicity are greater in hypoproteinemic patients.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Addition of garlic in its both raw and boiled forms to fatty breakfast was found to prevent the rise in cholesterol end fibrinogen in blood and to produce an enhancement of BFA.
Abstract: An increase in plasma cholesterol and fibrinogen and a decrease in blood fibrinolytic activity (BFA) was observed during alimen­tary lipaentia produced by an ingestion of a fatty breakfast by healthy volunteers. Addition of garlic in its both raw and boiled forms to fatty breakfast was found to prevent the rise in cholesterol end fibrinogen in blood and to produce an enhancement of BFA. Fibrinolytic enhancing effect of garlic seems to be mediated through an increase in blood activator of fibrinolysis. A decrease in blood cholesterol may also contribute to this action indirectly as increased concentration of this lipid was found to decrease the BFA.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Surgical manifestations of filariasis as seen in 150 cases over a period of three years in the department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha are reviewed.
Abstract: Surgical manifestations of filariasis as seen in 150 cases over a period of three years in the department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha are reviewed. The genital manifestations are more common than the elephantiasis in this endemic zone.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Autopsy incidence of infective endocarditis during the past 50 years was analysed to review the changes in the clinico-pathologic pattern if any 185 cases were recorded in a total of 39931 autopsies giving an average incidence of 046% as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Autopsy incidence of infective endocarditis during the past 50 years was analysed to review the changes in the clinico-pathologic pattern if any 185 cases were recorded in a total of 39931 autopsies giving an average incidence of 046% The cases were classified into groups I, II & III depending upon whether the endocarditis super­vened on normal hearts, diseased hearts or followed surgery, re­spectively The fifty year period could be divided into three phases on incidence First phase (1927-41) represented pre-antibiotic era in which group I cases predominated and causative organisms in 801 o f cases were virulent cocci such as staphylococci, haemolytic streptococci and pneumococci In the second phase (1948-66) the general incidence was reduced by 50% Group II cases predominat­ed and the most common etiologic agent was streptococcus viridans (40%) In the third phase (1967-76) the general incidence has reached again to preantibiotic level with coagulase positive staphy­lococci, Gram negative bacilli and fungi accounting for 90% of cases Group III contributed significantly in this phase The changes in incidence are primarily due to fall and rise in Group I cases Incidence of rheumatic heart disease with endocar­ditis which mainly forms Group II is declining steadily in post­antibiotic era There is no shift in the peak age incidence which remains in the 3rd decade Males with rheumatic heart disease are more prone to infective endocarditis than similarly affected females There was no change in frequency of involvement of various valves or sites of embolization

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Clonidine does not appear to significantly alter the diabetic control by oral hypo­glycemic drugs, and all patients show­ed a good control of blood pressure.
Abstract: Clonidine was administered as an antihypertensive agent to 20 diabetic patients stabilized on oral hypoglycemic agents The study lasted for three months Sixteen patients completed the study No patient complained of hypoglycemic symptoms All patients show­ed a good control of blood pressure Only two patients showed a rise in post lunch blood sugar level on one occasion each during treatment There was no significant change in the blood sugar levels in the remaining patients In conclusion, clonidine does not appear to significantly alter the diabetic control by oral hypo­glycemic drugs


Journal Article
TL;DR: Ten cases of mycetoma of the lower extremity were seen and treated at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India, during the years 1973 to 1975 and four out of six had recurrence and has been put on second line of therapy.
Abstract: Ten cases of mycetoma of the lower extremity were seen and treated at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India, during the years 1973 to 1975. Six were treated by conservative method e.g. antibiotics, sulfonamides and immobilization of the part while remaining four were submitted t o surgery. Four out o f six from the first group had recurrence and has been put on second line of therapy. Recurrence occurred in only one case from the second group and he required an above knee amputation while the remaining three are free of disease and are well rehabilitated.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A cystic swelling over the right frontal bone above the medial half of the eyebrow in a 37 year old male was found to be caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi.
Abstract: A cystic swelling over the right frontal bone above the medial half of the eyebrow in a 37 year old male was found to be caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The patient did not have any past or concurrent lesion which could be presumed to be due to Rhino­sporidiosis. The lesion was subcutaneous with overlying healthy skin and had caused erosion of underlying bone.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A case of rupture of retroperitoneal portion of duodenum following blunt trauma is reported and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Abstract: A case of rupture of retroperitoneal portion of duodenum following blunt trauma is reported and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Nuclear, cytoplasmic, gametic and zygotic considerations compellingly suggest that Yin­Yang does prevail, making us and' the authors' cells basically field-effects, thus erasing further the distinction between male and female, animate and inanimate, biomass and bioenergy.
Abstract: A cell-plant or animal-is proving a bioelectric wonder al­ready boasting of pyro-, piezo-, ferroelectricity, solid state and electretism as eminent exhibits and probable functional mechan­isms. A cell, its parts, and its products owe the bioelectric boon to inherent and universal polarity pregnant with dipolar electro­magnetic moment. The cytologic bipolarity prompts a hypothesis that the cell and its world may be no exception to the working of Yin-Yang, the Taoistic concept o f all-pervading reality. Nuclear, cytoplasmic, gametic and zygotic considerations compellingly suggest that Yin­Yang does prevail, making us and' our cells basically field-effects, thus erasing further the distinction between male and female, animate and inanimate, biomass and bioenergy.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this series of 3 patients, one pa­tient presented with facial paralysis and another one with bilateral post-auricular swellings, the first 2 cases were diagnosed only after surgery and histopathological examination of the tissue removed, while the third case was diagnosed pre-operatively on clinical and radiological findings.
Abstract: Eosinophilic granuloma is a variety of Histiocytosis-X. Its etio­logy is unknown. When it involves the temporal bone it may mimic chronic otitis media, or a mastoid abscess, very often leading to an erroneous diagnosis. Its X-ray appearance and histopathology are characteristic. Infiltration with eosinophils and histiocytes is a constant feature. Very good results are achieved with surgery accompanied by radiotherapy. In this series of 3 patients, one pa­tient presented with facial paralysis and another one with bilateral post-auricular swellings. The first 2 cases were diagnosed only after surgery and histopathological examination of the tissue removed, while the third case was diagnosed pre-operatively on clinical and radiological findings.

Journal Article
TL;DR: A clinical psychiatric study o f twelve patients seeking sex change surgery is presented, and the diagnosis of true trans­sexualism could be made in six cases and the alternative diagnoses were schizophrenia and sexual deviation.
Abstract: A clinical psychiatric study o f twelve patients seeking sex change surgery is presented. The demographic data, clinical characteristics and the results of psychological testing are described. Unlike as in the Western countries, males and females were equally distributed in the study sample. The diagnosis of true trans­sexualism could be made in six cases. The alternative diagnoses were schizophrenia and sexual deviation. The aetiology of trans­sexuality, its diagnostic criteria, the differential diagnosis and the associated medico-legal and ethical problems are pointed out

Journal Article
TL;DR: Fungal endocarditis developed in 15 cases out of 205 in whom cardiac valves were replaced during the years 1969-75 and supervened in the early post-operative period stressing the need for vigilance.
Abstract: Fungal endocarditis developed in 15 cases out of 205 in whom cardiac valves were replaced during the years 1969-75. Bacterial and fungal infections co-existed in 3 cases. Pure bacterial endo­carditis was seen only in one case during this period. Fungal endo­carditis was not observed following any other type of open or closed heart surgery. Clinicopathologic features of these cases are briefly described. Paucity of clinical signs and symptoms make early diagnosis difficult. The diagnosis of fungal infection was essentially histological. It was corroborated by culture in 3 cases. In 6 cases candida was responsible while in others either Aspergillus or Penicillium was responsible. In 11 out of 15 cases, endocarditis supervened in the early post-operative period stressing the need for vigilance.

Journal Article
TL;DR: 77 cases of intestinal volvulus seen during the last 6 years have been analysed; majority belong to 20-40 years age group and more than 50% presented after 72 hours of onset of symptoms.
Abstract: 77 cases of intestinal volvulus seen during the last 6 years have been analysed; majority belong to 20-40 years age group. More than 50% presented after 72 hours of onset of symptoms. Small bowel was the site of volvulus in 65% of cases, transverse colon in 2.6% and sigmoid in 23.4%. 32.5% cases had strangulation obstruc­tion. Volvulus was of primary idiopathic variety in 84.5% of cases. Resection was required in 52%. The overall mortality was 10.5% in the series.

Journal Article
TL;DR: This is a report of an unusual case showing a mitral valve prolapse in the presence of a biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), which is the first report of a case of EMF associated with mitral valves prolapse.
Abstract: This is a report of an unusual case showing a mitral valve prolapse in the presence of a biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). The EMF was strongly suspected on left ventricular angiography and later proved at autopsy. The prolapse of the mitral valve was detected at echocardiography. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a case of EMF associated with mitral valve prolapse.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Though endocrine studies contribute important information, laparoscopy with gonadal biopsy assists in the diagnosis and prognosis of majority of the patients.
Abstract: The present paper is a laparoscopic study of 66 cases of primary amenorrhoea. Biopsy of the ovaries was also carried out in addition to certain laboratory investigations. There were 43 cases of Mullerian agenesis while only 20 cases showed gonadal dysgenesis. There were 3 cases of genital tuberculosis. Though endocrine studies contribute important information, laparoscopy with gonadal biopsy assists in the diagnosis and prognosis of majority of the patients.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The relationship between dietary lipid constituent and enzymes was studied in albino rats maintained on diets containing three Indian Shark Liver Oils and it was noted that higher unsaturation of dietary fat increased the activity of glucose-6-P­dehydrogenase enzyme while activities of transaminases and chole­sterol esterase were lowered.
Abstract: The enzymes viz. glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13), aspartate amino transferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine amino transferase (2.6.1.2) are intimately related to lipid metabolism. Hence their activities are bound to be affected by the type of dietary fat and substances like bile salts and cholesterol which also influence the lipid metabolism. This relationship between dietary lipid constituent and enzymes was studied in albino rats maintained on diets containing three Indian Shark Liver Oils viz. Waghbeer, Khada mushi and Pisori supple­mented with or without cholesterol and bile salts, Enzyme activities were studied in liver, heart and serum. It was noted that higher unsaturation of dietary fat increased the activity of glucose-6-P­dehydrogenase enzyme while activities of transaminases and chole­sterol esterase were lowered. Addition of cholesterol and bile salts to these diets decreased the activity of glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase and hydrolytic activity of cholesterol esterase. There was increase in the activities of transaminases and esterifying activity of choles­terol esterase due to supplementation with cholesterol and bile salts.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Clinical evaluation of 50 cases of genito-urinary fistula from January 1969 to March 1917 is presented and in 84% of the cases the aetiological factor was obstetric injury while in 12% it followed hysterectomy.
Abstract: Clinical evaluation of 50 cases of genito-urinary fistula from January 1969 to March 1917 is presented. In 84% of the cases the aetiological factor was obstetric injury while in 12% it followed hysterectomy. Sixty per cent of the patients had come within one year of the development of symptoms. Eighty per cent of the cases were operated upon by vaginal route while 14% were operated upon by abdominal route and 6% by pereineo-abdominal route. The operative management is discussed. The success rate was 72%. The literature on this subject is reviewed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Diffuse myomatosis of uterus in a post-menopausal woman developing as a result of ovarian thecoma is reported and a brief review of the literature is presented.
Abstract: Diffuse myomatosis of uterus in a post-menopausal woman developing as a result of ovarian thecoma is reported. A brief review of the literature is Presented.

Journal Article
VK Pratap, VK Rohatgi, KN Dube, SD Mishra, M Kunwar 
TL;DR: A solitary, localized, benign hemangioma of the clavicle with a pathological fracture is presented and there was no evidence of any other blood vessel being affected.
Abstract: A case of a solitary, localized, benign hemangioma of the clavicle with a pathological fracture is presented. There was no evidence of any other blood vessel being affected. The hemangioma did not cause any signs and symptoms. The literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It was observed on the basis of triene/tetraene ratio that the patients were ingesting adequate amounts of linoleate, there were high levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and c/p ratio in all the groups, which may be due to disturbed PUFA metabolism.
Abstract: The biochemical assessment of coronary heart diseases (CHD) is done by studying serum lipids. This is usually done to under­stand the pathogenesis o f atherosclerosis which is the cause o f CHD. Indoor patients suffering from CHD were studied for their serum cholesterol, phospholipids, total fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Cholesterol/phospholipid and triene/tetraene ratios were calculated. It was observed that there was no significant difference in any of the parameters studied on the basis of dietary habit or body size. It was further observed on the basis of triene/tetraene ratio that the patients were ingesting adequate amounts of linoleate, there were high levels of cholesterol, phospholipids and c/p ratio in all the groups. This paradox may be due to disturbed PUFA metabolism and particularly of linoleate so that there is no influence o f linoleate on cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: On comparing two groups of patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents, it was found that QTc was signi­ficantly more prolonged in patiens of haemorrhagic group than non­-haemor rhagic group, and the CSF pressure was found to be signi-ficant more in patients with ECG abnormalities.
Abstract: Electrocardiographic studies have been carried out in 50 patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. These cases included 31 cases from non-haemorrhagic group and 19 cases from haemor­rhagic group. `T' or T-U wave abnormalities were seen in 63.1% of cases in haemorrhagic group and in 35.4% of cases from non-hae­morrhagic group. Abnormal prolongation of QTc interval (105% of normal i.e. 0.45 Secs.) was observed in 73.6% cases from haemorrhagic group and in 35.4% of cases from non-haemorrhagic group. On comparing these two groups it was found that QTc was signi­ficantly more prolonged in patiens of haemorrhagic group than non­-haemorrhagic group. The CSF pressure was found to be signi­ficantly more in patients with ECG abnormalities. However, there teas no correlation between serum electrolyte levels and ECG abnormalities. After 2 weeks, the ECG abnormalities disappeared, except in two cases from haemorrhagic group. There was no signi­ficant difference in the incidence of mortality between patient having ECG abnormalities and the patients without ECG abnormalities. In the light of these findings the probable mechanism of production of ECG changes in acute cerebrovascular accidents is discussed.