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Showing papers in "Journal of Power Sources in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) was proposed, in which alcohol is used directly as the fuel.

959 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Alfonso Pozio1, M. De Francesco1, Alessia Cemmi1, F. Cardellini1, Luca Giorgi1 
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed procedure for comparing high surface Pt/C catalysts was pointed out, and the real platinum metal surface area was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry on a thin porous coated disk electrode.

863 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) as mentioned in this paper is a MATLAB/Simulink environment for advanced vehicle modeling and is used to quantify the fuel economy, the performance, and the emissions of vehicles that use alternative technologies including fuel cells, batteries, electric motors, and internal combustion engines in hybrid (i.e. multiple power sources) configurations.

795 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The performance of formic acid fuel oxidation on a solid PEM fuel cell at 60°C was reported in this paper, where the anodic polarization potential of Formic acid is approximately 0.1 V lower than that for methanol on a standard Pt/Ru catalyst.

772 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a lumped capacitance battery thermal model in the Matlab/Simulink environment was developed that included the ADVISOR battery performance models, along with the results of finite element modeling.

736 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive non-isothermal, three-dimensional computational model of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell has been developed and implemented into a computational fluid dynamics code, and simulations are presented with an emphasis on the physical insight and fundamental understanding afforded by the detailed threedimensional distributions of reactant concentrations, current densities, temperature and water fluxes.

667 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the prospect of small fuel cells replacing batteries in portable equipment is considered in terms of their prospective energy density, technological feasibility, safety and cost, and fuel cells seem to be best suited to applications where significantly more energy storage is required than at present in portable devices.

655 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the specific capacitance of activated carbons is determined by both the ratio of edge/basal orientation and the nature of functional groups on the surface, and the difference between the edge and the basal layers results from the semiconductive properties of basal layer.

616 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical and economic prospects of the future production of methanol and hydrogen from biomass have been evaluated and a technology review, including promising future components, was made, resulting in a set of promising conversion concepts.

613 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of aluminum-air secondary batteries is presented, including aqueous electrolyte primary batteries, aluminum air batteries, and molten salt secondary batteries, as well as solution additive to electrolytes.

567 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the battery modeling capabilities in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR) written in the Matlab/Simulink environment are summarized.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, polyaniline doped with HCl and LiPF6 (Pani-LiPF6) is used as the active electrode material of symmetric redox supercapacitors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, high-temperature LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite lithium-ion pouch cells were cycled over 100% DOD at room temperature and 60 8 Ci n to investigate high temperature degradation mechanisms of this important technology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented estimation methods for specific heat capacities, viscosities, thermal conductivities and diffusion coefficients for both pure components and mixtures of C 3 H 8, C 2 H 6, CH 4, H 2 O, CO 2, CO, CO, H 2, N 2, O 2 and Ar over the temperature range 273 −1473 K at ambient pressure.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Wind1, R. Späh1, W. Kaiser1, G. Böhm1
TL;DR: In this paper, metal bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells with and without coatings were tested in single cell tests and the surface of the plates was analyzed by several methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a microporous PTFE/carbon sublayer between the carbon paper and the catalyst layer played a crucial role in PEM fuel cells, which reduced the difference among different carbon paper types made by different manufacturers or by the same manufacturer at different times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to compare the thermal stability of charged cathodes in 1-M LiPF 6 EC/DEC electrolyte as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is analyzed as a function of three parameters, namely temperature, fuel flow rate and concentration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of mathematical models of lithium and nickel battery systems developed at the University of South Carolina is presented in this article, where the ability of these models to predict reality is demonstrated by frequent comparisons with experimental data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a two-step reaction during the first discharge to 1.5V with a capacity of 530mm −1 ǫg, and the voltage profile and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the discharge reactions show the formation of Li X CuS, Li 2 S and metallic Cu during the second voltage plateau.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, commercial supercapacitors from Saft, Maxwell, Panasonic, CCR, Ness, EPCOS, and Power Systems were tested under constant current and constant power discharges to assess their applicability for power-assist applications in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a recycling process involving mechanical, thermal, hydrometallurgical and sol-gel steps has been applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries and to synthesize LiCoO2 from leach liquor as cathodic active materials.

Journal ArticleDOI
Chang Sun Kong1, Do Young Kim1, Hankyu Lee1, Yong Gun Shul1, Tae-Hee Lee1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of pore-size distribution of the diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is investigated using electrodes with hydrophobic diffusion layers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple, natural gas-fed, hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT) power-generation system consisting of an internal-reforming SOFC (IRSOFC) stack, a combustor, a GT, two compressors and three recuperators is presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review various reforming technologies available for the generation of such fuels from hydrocarbons and alcohols and briefly address the issue of carbon monoxide clean-up and the question of selecting the appropriate fuel(s) for small/medium scale fuel processors for stationary and automotive applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two simple, simple solidoxide fuel-cell (SOFC) power systems fed by hydrogen and methane, respectively, are examined and the energy and exergy at each node of the system are conducted and their respective values are normalized by the lower heating value of the fuel and its chemical exergy, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple power-law rate expression was fitted to experimental data in order to predict the rates of CO2 and H-2 formation under various reaction conditions, and the apparent activation energy (E-a) was estimated to be 100.9 kJ mol(-1) in good agreement with values reported in the literature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the position of distributed generation (DG, as these small units are called in comparison with central power plants) with respect to the installation and interconnection of such units with the classical grid infrastructure is reviewed, the status of technical standards both in Europe and USA, possible ways to improve the interconnection situation, and also the need for decisions that provide a satisfactory position for the network operator (who remains responsible for the grid, its operation, maintenance and investment plans) are addressed.

Journal ArticleDOI
Soo-Seok Choi1, Hong S. Lim1
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive test has been conducted on a lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell under a variety of cycling conditions in order to evaluate factors that affect its cycle-life.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacity fade of Sony 18650 Li-ion cells increases with increase in temperature, which can be explained by repeated film formation over the surface of anode, which results in increased rate of lithium loss and also in a drastic increase in the negative electrode resistance with cycling.