Showing papers in "Journal of Pragmatics in 2000"

TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that human action is built through the simultaneous deployment of a range of quite different kinds of semiotic resources, such as graphic fields of various types, without which the constitution of particular kinds of action being invoked through talk would be impossible.

TL;DR: For instance, the authors show that transcription involves both interpretive decisions (What is transcribed?) and representational decisions (How is it transcribed?). These decisions ultimately respond to the contextual conditions of the transcription process itself, including the transcriber's own expectations and beliefs about the speakers and the interaction being transcribed; the intended audience of the transcript; and its purpose.

TL;DR: The authors discusses issues in the definition of back-channel feedback, presents evidence for their claim, surveys other factors which elicit or inhibit backchannel responses, and mentions a few related phenomena and theoretical issues.

TL;DR: The authors presented a theory of irony which claims that an ironical utterance is both inappropriate and relevant to its context, and extensive discussion of previous theories of irony is presented to justify the various aspects of the theory and in particular its two-stage processing approach.

TL;DR: The authors found that side-to-side shakes correlate with expressions of inclusivity and intensification, and lateral movements also co-occur with uncertain statements and lexical repairs.

TL;DR: In this article, the humor of New Zealand men and women was analyzed according to function and these functions were organized into a taxonomy of solidarity-based, power-based and psychological functions.

TL;DR: The authors proposed an implicit display theory of irony in order to provide a plausible explanation of how irony is distinguished from nonirony, which is consistent with the empirical findings from psycholinguistics.

TL;DR: In this article, audio-visual recordings of work within a telecommunications control centre are used to explore the ways in which colleagues establish, if only momentarily, mutual orientation towards "objects" such as (features of) documents and computer screens.

TL;DR: The authors provide a comprehensive survey of the literature on conditional perfection before and since Geis and Zwicky as a microcosm of the development of post-Gricean pragmatic theory.

TL;DR: This article found that verbal irony and understatement perform similar pragmatic functions because they both make use of a potential contrast between expected and experienced events, which makes verbal irony generally funnier, more criticizing, and more expressive of a difference between the expected and ensuing events.

TL;DR: In this article, a cognitive-pragmatic approach to situation-bound utterances (SBUs) is presented, which reveals that in many cases cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and conventional knowledge are responsible for the unique situational meaning of SBUs.

TL;DR: This article examined the act of disagreement as realized in university settings and the choice of linguistic markers used to soften or strengthen disagreement, based on a corpus of natural data containing over 450 turns in which disagreement was expressed in university courses and academic talks.

TL;DR: The authors compared the effects of making a criticism directly with that of making it indirectly (via sarcasm) and found that verbal aggression made via sarcasm differs in some ways from that when made directly.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an analysis of the German quotative und ich so "and I'm like" in naturally occurring video-taped conversation. And they show that it is equivalent to the American English quotative be like, sharing very similar interactional functions and similar paths of grammaticalization.

TL;DR: The authors showed that the assumption that the assertion/presupposition distinction maps fairly directly onto the distinction between new and old information is made doubtful by presupposing constructions that regularly convey new information: uniquely identifying descriptions, "informative presupposition" it -clefts, reverse clefts, announcements embedded under factives, nonrestrictive relatives.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large database containing videotapes of students during inquiry science lessons was used to investigate the relationship between gestures and talk in three types of settings: drawn (still) graphical models, computer-based "runable" graphical models and three-dimensional models of architectural structures.

TL;DR: This article found that phonetically reduced alternates overwhelmingly appear in declarative constructions preceded by the first person singular pronoun followed by a small group of verbs whose meanings lend themselves to expressing speaker attitude in combination with I (e.g. know, think).

TL;DR: In this article, attitudes about codeswitching were gathered from 169 Tunisian University students using a matched-guise technique and 28 similar students completed language diaries that reported details about their use of different language varieties over several days.

TL;DR: The authors argue that in addition to the familiar approach using formal contexts, there is now a need in artificial intelligence to study contexts as social constructs, and draw attention to "interpretation" (in the sense of literary theory), viz, the reconstruction of the intended meaning of a literary text that takes into account the context in which the author assumed the reader would place the text.

TL;DR: In this paper, a corpus of informal dinner conversations among good friends from the German academic milieu was used to analyze humorous episodes in natural contexts, in which a female narrator humorously presents her own personal misadventures or inadequacies.

TL;DR: This paper examined how defense attorney and witnesses co-contextualize audio-tapes of historical speech prior to inserting them in the current reporting context, a sequential and metapragmatic negotiation which frames not only the authority but the reception of reported speech during the performance of legal knowledge.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show how the potency of unmarked choices is derived from existing norms and how selecting the marked choice is an attempt to construct new norms Rational actor models (including the markedness model of Myers-Scotton, 1993, 1998) take account of large-scale societal factors, but not as directly determining linguistic choices Rather, selection is located with the individual, and rationality itself is the mechanism by which choices are made.

TL;DR: The authors studied the role of the Japanese final particle ne from the perspective of conversation analysis and found that it acts as a pivotal device employed by participants for turn-management and topic-management in naturally-occurring conversational interaction.

TL;DR: The authors evaluates Mao's (1994) debate with Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) about their politeness theory based on the notion of face and concludes that Mao's arguments against their theory are not convincing and that the nature of politeness strategies favored by a particular culture should be established on an empirical basis rather than from the alleged connotations of certain words.

TL;DR: It is proposed that duration is an important factor that determines whether progressive or resultative meaning obtains, and suggested that the meaning of -teiru is determined in a way that maximally satisfies both types of constraints - temporal and syntactic.

TL;DR: In this article, the main reference meanings of personal deixis in a sub-genre of political speech, a debate between two Spanish political leaders held during the 1993 general elections, are analyzed.

TL;DR: In Japanese and English, the speaker has two different aspects which can be called public and private self as discussed by the authors, where the public self is the speaker as the subject of communicating (i.e., the speaker who faces an addressee or has one in mind).

TL;DR: In this paper, Sacks' collected lectures, it has been shown that preference can be explained in terms of noticeable absence and accountability, and the preferred action is the "seen but unnoticed" action (Garfinkel, 1967), whereas the dispreferred action is of two types.