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Showing papers in "Journal of Psychiatric Research in 1982"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) designed specifically for rating depression in the elderly was tested for reliability and validity and compared with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) as discussed by the authors.

13,014 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that a profound reorganization of human brain function takes place during adolescence: the amount of deep sleep and the rate of brain metabolism fall sharply; the latency of certain event-related potentials declines; the capacity to recover function after brain injury diminishes; and adult problem-solving "power" appears.

1,231 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Positive effects on concentration when older subjects consume a high-carbohydrate, low-protein lunch are suggested and appear to arise predominantly from lapses of attention rather than from intrusion of distractors.

198 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes research strategies and techniques which have been used to assess the effects of drugs and diseases on appetite and food consumption, and which might also be useful in exploring the results of nutrient-induced changes in neurotransmitter synthesis.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings support observations that the timing and nutrient composition of meals have acute and demonstrable effects on behavior.

164 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Changes in adrenoceptor and serotonin receptor activities, and platelet serotonin uptake, in a group of moderately depressed patients before and during treatment have been monitored and the observed changes in receptor function may correlate with changes in the clinical status of depressed patients.

148 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Caffeine significantly increased scores for wakefulness, vigor, clarity of mind, energy, feeling full of ideas, Feeling full of go and feeling efficient and was ranked as the most stimulating treatment.

124 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tryptophan increased subjective drowsiness and fatigue but unlike many hypnotics did not impair sensorimotor performance and decreased human pain sensitivity in a manner that was more specific than certain analgesic drugs.

122 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Ernest Hartmann1
TL;DR: The weight of evidence indicates that L-tryptophan in doses of 1 g or more produces an increase in rated subjective sleepiness and a decrease in sleep latency (time to sleep).

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A schema is presented for an integrated series of nutritional studies, and the effects of missing breakfast and of simple sugars are used to illustrate several applications, including autonomic (evoked cardiac response), central (event-related potentials), and behavioral measures.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: How latent class analysis statistically models the conceptual structure of diagnostic systems was demonstrated and these models were then used to study the Taylor and Abrams diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that SD in combination with clomipramine as compared with CL alone induces a faster onset of improvement in depression.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An in-depth analysis of eye movements of schizophrenics has demonstrated defects in several oculomotor subsystems, likely due to processing of sensory information and not to problems in the motor system itself.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results do not support the hypothesis of a differential deviation in all schizophrenics with respect to distractibility, however, significant differences were found between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The discussion critically examines some of the approaches used to test putative mild sedatives and suggests a rational approach to analysing their effects.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was a greater reduction in reported clinical pain and a greater increase in pain tolerance threshold in the tryptophan group than in the placebo group and the group did not differ in anxiety and depression--for all subjects there was lowered depression and anxiety over the 4 weeks of study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data indicate that affective illness is not uncommon in adolescence and may occur as a childhood disorder, and in a subset of pedigree data, bipolar and unipolar affective disorders may be different phenotypic manifestations of the same underlying disorder.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that ambulatory monitoring of panic attacks may be most useful with patients who suffer from more frequent and severe panic attacks and who have high heart rates (greater than 110) during these attacks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The several different versions of the kappa coefficient currently in use can be seen as variants of a single basic computational method, and general formulas for calculating kappa are presented, both to measure the overall reliability of a set of diagnostic categories and toMeasure the specific reliability of individual categories.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding indicates that DSM III criteria applied to CT scan measures may help define a sub-group within the schizophrenias, and the underlying pathology demonstrating increased VBRs and other CT scan changes may be specific to but different from other disorders.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a series of 19 identical and 16 fraternal twin pairs, the activities of the two forms of the enzyme, phenolsulphotransferase, denominated M and P, were investigated in blood platelets and showed to be under a high degree of genetic control.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of age-at-onset distributions in a group of 285 patients diagnosed as having major affective disorder, recurrent, either unipolar or bipolar, found that bipolarity, at least one affected parent and a low position in the sibship are each associated with earlier age at onset of affective disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Initial results are encouraging, and a double-blind, parallel-group trial comparing tyrosine to the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and to placebo in non-bipolar outpatients with major depression is being conducted.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients' patient ratings did not indicate an advantage for diazepam at any of the six points of observation on global ratings of improvement for the completed sample and on reported anxiety for the total sample.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that calmodulin-activated CaATPase is abnormal in manic-depressive patients and indicates that this treatment sensitized the membrane enzyme to monovalent cations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of rats and human subjects to regulate the quantities of carbohydrate consumed when given a choice among two or more foods of varying composition does exist in both species, but is independent of the sweetness of the test carbohydrate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A variety of cognitive and behavioral tasks failed to show "excitatory" effects of sugar in a supposedly vulnerable population of children.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The value of newborn behavior as a sensitive dependent variable in studies of behavioral effects of diet is illustrated and variations in serotonin levels in the newborn brain may modulate the newborn's sleep/wake behaviour is suggested.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The TRH test is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for diagnosing hyperthyroidism in the mentally ill patient when other tests and serial observations are inconclusive and false positive FT4 index elevations occur commonly in psychiatric patients.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By comparing all the different sets of results, those symptom groupings that are particularly stable or unstable have been identified by comparison between analyses using the full range of scores on the items and those using dichotomized scores in order to determine whether the use of different rating scales for different items has an effect on the resulting item groupings.