Showing papers in "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs in 1983"
136 citations
TL;DR: This chapter reviews current understanding of the biological basis of benzodiazepine actions and builds on earlier comprehensive reviews of the mechanism(s) of actions of Benzodiazepines.
Abstract: In spite of intensive research during the decade following the introduction of chlordiazepoxide into clinical medicine, the mechanism(s) of actions of benzodiazepines remained obscure. An important breakthrough occurred with the discovery of the role of gamma -amino-butyric acid (GABA) as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Demonstration that there was a close association between benzodiazepine actions and GABAergic mechanisms (Polc, Mohler & Haefely, 1974; Costa, Guidotti & Mao, 1975; Haefelyet at., 1975) led to massive amounts of research which clarified the relationship between GABA and benzodiazepines and resulted in a number of fundamental neurochemical discoveries. This chapter reviews current understanding of the biological basis of benzodiazepine actions and builds on earlier comprehensive reviews (Haefely, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1983b; Haefelyet al., 1975, 1978, 1981, 1983a).
90 citations
TL;DR: The story of the Benzodiazepine story can be found in this paper, where two decades of research and clinical experience are discussed. But the authors focus on the benzodiazepines.
Abstract: (1983). The Benzodiazepine Story. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, The Benzodiazepines. Two Decades of Research and Clinical Experience, pp. 15-17.
89 citations
TL;DR: This chapter reviews three types of physical dependence that can occur with benzodiazepines: a high- dose dependency of the barbiturate type, a low-dose dependency that may occur with therapeutic doses, and dependency that might occur in the neonate from placental or breast-milk transfer of a benzodiazine.
Abstract: Benzodiazepines, like other sedative-hypnotics, can induce tolerance and physical dependence. This chapter reviews three types of physical dependence that can occur with benzodiazepines:a high-dose dependency of the barbiturate type, a low-dose dependency that may occur with therapeutic doses, and dependency that may occur in the neonate from placental or breast-milk transfer of a benzodiazepine.
87 citations
TL;DR: This is a book that will show you even new to old thing, and when you are really dying of family therapy of drug abuse and addiction, just pick it.
Abstract: It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite family therapy of drug abuse and addiction book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of family therapy of drug abuse and addiction, just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.
70 citations
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a self-rating scale for detecting Barbiturate/Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome in healthy volunteers, based on the Self-Rating Scale (SRS).
Abstract: (1983). Symptoms of the Barbiturate/Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Syndrome in Healthy Volunteers: Standardized Assessment by a Newly Developed Self-Rating Scale. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, The Benzodiazepines. Two Decades of Research and Clinical Experience, pp. 71-84.
29 citations
TL;DR: Trial by media can never take the place of careful scientific evaluation of a psychotropic drug because the two methods are antithetical.
Abstract: Trial by media can never take the place of careful scientific evaluation of a psychotropic drug. The two methods are antithetical. Scientific inquiry depends on careful examination of data. The media cannot present information in detail. It titilates, dramatizes and pulls facts out of context. It is unfortunate, but it is so.
28 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: The pre-Benzodiazepine era as mentioned in this paper was the era of benzodiazepines and their use in the treatment of psychoactive drugs, such as LSD, LSD, and Vicodin.
Abstract: (1983). The Pre-Benzodiazepine Era. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, The Benzodiazepines. Two Decades of Research and Clinical Experience, pp. 9-13.
TL;DR: In the more than two decades that benzodiazepines have been available to physicians throughout the world, they have become one of the most widely used group of drugs in all of medical history and are safer drugs than those which predated them.
Abstract: In the more than two decades that benzodiazepines have been available to physicians throughout the world, they have become one of the most widely used group of drugs in all of medical history. The popularity seems to be well deserved, based upon the many uses to which these drugs have been put. Although many of the current indications for the use of benzodiazepines have in the past been accomplished with other drugs, most notably the barbiturates, the consensus presently is that the benzodiazepines are not only more effective, but are safer drugs than those which predated them.
TL;DR: The Drugs-Crime Connection as discussed by the authors was the first paper to explore the connection between drugs and crime in the literature. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 3, No 3, pp. 245-247.
Abstract: (1983). The Drugs-Crime Connection. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 245-247.
TL;DR: Etude faite sur des routiers travaillant sur de longues distances mise en evidence de correlations entre le comportement anti-productif et l'usage de drogues; pas de relation entre la satisfaction professionnelle et cet usage of drogue.
Abstract: Etude faite sur des routiers travaillant sur de longues distances (N=112): mise en evidence de correlations entre le comportement anti-productif et l'usage de drogues; pas de relation entre la satisfaction professionnelle et cet usage de drogues
TL;DR: The Amotivational Syndrome Hypothesis and the Costa Rica Study and the Relationships Between Methods and Results are compared to find the hypothesis and results to be compatible with reality.
Abstract: (1983). The Amotivational Syndrome Hypothesis and the Costa Rica Study: Relationships Between Methods and Results. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 261-267.
TL;DR: In this paper, Dealing, Demoralization and Addiction: Heroin in the Chicago Puerto Rican Community, 1983, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp 281-292.
Abstract: (1983). Dealing, Demoralization and Addiction: Heroin in the Chicago Puerto Rican Community. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 281-292.
TL;DR: In this article, the recreational use of ergoline alkaloids from Argyreia Nervosa was discussed, and the results showed that it is safe to do so.
Abstract: (1983). Recreational Use of Ergoline Alkaloids from Argyreia Nervosa. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 251-259.
TL;DR: Comparing the clinical efficacy of the benzodiazepines with that of the barbiturates, meprobamate and placebo, one finds again and again the same rank order of efficacy, with Benzodiazepine producing the most and placebo the least amount of improvement.
Abstract: The efficacy of the benzodiazepines in the symptomatic treatment of non-psychotic anxiety has been well established. Hundreds of studies, many of them conducted under stringent double-blind conditions, have consistently shown that the benzodiazepines produce significantly more improvement than placebo in both somatic and emotional manifestations of anxiety (Lader, 1980; Rickels, 1978; Greenblatt & Shader 1974). In fact, comparing the clinical efficacy of the benzodiazepines with that of the barbiturates, meprobamate and placebo, one finds again and again the same rank order of efficacy, with benzodiazepines producing the most and placebo the least amount of improvement (Rickels, 1978; Cohen et al., 1976; Lader, Bond & James, 1974). Yet, by far, not every patient improves with benzodiazepines, and moderate to marked improvement is obtained only in about 65 to 75 percent of benzodiazepine-treated patients. In addition, as this author’s research group demonstrated years ago, even patients reporting moderate improvement, representing about 40 percent of patients treated with benzodiazepines, by far do not reach “normative” anxiety levels (Rickels, 1978). An excellent review of the current status of benzodiazepines was recently provided by Greenblatt, Shader & Abernethy (1983).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a pharmacosexology update of Heroin and Sexual Function, with a focus on the sexual function of the user's sexual organs, and the effect of drugs on sexual function.
Abstract: (1983). Pharmacosexology Update: Heroin and Sexual Function. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 317-318.
TL;DR: The topic of this article is the experimental psychology and experimental pharmacology of benzodiazepines as applied to their abuse liability assessment.
Abstract: The topic of this article is the experimental psychology and experimental pharmacology of benzodiazepines as applied to their abuse liability assessment.1 The issues of physiological and psychological dependence on benzodiazepines are considered to be separate topics and will be examined as such.
TL;DR: In this article, social factors related to the follow-up status of opioid addictions were investigated and found to be positively correlated with the number of opiate overdose deaths.
Abstract: (1983). Social Factors Related to the Follow-Up Status of Opioid Addicts. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 207-217.