Showing papers in "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs in 1985"
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108Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Diazepam and Desmethyldiazepam in breast milk were found to be associated with increased breast milk breast milk milk protein synthesis and increased breast cancer risk.
Abstract: (1985). Diazepam and Desmethyldiazepam in Breast Milk. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 55-56.
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TL;DR: Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
Abstract: (1985) LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill Cancer Patient Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp 279-290
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TL;DR: A pharmacist's perspective on the scheduling of MDMA in the 1980s from the perspective of a chemist.
Abstract: (1985). The Scheduling of MDMA: A Pharmacist's Perspective. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 167-171.
27Â citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the most powerful of the psychoactive drugs cannot simply be shelved and forgotten, and the need is too strong to advance knowledge of the role and function of the human mind in health and disease.
Abstract: A review of the historical trends in LSD research clearly indicates that LSD and similar drugs are too powerful and unique in their psychological effects to be mistaken for and studied as just another group of psychotropic compounds. The importance of the theoretical understanding and expectations of the researchers in determining the subjective effects and results of LSD treatment is undeniable. In addition, double-blind controlled studies have been demonstrated to be an inappropriate methodology for studying LSD, because it is not feasible to create an effective blind for LSD with either an active or inactive placebo. It must be realized that when attempting to scientifically study such ephemeral and easily influenced processes as those involving human consciousness, methods of study may influence the process and outcome of the research. In 1937 Werner Heisenberg demonstrated the uncertainty principle in relation to any attempt to measure with accuracy the minute processes of electrons in the atom. One must consider the possibility that current tools and methods for studying the effects of LSD are presently so crude as to demonstrate a similar uncertainty principle in LSD research: The methods of measuring actually influence the process under study to such a degree that the results that are garnered are primarily the effects of attempts at measurement. The continuing crisis in psychiatric and psychological treatment demands that the most powerful of the psychoactive drugs cannot simply be shelved and forgotten. The need is too strong to advance knowledge of the role and function of the human mind in health and disease. LSD and similar drugs hold a tremendous promise for humankind if only ways can be found to further understanding of how to use them responsibly and appropriately. Perhaps other societies that have integrated these substances into the very fabric of their social order may offer models. As Silberman (1970) has written: "No approach is more impractical than one which takes the present arrangements and practices as given, asking only 'How can we do what we are doing more effectively?' or 'How can we bring the worst institutions up to the level of the best?' These questions need to be asked to be sure; but one must also realize that best may not be good enough and may, in any case, already be changing."
TL;DR: Treating cocaine addicts in cocaine-specific groups is useful in that the homogeneity facilitates group identification and the educational component of treatment, however, the content of the groups and nature of the recovery process are not drug specific or unique.
Abstract: The authors have attempted to make clear that recovery is a lifelong process. In its early phases, clients are working primarily to achieve relief from guilt and pain created by their addiction. As recovery progresses, however, there is a movement from a relief mentality to a true experience of delight (Enright 1980). The goals of treatment have been achieved when this shift is evident: when one is living comfortably, responsibly and joyfully without cocaine or other drugs. The authors' experience indicates that treating cocaine addicts in cocaine-specific groups is useful in that the homogeneity facilitates group identification and the educational component of treatment. However, the content of the groups and nature of the recovery process are not drug specific or unique. The emergence of C.A., which is based on the same 12 steps as A.A., also illustrates this. What is being treated is addictive disease, not alcoholism or cocaine addiction. Regardless of the chemical, the essentials of treatment are the same: The language of recovery is universal.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss adverse reactions to LSD in the form of "dream becomes nightmare" and "nightmare becomes reality", and present a study of LSD in Retrospect.
Abstract: (1985). Dream Becomes Nightmare: Adverse Reactions to LSD. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 297-303.
TL;DR: Hindu beliefs about appropriate use of cannabis illustrate the capacity of cultural systems to order and direct the course of complex phenomenal events as well as providing diverse niches through which antithetical effects of the drug are expressed.
Abstract: Hindu beliefs about appropriate use of cannabis illustrate the capacity of cultural systems to order and direct the course of complex phenomenal events. Cannabis manifests diverse and contradictory effects. These depend not only on dose, frequency and route of administration, but also on subjective and cultural contexts (e.g., Pihl, Shea & Costa 1979). It may very well be that the contradictory results of modern research investigations on cannabis stem from the intricacy of these interactions. Given the current state of the art, paradigms of research methodology may very well be inadequate to develop an understanding of such a paradoxical drug. The Hindu cultural system, on the other hand, accommodates the ambiguities of cannabis through its own complex nature. It provides diverse niches through which antithetical effects of the drug are expressed. Cannabis is said to both interfere with motivation to work and facilitate it. A closer examination reveals that these actions are probably related to the way in which this motivation toward action is defined, and the level of use of the drug. While cannabis appears to interfere with execution of highly complex tasks and the long-range planning that accompanies them, it may facilitate concentrated focus on repetitive endeavors. In some commonsense way, it may be quite simply that it changes a user's sense of time and the span of the present as well as the sense of relative importance of present and future. So long as an individual is under the influence of this effect (and living in the context that s/he has structured as a result of it), the urgency of accomplishment in the Western sense is diminished. The Hindu belief system accommodates this by prescribing use in such a way that this effect becomes beneficial. A key factor is that low potency preparations (bhang, thandai) are available. It allows individuals with complex life tasks, goals and obligations to indulge in moderation. The drug is also taken in a ritualized context, facilitating concentration and relaxation. It is taken at times, such as in the evening or on holidays, in which focus on the immediate present is a welcome change. Use of the more potent preparations (ganja, charas) is not condoned for this group. Above all, moderation is enjoined and popular folk belief warns of the potential problems of excess. Ganja and charas are regarded more ambivalently as poisons or semipoisons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TL;DR: The LSD condition, especially the unsane state, is indeed an experience in search of an explanation, and it is doubtful that an animal model for it will be found.
Abstract: The varieties of psychotic LSD experiences are many. A very few may resemble a delirium, some are quite reminiscent of schizophrenia and others have an idiosyncratic quality not seen in the naturally occurring psychoses. The psychotic response to LSD is better understood than transcendent experiences because its neurochemistry and phenomenology have been worked out. Additionally, there is greater familiarity with the endogenous psychoses than the endogenous cosmic experiences. The LSD condition, especially the unsane state, is indeed an experience in search of an explanation. It is doubtful that an animal model for it will be found. It is even possible that not all humans are capable of achieving that state by means of the hallucinogenic drugs. The LSD state remains an area of enormous interest that requires exploration and research.
TL;DR: In this article, the psychoactive properties of Amantadine were investigated. But they did not consider the effect of the drug on the human brain's ability to recognize the drug's properties.
Abstract: (1985). Psychoactive Properties of Amantadine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 51-53.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the ingestion of intoxicating snuffs of the Venezuelan Piaroa Indians. But they do not discuss the effects of these snuffings on their daily lives.
Abstract: (1985). Intoxicating Snuffs of the Venezuelan Piaroa Indians. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 93-103.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe LSD hallucinations from Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid, from LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot-to-Kool-Aide.
Abstract: (1985). LSD Hallucinations: From Ergot to Electric Kool-Aid. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 247-256.
TL;DR: The current pharmacosexology update of yohimbine and sexual function in women is based on a large number of studies conducted in the 1980s and 1990s.
Abstract: (1985). Pharmacosexology Update: Yohimbine and Sexual Function. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 131-132.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the causes, problems, and treatment of addiction: its causes, Problems, and Treatment, and propose a treatment for addiction in the context of psychoactive drugs.
Abstract: (1985). Addiction: Its Causes, Problems, and Treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 205-205.