Showing papers in "Journal of Radio & Audio Media in 2014"
TL;DR: In a follow-up study, this article examined the motivations of independent podcasters and found that they are highly engaged with their audiences and continue to seek new business models to support potential full-time podcasting.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a follow-up study examining the motivations of independent podcasters. Results from a web-based survey found that podcasting continues to be dominated by educated, professional males over 30, most of whom are not podcasting full-time. Podcasters are highly engaged with their audiences and continue to seek new business models to support potential full-time podcasting. Motivations for podcasting are consistent with the theory of produsage, which stresses the importance of community, feedback, and continual improvement. Podcasters take their activities seriously and see podcasting as an alternative to traditional radio.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a quasi-experiment was designed to examine the effects of social media on parasocial relationships and credibility for on-air radio hosts and found that social media appeared to have a negative effect on the strength of a parasocial relationship as well as on credibility.
Abstract: A quasi-experiment was designed to examine the effects of social media on parasocial relationships and credibility for on-air radio hosts. Hypotheses and research questions were tested using 4 experimental conditions. A sample of 240 participants were randomly assigned to a condition and then asked to complete a survey. Results showed that social media appeared to have a negative effect on the strength of a parasocial relationship as well as on credibility.
33 citations
TL;DR: The authors presented a new history of Evangelicalism organized around its media, following the movement through its three “waves,” and found that radio continues to sustain the subculture, even as Evangelicals have tactically reread their media texts in response to societal change.
Abstract: The Evangelical movement in the United States arose as an interpretive community in the late 19th century when the penny press permitted mass dissemination of shared media texts. Network radio in the early and mid-20th century then furnished an ecology for Evangelicals to share real-time media rituals and be socially integrated into a broadly coherent subculture. This study presents a new history of Evangelicalism organized around its media, following the movement through its three “waves.” In the present era, radio continues to sustain the subculture, even as Evangelicals have tactically “reread” their media texts in response to societal change.
20 citations
TL;DR: The authors examined the impact of three individual traits, namely need for cognition, vivid mental imagery ability, and transportability, on one's psychological transportation and ensuing belief change subsequent to listening to a narrative radio advertisement.
Abstract: This study examined the impact of 3 individual traits—namely need for cognition, vivid mental imagery ability, and transportability—on one's psychological transportation and ensuing belief change subsequent to listening to a narrative radio advertisement. The study demonstrated that both vivid mental imagery ability and transportability tend to significantly influence one's degree of transportedness. Moreover, the study showed that a higher degree of transportedness leads to a more potent persuasive impact on one's affective and conative responses to narrative radio advertising.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the presenter from a political economy perspective and show how media convergence has impacted the work of radio personalities in traditional broadcasting, and how work practices and labor relations are affected.
Abstract: In music radio broadcasting, radio personalities (presenters, hosts, DJs) have traditionally been of critical importance to programming success. In this article, I seek to add to the understanding of contemporary developments within radio, especially music radio, through focusing on the presenter from a political economy perspective. How do new business models and technologies affect the performances and forms of talk developed by presenters in contemporary radio? What new roles are assigned to presenters in commercial music radio? How are work practices and labor relations affected? The article shows how media convergence has impacted the work of radio personalities in traditional broadcasting.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors pointed out that between 1977 and 1981, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Charles Ferris directed the FCC as it made history by modifying U.S. radio and telecommunications law.
Abstract: Between 1977 and 1981, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Charles Ferris directed the FCC as it made history by modifying U.S. radio and telecommunications law. It was a revolutionary time, but for the most part neither Ferris, nor the man who appointed him, President Jimmy Carter, has received much credit for their role in remaking regulatory policy. Perhaps even more importantly, Ferris changed the philosophy of how the FCC went about rulemaking, which continues to guide the Commission to this day. This study—utilizing, in part, Ferris' own words—seeks to correct the record regarding the impact he had.
13 citations
TL;DR: This article examined new archival evidence that reveals Herb Jepko used clear-channel signals to broadcast the first national overnight talk radio program, which was later recognized as the pioneering stride in national overnight radio.
Abstract: Radio scholarship is an emerging field of study among broadcast historians and much remains unexplored. There exists little investigation into how early FCC clear-channel radio stations provided the first platform for national radio communication. Much of historical scholarship recognizes Larry King's satellite-distributed program as the pioneering stride in national overnight talk radio. This study examines new archival evidence that reveals Herb Jepko used clear-channel signals to broadcast the first national overnight talk radio program.
8 citations
TL;DR: A textual analysis of 4 U.S. rock stations revealed a marginalization of female voices, the bawdy humor of shock jocks, and music that exemplifies overtly masculine themes.
Abstract: Researchers have described a crisis of masculinity (Allen, 2011; Pompper, 2010), in which men feel that they cannot handle societal changes brought about by feminism. They also confront a range of possible masculinities, including the dominant form still revered above all. One place in the media where dominant masculinity persists is rock-formatted radio. A textual analysis of 4 U.S. rock stations revealed a marginalization of female voices, the bawdy humor of shock jocks, and music that exemplifies overtly masculine themes. However, other evidence suggests contradictions and challenges within the stations' presentation of masculinity, further pointing to an ongoing crisis of masculinity.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the characteristics of the radio station of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) in its early years, based on documents found in the IDF archives, including letters, scripts of radio plays, polls, and planned lineups.
Abstract: Galei Tzahal, the radio station of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), went on the air in 1950, broadcasting from the center of Israel to the general public. The station eventually became significant and highly esteemed, enjoying great popularity among listeners. The object of this article is to analyze the characteristics of the station in its early years. Lacking significant documentation of the programs broadcast in the first decades, as well as systematic audio recordings of the station's broadcasts, this article is based on documents found in the IDF archives, including letters, scripts of radio plays, polls, and planned lineups, as well as samples of the station's broadcasting schedules in the 1950s and 1960s, as published in the Israeli press.
6 citations
TL;DR: A content analysis of NPR's All Things Considered programming from 1999 to 2009 shows that NPR journalists are used as sources more often in stories about philosophical topics and significantly less often in cases that contain more hard data.
Abstract: National Public Radio (NPR) has built its reputation on in-depth analysis and unbiased reporting of information based on questions its reporters ask, the ways reporters tell their stories, and NPR's use of journalists as sources within their stories. This article focuses on understanding how these journalist-sources are used and how this practice contributes to the larger issues of source credibility facing media today. A content analysis of NPR's All Things Considered programming from 1999 to 2009 shows that NPR journalists are used as sources more often in stories about philosophical topics and significantly less often in stories that contain more hard data.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider radio's contributions to our sense of communities and the significance that storytellers, producers, and audiences with diverse backgrounds and gender experiences contribute in shaping culture.
Abstract: This essay considers radio's contributions to our sense of communities and the significance that storytellers, producers, and audiences with diverse backgrounds and gender experiences contribute in shaping culture. In the era of multimedia platforms, discussions about the revolutionary possibilities of digital radio recall speculations during the early days of wireless about how the new medium would impact culture. This article underscores how radio's limited representation of diverse experiences has prevented it from meeting its potential. Radio needs feminism to counter the overt sexism of “shock jock” deejays as well as institutionalized biases that shape programming at most stations. Through this perspective, the author offers examples of feminist interventions across traditional and Internet radio platforms and envisions models grounded in Bell Hooks' definition of feminism as “… a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression” (2000, p. viii).
TL;DR: A relatively unstudied development in the recent history of U.S. community and public radio is the emergence of metropolitan-based public radio networks, which are being constructed by buying out college and community facilities and frequencies by larger stations as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A relatively unstudied development in the recent history of U.S. community and public radio is the emergence of metropolitan-based public radio networks. These are being constructed by buying out college and community facilities and frequencies by larger stations, resulting in student and community radio outlets being shifted to online streams and giving universities a one-time cash infusion, though this seems to vitiate the purpose of their educational licenses.
TL;DR: In 1933 and 1935, Admiral Richard Byrd's second Antarctic expedition was partly funded by General Foods and included radio program sponsorship aired via relays from the South Pole to CBS in New York as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In 1933–1935, Admiral Richard Byrd's second Antarctic expedition was partly funded by General Foods. This included radio program sponsorship aired via relays from the South Pole to CBS in New York. The program format generally opened with news and music from CBS, then weather, expedition reports, entertainment, and a segment with Byrd. It often closed with 2-way conversations between New York and Little America featuring family, acquaintances, experts, or New York hosts conversing with explorers. This sponsored program's design clearly answered Hoover's public interest requirements and added educational emphasis in 1934 at a time of hearings over educational broadcasting.
TL;DR: The authors performed a critical analysis of both interviews to better understand the tensions between apologia discourse and political talk radio and the influence of talk and shock radio culture on mainstream news coverage and media culture.
Abstract: In 2007, shock jock Don Imus, while on the air, referred to the Rutgers University women's basketball team as “nappy-headed hos.” His initial apology did little to defuse calls for his firing, so Imus accepted an invitation to appear on civil rights activist Al Sharpton's radio show to address the criticisms. Following the interview, Sharpton appeared on CNN's Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer to discuss his conversation with Imus. This essay performs a close critical analysis of both interviews to better understand the tensions between apologia discourse and political talk radio and the influence of talk and shock radio culture on mainstream news coverage and media culture.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employ a historical framework to consider the broad array of social, cultural, political, and economic contexts that led to divergent outcomes in the early development of broadcasting policy.
Abstract: Using the United States and Great Britain as a comparative case study, this article employs a historical framework to consider the broad array of social, cultural, political, and economic contexts that led to divergent outcomes in the early development of broadcasting policy. This comparative historical analysis reveals the causal chains formed before the 1920s despite a period of post-war contingency. As a policy option, government control was removed in the United States but stayed in place in Britain after the war. This comparative approach can help to explain policy outcomes and inform modern policy debates.
TL;DR: A comparative analysis of The Howard Stern Show before and after his first satellite show examines the cultural relevancy of the program within the context of an increasingly hyper-sexualized, multi-media environment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This article examines the legacy of the shock radio format specifically as it has been defined, and defied, by Howard Stern since his move to satellite radio in 2006. A comparative analysis of The Howard Stern Show before and after his first satellite show examines the cultural relevancy of the program within the context of an increasingly hyper-sexualized, multi-media environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that while the format seems to have decline, the legacies of shock radio have not yet been fully explored in U.S. media culture in the 21st century.
Abstract: What is the current status of shock radio and what legacies has it left for U.S. media culture in the 21st century? The four articles included here argue that while the format seems to have decline...
TL;DR: This article examines the early history of the media remote control, focusing on the technical development of radio remotes in the 1920s and 1930s, offering evidence of a direct patent-based link between the latter and the earliest successful wireless television remote of the 1950s.
Abstract: This article examines the early history of the media remote control, focusing on the technical development of radio remotes in the 1920s and 1930s. Using a co-evolutionary model of technical change, it considers the technical and social conditions that served as the foundation for the first radio remotes. Drawing on patent records, it then examines the development, firstly, of wired radio remotes and, secondly, of wireless radio remotes, offering evidence of a direct patent-based link between the latter and the earliest successful wireless television remote of the 1950s.
TL;DR: This paper examined the cultural content of the Howard Stern Show in order to develop a theory of shock radio and argued that while Stern's sexist and anti-feminist agenda framed his treatment of women's bodies, his broader obsession with bodily excess reflected the particular cultural moment of the late 20th century and the long-term problem of embodiment via the radio medium.
Abstract: Focusing on the period 1999–2003, this study examines the cultural content of the Howard Stern Show in order to develop a theory of shock radio. We argue that while Stern's sexist and anti-feminist agenda framed his treatment of women's bodies, his broader obsession with bodily excess reflected the particular cultural moment of the late 20th century and the long-term problem of embodiment via the radio medium. We draw on Linda William's concept of body genres, M. M. Bakhtin's grotesque body, and recent radio scholarship in order to conceptualize the relationship among the voice, the body, and the medium in shock radio.
TL;DR: In 2011 and 2012, the UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center released three reports as part of a multi-year pilot study on hate speech on talk radio as discussed by the authors, which explored the use of quantitative m...
Abstract: In 2011 and 2012, the UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center released three reports as part of a multi-year pilot study on hate speech on talk radio. Our goal was to explore the use of quantitative m...
TL;DR: An essay on the question of what the success of shock radio in America tells us about the act of listening in public life can be found in this paper, where the authors present an invited essay.
Abstract: An invited essay on the question of what the success of shock radio in America tells us about the act of listening in public life
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of copyright regulation on community radio is reviewed, and the authors draw on a number of case studies of U.S.-based community radio stations, and form part of a larger study of the changing structure of that sector, showing that community radio operators and producers find themselves operating within a range of regulatory frameworks, depending on the platforms (over-the-air or online) on which they place their content.
Abstract: Radio has been regulated in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission, and previously the Federal Radio Commission, since the 1920s. Now, community radio operators and producers find themselves operating within a range of regulatory frameworks, depending on the platforms (over-the-air or online) on which they place their content. This article reviews how the impact of copyright regulation on community radio is changing as that sector expands into internet distribution. The article draws on a number of case studies of U.S.-based community radio stations, and forms part of a larger study of the changing structure of that sector. A significant lesson from this case study is a better understanding of the manner in which community stations are not only negotiating the platforms on which they distribute their content, based in large part on regulatory constraints on different platforms, but also are often fringe actors in policy debates dominated by larger economic groupings, such as corporate ...
TL;DR: A plethora of women shockers had emerged on radio as discussed by the authors, and women sidekicks who had watched from the sidelines began to move to the front of the microphone, becoming the new shock jocks of the 1990s (Carter & Schiffman, 1998; Martin, 1995).
Abstract: By 1982, Howard Stern was gaining national notoriety with female sidekick Robin Quivers who joined the show a year earlier. Meanwhile, number one afternoon personality Carolyn Fox was shaking up New England listeners with her outrageous talk on sex and politics, and then there were her pranks. Best known for her April 1st joke, she announced on 1986 that the city of Providence was closed, and told everyone to go home. In 1995, Fox was invited to speak on her success as an afternoon radio personality at the National Association of Broadcasters Radio Convention. She was the only female on the panel (Carter & Schiffman, 1998; Martin, 1995). In 2009, she was inducted into the Rhode Island Radio Hall of Fame, honored for her ‘‘shock radio’’ antics (Perreault, 2009). Others followed her path, including Denver’s Caroline Corley, San Francisco’s Sara Clark, Detroit’s Kelly Walker, and Austin’s female morning team, Jenn Garrison and Sara Trexler, to become the new shock jocks of the 1990s (Carter & Schiffman, 1998; Messer, 2001). Most of these women shockers were morning hosts, and most began their careers as sidekicks or night personalities in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Hilliard & Keith, 2006; Johnson, 2004; Johnson & Grubb, 2003). Trexler, who began her career in 1986, was selected as Billboard Magazine’s Small Market Local Air Personality of the Year in 1999. Also a product of the nineties was Canadian Darian O’Toole, who studied Stern’s style and technique, and made it her goal to emulate his success (Berton, 2008; Guthmann, 1997). By 2000, Liz Wilde became infamous for charging the national airwaves across more than 30 syndicate stations with controversial talk, emulating those of her shock jock predecessors. In the 1990s she had worked on-air in Miami, Cleveland, Chicago, Boston, and Los Angeles (Johnson & Grubb, 2004). A plethora of women shockers had emerged on radio. Political comedian/actress/talk show host Stephanie Miller had her roots in shock talk radio (Michaelson, 2000; Puig, 1995). Women sidekicks who had watched from the sidelines began to move to the front of the microphone. Female personalities began to vocalize that they could be as rude
TL;DR: The authors examines Michael Savage and his program The Savage Nation as exemplary of this latest variant of shock radio, ultimately arguing that the proliferation of hate speech in politically-oriented programming is a result of the contemporary cultural and regulatory climate.
Abstract: Comedic iterations of shock radio gained notoriety by pushing the boundaries of decency via sexually oriented speech. In recent years, the same shock aesthetics have been adapted to political talk shows, where hate speech now proliferates. This article examines Michael Savage and his program The Savage Nation as exemplary of this latest variant of shock radio, ultimately arguing that the proliferation of hate speech in politically-oriented programming is a result of the contemporary cultural and regulatory climate.