Showing papers in "Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs in 1975"
TL;DR: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and a shortened 13-item version can reliably be used as self-administered questionnaires.
Abstract: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and a shortened 13-item version can reliably be used as self-administered questionnaires.
1,511 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that becoming a drinker is an integral aspect of the process of adolscent development.
Abstract: Junior and senior high-school students were studied over a 4-year period. The likelihood of drinking was directly related to the degree of transition- or problem-proneness, and a developmental relationship between onset of drinking and other socipsychological attributes was found. It is concluded that becoming a drinker is an integral aspect of the process of adolscent development.
364 citations
TL;DR: A review of 384 studies of psychologically oriented alcoholism treatment showed that differences in treatment methods did not significantly affect long-term outcome as discussed by the authors, suggesting that formal treatment at least increases an alcoholic's chances of reducing his drinking problem.
Abstract: A review of 384 studies of psychologically oriented alcoholism treatment showed that differences in treatment methods did not significantly affect long-term outcome. Mean abstinence rates did not differ between treated and untreated alcoholics, but more treated than nontreated alcoholics improved, suggesting that formal treatment at least increases an alcoholic's chances of reducing his drinking problem.
298 citations
TL;DR: Suggestions for additional studies involving factors motivating drinking in women, theories of personality, new treatment methods, and differentiation between subgroups of women alcoholics are discussed.
Abstract: Research on social-history variables, personality characteristics, social roles and role confusion, and possible treatment methods for women alcoholics is reviewed. Suggestions for additional studies involving factors motivating drinking in women, theories of personality, new treatment methods, and differentiation between subgroups of women alcoholics are discussed.
222 citations
TL;DR: Current research on the effects on offspring of drinking during pregnancy has revived interest in an extremely old topic and a relationship between maternal drinking and abnormal morphogenesis has been again described.
Abstract: Current research on the effects on offspring of drinking during pregnancy has revived interest in an extremely old topic. Observations made during England's Gin Epidemic (1720-1750) were followed by warnings of 19th-century medical writers that parental drinking could damage the fetus. Many concurring studies were reported in the medical literature from 1865 to 1920. Research interest declined during Prohibition, and authorities later discounted the previous work. Recently a relationship between maternal drinking and abnormal morphogenesis has been again described.
200 citations
166 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of the use of coping behavior by wives of alcoholics was found to be related to their husband's drinking outcome and some components of copingbehavior were more likely than others to be linked with a poor prognosis.
Abstract: The frequency of the use of coping behavior by wives of alcoholics was found to be related to their husband's drinking outcome. In general, a high frequency of coping behavior was associated with a poor outcome, but some components of coping behavior were more likely than others to be linked with a poor prognosis.
148 citations
TL;DR: The probability of arrest while driving at a blood alcohol level over 0.10% was .0058 (about 1 in 200).
Abstract: The probability of arrest while driving at a blood alcohol level over 0.10% was .0058 (about 1 in 200).
118 citations
TL;DR: Different systems for measuring drinking behavior were reviewed and compared, and a revised system based on volume and pattern was devised, and its utility in predicting social adjustment was tested.
Abstract: Different systems for measuring drinking behavior were reviewed and compared A revised system based on volume and pattern was devised, and its utility in predicting social adjustment was tested
102 citations
TL;DR: The over-all ratings assigned by first- and second-year medical students and housestaff (residents and interns) to alcoholics on a 16-adjectivee bipolar semantic differential measure differed significantly.
Abstract: The over-all ratings assigned by first- and second-year medical students and housestaff (residents and interns) to alcoholics on a 16-adjectivee bipolar semantic differential measure differed significantly. Mean ratings by the housestaff were lowest and the ratings by the second-year students were lower than those of the first-year students on 5 of the 6 adjective pairs on which the groups differed significantly.
91 citations
TL;DR: Specific drinking problems were remeasured in a panel study after a 20-year interval to assess the nature of the problems at both measurement points and the associations between them.
Abstract: Specific drinking problems were remeasured in a panel study after a 20-year interval. The nature of the problems at both measurement points is assessed and the associations between them explored.
TL;DR: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was administered to 200 persons arrested for driving while intoxicated, but several questions assessing severe alcoholism symptoms did not consistenly differentiate between the 2 groups.
Abstract: The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was administered to 200 persons arrested for driving while intoxicated. Most items adequately discriminated between problem and nonproblem drinkers, but several questions assessing severe alcoholism symptoms did not consistenly differentiate between the 2 groups.
TL;DR: The historical search for meaningful relationships between alcoholism and schizophrenia is reviewed and the results are considered inconclusive and further lines of research are suggested.
Abstract: The historical search for meaningful relationships between alcoholism and schizophrenia is reviewed The results are considered inconclusive and further lines of research are suggested
TL;DR: Men social drinkers participated in experimental "parties" which were videotaped and coded for instances of interpersonal aggression, and participants with a history of arguments and other aggressive acts and low scores on measures of socialization, self-control and responsibility demonstrated interpersonal aggression after heavy drinking.
Abstract: Men social drinkers participated in experimental "parties' which were videotaped and coded for instances of interpersonal aggression. Participants with a history of arguments and other aggressive acts and low scores on measures of socialization, self-control and responsibility demonstrated interpersonal aggression after heavy drinking.
TL;DR: Observations of patrons in beer parlors in Vancouver, British Columbia, indicate that the rate of drinking is relatively constant.
Abstract: Observations of patrons in beer parlors in Vancouver, British Columbia, indicate that the rate of drinking is relatively constant. Total consumption and blood alcohol concentration depended primarily on duration of the occasion, which in turn was related to size of the drinking group.
TL;DR: Perusal of the lists of references at the ends of many articles published in this Jova•AL testifies to the exclusiveness of the interests of many contributors in the case of the subspecialty of "alcoholism and marriage."
Abstract: OTH gains a d losses ar tobe had from e phasizing alcohol and alcoholism studies as a specialty. Prominent among the losses is the danger that the "alcohologist" will be so much impressed by the specifics of his chosen field of study that he will neglect to draw parallels with other fields. The process of induction from observations of particular instances to the statement of general principles is thereby hindered. Perusal of the lists of references at the ends of many articles published in this Jova•AL testifies to the exclusiveness of the interests of many contributors. Nowhere is this more apparent han in the case of the subspecialty of "alcoholism and marriage." In her much-quoted review Bailey (2) commented upon the absence of cross-fertilization between general research on marriage and the family on the one hand, and more specialized research on alcoholism and marriage and the family on the other hand. However, she quoted only two references which were not specific to alcohol and alcoholism; and more recently Edwards et al. (27), in their review, make no mention whatsoever of general writings or research on the subject of marriage and the family.
TL;DR: In smokers a low dose of alcohol slightly improved decision time on a choice reaction-time task and in combination with tobacco resulted in significant improvement compared with placebo conditions, while in nonsmokers decision time deteriorated significantly after a moderate dose ofalcohol but not in smokers.
Abstract: In smokers a low dose of alcohol slightly improved decision time on a choice reaction-time task and in combination with tobacco resulted in significant improvement compared with placebo conditions. In nonsmokers decision time deteriorated significantly after a moderate dose of alcohol but not in smokers. The results are attributed to the stimulant action of a smoking dose of nicotine interacting with low levels of alcohol.
TL;DR: All the alcoholics and the relatives had an SS phenotype, when analyzed for complement C3, compared with a prevalence rate of about 50% in other studies, and a lower prevalence of the S antigen in the nonalcoholic relatives.
Abstract: Sera from alcoholics and their nonalcoholic first-degree relatives were analyzed for 11 serological markers. A lower prevalence of the S antigen in the nonalcoholic relatives and linkage in repulsion between the D gene of the Rh system and alcoholism were found. All the alcoholics and the relatives had an SS phenotype, when analyzed for complement C3, compared with a prevalence rate of about 50% in other studies. The first two associations involve blood groups, the latter a serum protein.
TL;DR: Veterans admitted to a 90-day alcoholism treatment program were administered the MMPI, and those who completed the program were retested before discharge, and neither the MacAndrew nor the Unitary Alcoholism Factor differentiated between completers and noncompleters.
Abstract: Veterans admitted to a 90-day alcoholism treatment program were administered the MMPI, and those who completed the program were retested before discharge. Completers differed significantly from noncompleters on the Pd scale. Although responses on most MMPI scales indicated improvement after treatment, those on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale were not affected. Neither the MacAndrew nor the Unitary Alcoholism Factor differentiated between completers and noncompleters.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the questionnaire could be used as an initial diagnostic step leading to specific treatment alternatives in problem and nonproblem drinkers.
Abstract: Problem and nonproblem drinkers indicated on a questionnaire the degree to which they used alcohol in certain situations. The responses were factor analyzed and seven factor scales were developed. It is suggested that the questionnaire could be used as an initial diagnostic step leading to specific treatment alternatives.
TL;DR: A comparison of the number of collisions experienced by young male drivers in London, Ontario, before and after the reduction in the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages from 21 to 18 indicated that the change in the law led to an increase in the collision involvement of young drivers.
Abstract: A comparison of the number of collisions experienced by young male drivers in London, Ontario, before and after the reduction in the legal age for drinking and purchasing alcoholic beverages from 21 to 18, indicated that the change in the law led to an increase in the collision involvement of young drivers.
TL;DR: Improvement in intellectual, perceptual-motor and personality functioning was observed in men alcoholics after 30 and 60 days of treatment, and four consistent personality clusters were identified.
Abstract: Improvement in intellectual, perceptual-motor and personality functioning was observed in men alcoholics after 30 and 60 days of treatment. On the basis of results with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, four consistent personality clusters were identified.
TL;DR: Performance on a Critical Tracking Task decreased significantly as blood alcohol levels increased and was associated with poorer performance on a critical tracking task.
Abstract: Performance on a Critical Tracking Task decreased significantly as blood alcohol levels increased.
TL;DR: Age, height, plasma alcohol, smoking, and the number of cigarettes smoked by men during social-drinking situations were significantly related to change in testosterone levels.
Abstract: Plasma alcohol concentrations and the number of cigarettes smoked by men during social-drinking situations were significantly related to change in testosterone levels. Age, height, plasma alcohol and smoking were related to self-reports of prior assault and verbal aggression. Agression was not related to testosterone concentration.
TL;DR: Analysis of the responses of graduate students, professional social service agency workers and community residents to scales measuring attitudes and beliefs about alcohol and alcoholism suggests that the professionals tend to reflect the opinions and biases of the community within which they work.
Abstract: Analysis of the responses of graduate students, professional social service agency workers and community residents to scales measuring attitudes and beliefs about alcohol and alcoholism suggests that the professionals tend to reflect the opinions and biases of the community within which they work. The results are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the multidimensional model of attitude structure for comparing attitudes among various groups and the implications for professional and community education programs.
TL;DR: The literature pertaining to the use of implanted disulfiram as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of alcoholism is reviewed.
Abstract: The literature pertaining to the use of implanted disulfiram as a therapeutic modality in the treatment of alcoholism is reviewed.
TL;DR: At 3 and 6 months after discharge no differences in abstinence rates were found between patients who completed a 9-day inpatient alcoholism treatment program and those who participated in a 21-day treatment program.
Abstract: At 3 and 6 months after discharge no differences in abstinence rates were found between patients who completed a 9-day inpatient alcoholism treatment program and those who participated in a 21-day treatment program.
TL;DR: A review of the literature in behavior therapy for alcoholism suggests that broad-spectrum approaches based on analysis of the specific stimuli which trigger excessive drinking in individual patients are more effective than conventional methods.
Abstract: A review of the literature in behavior therapy for alcoholism suggests that broad-spectrum approaches based on analysis of the specific stimuli which trigger excessive drinking in individual patients are more effective than conventional methods It appears too that controlled drinking is a reasonable treatment goal for some alcoholics
TL;DR: Estimates can be derived on the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the 1957-71 period, including urban and rural consumption, expenditures, tax revenues, imports and exports and use of agricultural products.
Abstract: The Soviet government has published few official statistics on alcoholic beverages. Using Soviet statistical, commerical and technical sources, however, estimates can be derived on the production and consumption of alcoholic beverages during the 1957-71 period, including urban and rural consumption, expenditures, tax revenues, imports and exports and use of agricultural products.