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Showing papers in "Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs in 1978"


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Jessor et al. as discussed by the authors used a longitudinal study of adolescents and youths in American society in the late 1960s and early 1970s to study problem-behavior trajectories of change over time in personality, social environment, and behavior.
Abstract: Jessor R; Jessor SL New York, New York, Academic Press, 1977. xv, 281 p. This study is the 2nd phase of a long-term program of research on problem behavior. The approach to theory testing involves a longitudinal design. The study plots trajectories of change over time in personality, social environment, and behavior, and uses the theory to forecast important transitions--beginning to drink, starting to use marijuana, and becoming a nonvirgin. The book has 4 main sections: 1) an introductory chapter and a chapter describing problem-behavior theory and research design and method, 2) the crosssectional findings and their bearing on the theory, 3) the longitudinal findings, and 4) studies of socialization and conclusions. Using adolescents and youths in American society in the late 1960s and early 1970s, this research represents a logical continuation of a long term interest in problem behavior and a recognition that what was going on among youth and in the student movement can be viewed from a problem-behavior perspective. This high school study began in the spring of 1969 with grades 7, 8, and 9; by the end of the study in 1972, these participants had all made the transition from junior to senior high school of grades 10, 11, and 12. Each year, each participant completed a 50 page questionnaire inquiring about their drug use, sexual behavior, alcohol drinking, and the problem behavior associated with excessive use of alcohol. Some of the major findings suggest that: 1) the prevalence of problem behaviors is substantial at the college level, and while much lower, sizable at the high school level; 2) personal controls appear to be most influential in relation to the set of problem behaviors, motivationalinstigations are next, and personal beliefs are least; 3) the adolescent who is less likely to engage in problem behavior is one who values academic achievement and expects to do well academically; 4) within the distal structure, the variables that indicate whether a youth is parentWe use cookies on this site to enhanc your user experience

1,245 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The modern conception of alcoholism as a progressive, addictive disease dates from the late 18th century, but by the mid-1800s it had become an integral part of American Temperance thought, as did the belief that total abstinence offered the only remedy for intemperance.
Abstract: The modern conception of alcoholism as a progressive, addictive disease dates from the late 18th century. By the mid-1800s it had become an integral part of American Temperance thought, as did the belief that total abstinence offered the only remedy for intemperance.

589 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The construction of a profile instrument for the quantification of beer, wine and distilled spirits consumption, based on the reported use of 2303 men and women, is presented.
Abstract: The construction of a profile instrument for the quantification of beer, wine and distilled spirits consumption, based on the reported use of 2303 men and women, is presented.

242 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A profile, developed using multivariate analysis of psychosocial data from a national survey of adolescent drinking, indicated that problem drinking was part of a general adaptation to self, others and circumstances rather than an isolated activity.
Abstract: A profile, developed using multivariate analysis of psychosocial data from a national survey of adolescent drinking, indicated that problem drinking was part of a general adaptation to self, others and circumstances rather than an isolated activity.

238 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Familial relationships in 11 families in which 1 parent is an alcoholic are discussed in the context of literature on the children of alcoholics.
Abstract: Familial relationships in 11 families in which 1 parent is an alcoholic are discussed in the context of literature on the children of alcoholics.

130 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A scale measuring locus of control in relation to drinking behavior found significant differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics, while a scale measuring Location of Control in gerneral did not.
Abstract: A scale measuring locus of control in relation to drinking behavior found significant differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics, while a scale measuring locus of control in gerneral did not.

128 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Literature on the personality characteristics of spouses ofalcoholics, on the psychosocial status of children of alcoholics and on alcoholic-spouse and alcoholic--family interactions is reviewed.
Abstract: Literature on the personality characteristics of spouses of alcoholics, on the psychosocial status of children of alcoholics and on alcoholic-spouse and alcoholic--family interactions is reviewed.

99 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The self-esteem of women alcoholics was lower than that of men alcoholics and of "normal" women nonalcoholics but was similar to that of women in treatment for psychiatric disorders not related to the misuse of alcohol or drugs.
Abstract: The self-esteem of women alcoholics was lower than that of men alcoholics and of "normal" women nonalcoholics but was similar to that of women in treatment for psychiatric disorders not related to the misuse of alcohol or drugs.

96 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Patients who are difficult to follow up after alcoholism treatment have poorer treatment outcome than do patients who are followed up more easily.
Abstract: Patients who are difficult to follow up after alcoholism treatment have poorer treatment outcome than do patients who are followed up more easily.

88 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Alcoholics having a family history of alcoholism tended to drink at an earlier age and to have more social and personal problems than do alcoholics not having a Family History of alcoholism.
Abstract: Alcoholics having a family history of alcoholism tended to drink at an earlier age and to have more social and personal problems than do alcoholics not having a family history of alcoholism.

85 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The blood:breath alcohol ratio, commonly used to translate the result of breath alcohol analysis into the co-existing blood alcohol concentration, varies from person to person and within one person over time.
Abstract: The blood:breath alcohol ratio, commonly used to translate the result of breath alcohol analysis into the co-existing blood alcohol concentration, varies from person to person and within one person over time.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: According to their scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, close to one-third of the homosexual men surveyed in four urban areas of Kansas were alcoholics.
Abstract: According to their scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, close to one-third of the homosexual men surveyed in four urban areas of Kansas were alcoholics.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in studies of the personality characteristics of alcoholics, marital interaction and alcoholism, alcoholism scales, and treatment outcome is reviewed.
Abstract: The use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in studies of the personality characteristics of alcoholics, marital interaction and alcoholism, alcoholism scales, and treatment outcome is reviewed.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: It is concluded that the central element of the theory, that the mean and rate of heavy consumption are closely related, is irrefutable, and recommendations for a prevention program are outlined.
Abstract: It is concluded that the central element of the theory, that the mean and rate of heavy consumption are closely related, is irrefutable, and recommendations for a prevention program are outlined.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In a study of three groups of subjects, attitudes toward drinking were positively related to drinking behavior, and personal, but not social, normative beliefs were useful predictors of drinking.
Abstract: In a study of three groups of subjects, attitudes toward drinking were positively related to drinking behavior, and personal, but not social, normative beliefs were useful predictors of drinking.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In an experimental "party" situation socially anxious subjects and subjects who received negative social evaluations drank less beer and had lower blood alcohol concentrations than did subjects who were not socially anxious or who received positive evaluations.
Abstract: In an experimental "party" situation socially anxious subjects and subjects who received negative social evaluations drank less beer and had lower blood alcohol concentrations than did subjects who were not socially anxious or who received positive evaluations.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Among White, Black and Spanish-American girls who drink, rejection of traditional femininity was associated with drinking more, more symptomatically, and with more problem consequences.
Abstract: Attitudes toward traditional feminine ideals did not distinguish adolescent girls who drink from those who do not drink. However, among White, Black and Spanish-American girls who drink, rejection of traditional femininity was associated with drinking more, more symptomatically, and with more problem consequences.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: No strong temporal associations were found between the occurrence of stressful life events and the onset of alcohol problems.
Abstract: No strong temporal associations were found between the occurrence of stressful life events and the onset of alcohol problems.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A factor analysis of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test completed by motorists arrested for driving while intoxicated demonstrated four independent dimensions of alcoholic symptomatology--Help-Seeking, Discord, Alienation and Denial.
Abstract: A factor analysis of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test completed by motorists arrested for driving while intoxicated demonstrated four independent dimensions of alcoholic symptomatology--Help-Seeking, Discord, Alienation and Denial.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The conceptual framework and empirical basis of the distribution model are examined, and it is concluded that a more satisfactory model is required.
Abstract: The conceptual framework and empirical basis of the distribution model are examined, and it is concluded that a more satisfactory model is required.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The effects of alcohol on performance were investigated in 10 men and 10 women and minor gender-related effects ofalcohol were found on 4 psychomotor tasks.
Abstract: The effects of alcohol on performance were investigated in 10 men and 10 women. On 4 psychomotor tasks minor gender-related effects of alcohol were found.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Violence is more than twice as likely to occur in families with rather than without alcohol problems, according to new research.
Abstract: Violence is more than twice as likely to occur in families with rather than without alcohol problems.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Either victim or rapist or both were drinking prior to 72% of the rapes occurring in Winnipeg from 1966 through 1975, and the presence of alcohol increased the likelihood that the victim would be injured prior to sexual intercourse.
Abstract: Either victim or rapist or both were drinking prior to 72% of the rapes occurring in Winnipeg from 1966 through 1975, and the presence of alcohol increased the likelihood that the victim would be injured prior to sexual intercourse.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Detection of signals in a visual vigilance task decreased significantly after drinking 1.2 g of alcohol per kg, and two mechanisms for the detection decrement are discussed.
Abstract: Detection of signals in a visual vigilance task decreased significantly after drinking 1.2 g of alcohol per kg. Two mechanisms for the detection decrement are discussed.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Participation in aftercare activities during the first 3 months following discharge from inpatient treatment had a positive effect on outcome at 3 months and 6 months, but participation decreased between 3 and6 months as patients who were doing best began to drop out of the aftercare system.
Abstract: Participation in aftercare activities during the first 3 months following discharge from inpatient treatment had a positive effect on outcome at 3 months and 6 months, but participation decreased between 3 and 6 months as patients who were doing best began to drop out of the aftercare system.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Stress-related misuse of alcohol or drugs appears to be impulsive and may reflect conflict, learned helplessness or an attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance.
Abstract: Stress-related misuse of alcohol or drugs appears to be impulsive and may reflect conflict, learned helplessness or an attempt to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test completed by both patients and members of their families did not differ significantly; the scores indicated agreement with a psychiatric diagnosis of alcoholism in 70% of the cases.
Abstract: Scores on the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test completed by both patients and members of their families did not differ significantly; the scores indicated agreement with a psychiatric diagnosis of alcoholism in 70% of the cases.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Following the ingestion of alcohol, Orientals experienced smaller decreases in serum hydrocortisone levels than did Occidentals.
Abstract: Following the ingestion of alcohol, Orientals experienced smaller decreases in serum hydrocortisone levels than did Occidentals.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Correlations between patients' and spouses' reports of drinking were modest when relatively precise measures of Drinking were used but stronger when more global measures were used.
Abstract: Correlations between patients' and spouses' reports of drinking were modest when relatively precise measures of drinking were used but stronger when more global measures were used.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Data from a national survey of junior and senior high-school students and a survey of adults in Boston indicate that the frequency of drinking increases with age and the average quantity consumed on each occasion decreases with age.
Abstract: Data from a national survey of junior and senior high-school students and a survey of adults in Boston indicate that the frequency of drinking increases with age and the average quantity consumed on each occasion decreases with age.