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Showing papers in "Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs in 1983"


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Men and women classified as problem drinkers while adolescents or college students (1972-1973) tended to be nonproblem drinkers as young adults (1979), although young men tend to be at greater risk than young women to maintain problem drinking.
Abstract: Men and women classified as problem drinkers while adolescents or college students (1972-1973) tended to be nonproblem drinkers as young adults (1979), although young men tend to be at greater risk than young women to maintain problem drinking. Those whose earlier personality, perceived-environment and behavior scores indicated greater theoretical proneness for problem behavior were significantly more likely as young adults to be involved in problem drinking.

347 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In this article, five broad categories of psychosocial variables contributing to the risk of traffic accidents are reviewed: demographic characteristics, excessive alcohol use, personality traits, acute states of emotional distress and driving-related attitudes.
Abstract: Literature concerned with five broad categories of psychosocial variables contributing to the risk of traffic accidents is reviewed: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) excessive alcohol use, (3) personality traits, (4) acute states of emotional distress and (5) driving-related attitudes. A theoretical cognitive-behavioral model is presented in an attempt to integrate the results concerning the influence of these different factors.

204 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The level of substance use by adolescent students and adolescents beginning treatment for alcohol anddrug problems was related differentially to perceived psychological distress, self-concept, perceived parental environment, and negative events and behaviors caused by alcohol and drug use.
Abstract: The level of substance use by adolescent students and adolescents beginning treatment for alcohol and drug problems was related differentially to perceived psychological distress, self-concept, perceived parental environment, and negative events and behaviors caused by alcohol and drug use. These measures combined with selected sociodemographic variables to predict with a high degree of accuracy the level of substance use by the respondents.

123 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: It is concluded that moderation-oriented approaches hold at least as much promise as abstinence-oriented methods in treating less dependent problem drinkers.
Abstract: The history of the controlled drinking controversy is traced, and relevant research is reviewed. It is concluded that moderation-oriented approaches hold at least as much promise as abstinence-oriented methods in treating less dependent problem drinkers.

101 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Fifty-three percent of patients injured in accidental falls in the evening in Helsinki and 15% of time-, site- and sex-matched control pedestrians were alcohol-involved.
Abstract: Fifty-three percent of patients injured in accidental falls in the evening in Helsinki and 15% of time-, site- and sex-matched control pedestrians were alcohol-involved. Relative risk of injury, if 1.0 at zero BAC, was 3 at BACS 60-100 mg/100 ml, 10 at 101-150 mg/100 ml and about 60 at BACS above that.

91 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Six-month outcomes for alcohol misusers assigned to extended inpatient hospitalization and to partial hospitalization were comparable for alcohol consumption and social and vocational roles, but the subjective well-being of partial hospital patients was greater and their treatment costs were lower.
Abstract: Six-month outcomes for alcohol misusers assigned to extended inpatient hospitalization and to partial hospitalization were comparable for alcohol consumption and social and vocational roles. However, the subjective well-being of partial hospital patients was greater and their treatment costs were lower.

85 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The personality profiles of alcoholics as derived from four objective inventories--the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personality Research Form and the Differential Personality Inventory--are reviewed.
Abstract: The personality profiles of alcoholics as derived from four objective inventories--the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personality Research Form and the Differential Personality Inventory--are reviewed. An overall consistency of results is seen which interfaces with known clinical entities from other areas of mental health research.

79 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In a carefully controlled drinking situation there was great individual variation in peak blood alcohol concentrations (BACS) for given doses of alcohol, and alcohol nomograms and tables based on average results from such studies could be misleading.
Abstract: In a carefully controlled drinking situation there was great individual variation in peak blood alcohol concentrations (BACS) for given doses of alcohol. Alcohol nomograms and tables based on average results from such studies could be misleading since they could frequently result in serious underestimates or overestimates of peak BACS.

71 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Factor analysis identified nine distinct contextual-motivational factors for drinking in 1517 healthy men that were significant predictors of level of alcohol consumption and discriminated subjects reporting drinking problems from those reporting no problems.
Abstract: Factor analysis identified nine distinct contextual-motivational factors for drinking in 1517 healthy men. These factors were significant predictors of level of alcohol consumption and discriminated subjects reporting drinking problems from those reporting no problems.

69 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The drinking settings and companions of college students were studied in relation to the students' gender, year in school, academic standing, work status and residence status.
Abstract: The drinking settings and companions of college students were studied in relation to the students' gender, year in school, academic standing, work status and residence status. The relationship between year in school and the quantity and frequency of consumption of specific types of alcoholic beverages was also studied.

69 citations


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: According to a national survey, adolescent drinking patterns appear to have remained relatively stable in the last half decade and among those aged 16-18, 73% are drinkers.
Abstract: According to a national survey, adolescent drinking patterns appear to have remained relatively stable in the last half decade. Among those aged 16-18, 73% are drinkers; drinking and drunkenness continue to be age- and sex-graded phenomena.


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A modified version of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS) was administered in a telephone survey and in a longitudinal study and indicated acceptable reliability and validity but scores may be unstable in the long run because of the transient nature of alcohol misuse.
Abstract: A modified version of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS) was administered in a telephone survey and in a longitudinal study. Results indicated acceptable reliability and validity in the AAIS but scores may be unstable in the long run because of the transient nature of alcohol misuse among many adolescents.

Journal Article•DOI•
David Levy1, Neil Sheflin•
TL;DR: The present study estimates the demand for all alcoholic beverages, finding a stable relationship over a 40-year period, and policy implications are discussed.
Abstract: A problem in earlier studies of the demand for beer, wine and distilled spirits was determining the effect on one category of alcoholic beverage of price changes in other categories. The present study estimates the demand for all alcoholic beverages, finding a stable relationship over a 40-year period. Policy implications are also discussed.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The relationships between attitudes toward alcohol and actual drinking behavior were examined and heavy drinkers believed that drinking heavily resulted in positive experiences.
Abstract: The relationships between attitudes toward alcohol and actual drinking behavior were examined. Attitudes toward specific drinking behaviors correlated better with those behaviors than did more global attitudes. Heavy drinkers believed that drinking heavily resulted in positive experiences.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability and this drinking in america a history tells you will add more knowledge to life and work better.
Abstract: From the combination of knowledge and actions, someone can improve their skill and ability. It will lead them to live and work much better. This is why, the students, workers, or even employers should have reading habit for books. Any book will give certain knowledge to take all benefits. This is what this drinking in america a history tells you. It will add more knowledge of you to life and work better. Try it and prove it.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The combination of marihuana and alcohol yielded significant impairment during a driving test but neither drug alone did.
Abstract: The combination of marihuana and alcohol yielded significant impairment during a driving test but neither drug alone did.


Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Among 1929 alcoholics, the number of alcoholic biological parents was directly related to elevations on MMPI measures of psychopathology, especially aggression.
Abstract: Among 1929 alcoholics, the number of alcoholic biological parents was directly related to elevations on MMPI measures of psychopathology, especially aggression. Subjects with only alcoholic fathers did not differ from subjects with only alcoholic mothers, nor did the personality measures reveal any sex-of-child by sex-of-alcoholic-parent interactions.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The original consumption was the best regressor of the recalled consumption, but the magnitude and direction of error in remembering the original consumption varied considerably.
Abstract: At a reinterview after 18 years, 67 men overestimated their past alcohol consumption by an average of 76%. The original consumption was the best regressor of the recalled consumption, but the magnitude and direction of error in remembering the original consumption varied considerably.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Children's perceptions of social drinking norms for men, women and children are established at least as early as age 6, but their feelings about drinking develop more slowly, becoming increasingly negative with age.
Abstract: Children's perceptions of social drinking norms for men, women and children are established at least as early as age 6, but their feelings about drinking develop more slowly, becoming increasingly negative with age.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A significant association between maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy and decreased muscle tone in the offspring was observed at 9 days but the effect had attenuated by 30 days.
Abstract: When the effects of nicotine consumption were statistically controlled, a significant association between maternal alcohol drinking during pregnancy and decreased muscle tone in the offspring was observed at 9 days but the effect had attenuated by 30 days.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A survey of employed adults in metropolitan Detroit showed that more men than women had alcohol problems but this was largely attributable to the higher percentage of alcohol-dependent drinkers among men.
Abstract: A survey of employed adults in metropolitan Detroit showed that more men than women had alcohol problems but this was largely attributable to the higher percentage of alcohol-dependent drinkers among men There was little difference between the percentages of men and women who could be identified as nondependent problem drinkers

Journal Article•DOI•
Roseann Hannon, C L Day, A M Butler, A J Larson, M Casey 
TL;DR: Decreased cognitive performance was significantly correlated with increased quantity of alcohol per occasion and with total lifetime consumption in both women and men college students tested while sober and in men, however, increased performance on some tasks was increased.
Abstract: Decreased cognitive performance was significantly correlated with increased quantity of alcohol per occasion and with total lifetime consumption in both women and men college students tested while sober. In men, however, increased performance on some tasks was also significantly correlated with increased frequency of drinking.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: An experimental examination of three approaches to alcohol education compared a cognitive program, a decision-making program and a values-clarification program, finding the cognitive program was most positively received and was superior in raising levels of knowledge.
Abstract: An experimental examination of three approaches to alcohol education compared a cognitive program, a decision-making program and a values-clarification program. The cognitive program was most positively received and was superior in raising levels of knowledge; the values-clarification program was least effective, especially as measured by the program's impact on current and expected alcohol use.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: Frequency of drinking occasions appears to be more sensitive than quantity per occasion to social and economic variables, whereas quantity is related only to age and sex.
Abstract: Frequency of drinking occasions appears to be more sensitive than quantity per occasion to social and economic variables, whereas quantity is related only to age and sex.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: The interaction between demographic variables and underreporting of personal alcohol consumption systematically obscured the genuine relationships among demographic variable and alcohol consumption.
Abstract: The interaction between demographic variables and underreporting of personal alcohol consumption systematically obscured the genuine relationships among demographic variables and alcohol consumption.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: A discriminant function method of data analysis revealed that statistically significant predictions could be made regarding AMA discharge, and that certain variables emerge consistently as predictors: a diagnosis involving personality disorder, admission after regular hours, age 20-29, intoxicated on admission, and less likely to have been referred by relatives or legal authorities.
Abstract: A discriminant function method of data analysis revealed that statistically significant predictions could be made regarding AMA discharge, and that certain variables emerge consistently as predictors: a diagnosis involving personality disorder, admission after regular hours, age 20-29, intoxicated on admission, and less likely to have been referred by relatives or legal authorities.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: There were relationships between first-time drunken-driving offenses in an elderly sample and stressful life events, and between the continuation of problem drinking and lower levels of social support.
Abstract: There were relationships between first-time drunken-driving offenses in an elderly sample and stressful life events, and between the continuation of problem drinking and lower levels of social support.

Journal Article•DOI•
TL;DR: In two college samples, resistance to peer pressure to drink and desire to refrain from drinking correlated with variables in the college environment but not with personal background variables.
Abstract: In two college samples, resistance to peer pressure to drink and desire to refrain from drinking correlated with variables in the college environment but not with personal background variables.