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Showing papers in "Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs in 2020"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Examination of changes in drinking as a result of campus closure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focusing on the influence of living situation, suggests returning to live with parents during emerging adulthood may be protective for heavy drinking.
Abstract: Objective:It is well established that college students increase their drinking when they leave home. This study examined changes in drinking as a result of campus closure due to coronavirus disease...

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Responses to PWUD that go beyond treatment--such as decriminalization and providing a safe supply of pharmaceutical-grade drugs--could reduce impacts of this syndemic.
Abstract: People who use drugs (PWUD) face concurrent public health emergencies from overdoses, HIV, hepatitis C, and COVID-19, leading to an unprecedented syndemic. Responses to PWUD that go beyond treatment--such as decriminalization and providing a safe supply of pharmaceutical-grade drugs--could reduce impacts of this syndemic. Solutions already implemented for COVID-19, such as emergency safe-supply prescribing and providing housing to people experiencing homelessness, must be sustained once COVID-19 is contained. This pandemic is not only a public health crisis but also a chance to develop and maintain equitable and sustainable solutions to the harms associated with the criminalization of drug use.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Applying new evidence-informed AWLs in the sole government-run liquor store in Whitehorse, Yukon was associated with reduced population alcohol consumption, consistent with an accumulating impact of the addition of varying and highly visible labels with impactful messages.
Abstract: Objective:There is limited evidence that alcohol warning labels (AWLs) affect population alcohol consumption. New evidence informed AWLs were introduced in the sole government-run liquor store in W...

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In a real-world setting, cancer warning labels get noticed and increase knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer.
Abstract: Objective:This study tested the initial and continued effects of cancer warning labels on drinkers’ recall and knowledge that alcohol can cause cancer.Method:A quasi-experiment was conducted to exa...

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is illustrated how alcohol industry groups seek to keep their customers in the dark about alcohol-related cancer risks by placing cancer warnings on alcohol containers.
Abstract: Objective:Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared alcohol a Class 1 carcinogen 30 years ago, few governments have communicated this fact to the public. We illustrate how alcohol indus...

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review augments existing evidence that harm typically increases after extensions in on-license alcohol trading hours and provides new evidence that alcohol-related harm decreases when on- and off-license trading hours are restricted.
Abstract: Objective:We undertook a systematic review to assess the effects of extensions and restrictions in trading hours of on- and off-license alcohol outlets. We included new primary studies that help ad...

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings suggest that guidelines of around one drink per day may be appropriate for high-income countries, and drinkers following weekly LRDGs are not insulated from harm.
Abstract: Objective Many countries propose low-risk drinking guidelines (LRDGs) to mitigate alcohol-related harms. North American LRDGs are high by international standards. We applied the International Model of Alcohol Harms and Policies (InterMAHP) to quantify the alcohol-caused harms experienced by those drinking within and above these guidelines. We customized a recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) analysis to inform guidelines in high-income countries. Method Record-level death and hospital stay data for Canada were accessed. Alcohol exposure data were from the Canadian Substance Use Exposure Database. InterMAHP was used to estimate alcohol-attributable deaths and hospital stays experienced by people drinking within LRDGs, people drinking above LRDGs, and former drinkers. GBD relative risk functions were acquired and weighted by the distribution of Canadian mortality. Results More men (18%) than women (7%) drank above weekly guidelines. Adherence to guidelines did not eliminate alcohol-caused harm: those drinking within guidelines nonetheless experienced 140 more deaths and 3,663 more hospital stays than if they had chosen to abstain from alcohol. A weighted relative risk analysis found that, for both women and men, the risk was lowest at a consumption level of 10 g per day. For all levels of consumption, men were found to experience a higher weighted relative risk than women. Conclusions Drinkers following weekly LRDGs are not insulated from harm. Greater than 50% of alcohol-caused cancer deaths are experienced by those drinking within weekly limits. Findings suggest that guidelines of around one drink per day may be appropriate for high-income countries.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: News coverage of AWLs with a cancer message was more supportive in Canada than Ireland, where alcohol industry perspectives were consistently foregrounded, and industry arguments opposing the cancer label bore similarities across contexts.
Abstract: Objective:Media coverage of alcohol-related policy measures can influence public debate and is often more aligned with interests of the alcohol industry than public health. The purpose of this stud...

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that higher estimates of drinking were reported retrospectively on the TLFB than on the daily reports, and discrepancies were greater on some variables for heavier drinkers and when more time had elapsed between the end of the daily reporting period and TLFB collection.
Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to compare data on both alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences between intensive longitudinal data collection and the retrospective Timeline Followback (TL...

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Few consumers in this study had key alcohol-related health knowledge; however, there was moderate support for evidence-informed alcohol warning labels as a tool to raise awareness.
Abstract: Objective:Evidence-informed alcohol warning labels (AWLs) are a promising, well-targeted strategy to increase consumer awareness of health risks. We assessed consumers’ baseline knowledge of alcoho...

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that marijuana use may adversely affect cognitive development, especially during the sensitive period of early adolescence, and the need for further prospective work to investigate relationships between early adolescent marijuana use and the development of executive functioning.
Abstract: Objective:This study sought to examine the prospective effects of early adolescent marijuana use on late adolescent attentional and inhibitory control. Alcohol use, antisocial problems, and gender ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Enhanced alcohol labels get noticed and may be an effective population-level strategy for increasing awareness and knowledge of national drinking guidelines.
Abstract: Objective:Alcohol labels are one strategy for communicating health information to consumers. This study tested the extent to which consumers recalled alcohol labels with national drinking guideline...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings suggest the gender-age distribution in deaths to specific opioid types must be considered for effective intervention, as overdose deaths seem to have returned to a historically familiar pattern of dominance by younger males.
Abstract: Objective:Drug overdoses among men have historically outnumbered those among women by a large margin. Yet, U.S. research on the first wave of the opioid epidemic involving prescription opioids has ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There appear to be unpredictable, positive sequelae that ranged from improvements in mental illness symptoms to reduction in physical pain and morphine withdrawal symptoms, and an LSD overdose while in early pregnancy did not appear to cause harm to the fetus.
Abstract: Objective:In academic settings around the world, there is a resurgence of interest in using psychedelic substances for the treatment of addictions, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiet...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is anticipated that acceptance will increase or remain high as research continues to demonstrate improved functioning by those who achieve non-abstinence outcomes, and further evaluation of other client and clinician characteristics that might influence acceptance and rejection of non-ABstinence outcome goals are recommended.
Abstract: Objective:Natural recovery and treatment outcome studies published over the past four decades indicate that some individuals with substance use problems moderate their consumption of alcohol and ot

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This open-access software was used to estimate alcohol-attributable mortality in Canada, which was shown to be substantial and has the potential to assist public health researchers globally in estimating alcohol harms.
Abstract: Objective:Data regarding alcohol-caused health harms are required by policymakers for setting health priorities. However, these estimations are currently resource intensive, and estimates vary subs...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on this policy scale, few states have restrictive policy environments, and although states adopted policies targeting impaired driving during the study period, there was no change in policies to reduce excessive drinking.
Abstract: Objective:U.S. policymakers and public health practitioners lack composite indicators (indices) to assess and compare the restrictiveness of state-level alcohol policy environments, conceptualized ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The extent to which industry actors misused scientific evidence in their submissions to a wide range of alcohol policy consultations in Australia suggests the need for governments to consider excluding the industry from consultation on the regulation of alcohol.
Abstract: Objective:Governments’ limited adoption of evidencebased policies to reduce alcohol-related harm has been partly attributed to alcohol industry influence. A better understanding of industry politic...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heroin use and IDU are higher among students reporting even a few instances of NUPO, indicating that students with any NUPo are an important risk group, and clinical, community, and school-based efforts can address these associations.
Abstract: Objective:We assessed overdose mortality by opioid types involved as well as interrelationships between nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NUPO) and heroin and injection drug use (IDU) among a...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the Amazonian medicine-based therapy may be particularly appealing to more impaired SUD patients with a history of unsuccessful treatment, and an existing interest in such therapies among international SUD treatment-seeking patients.
Abstract: Objective:Complementary medicines are an emergent field in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs) and include Amazonian medicines, such as ayahuasca. The aim of this multimodal cross-secti...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Packaging in which each product unit contained one dose of THC enhanced consumers' ability to identify how much of a product constitutes a standard serving or dose and could reduce the risk of accidental overconsumption of cannabis.
Abstract: Objective:Edible cannabis products have increased in popularity, particularly in jurisdictions that have legalized nonmedical cannabis. Rates of adverse events from cannabis edibles have also incre...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data source triangulation allowed for new explanations for several of the disparate nicotine use estimates between MTF and PATH, finding substantial differences between national surveys estimating population rates of e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking.
Abstract: Objective:We compared estimates of adolescents’ nicotine product use and perceptions of harm from two national surveys: Monitoring the Future (MTF) and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The opioid crisis has increased risks for injection drug use (IDU)-associated HIV outbreaks throughout the United States as discussed by the authors, and polysubstance use and syringe sharing are common among rural peop...
Abstract: Objective:The opioid crisis has increased risks for injection drug use (IDU)–associated HIV outbreaks throughout the United States. Polysubstance use and syringe sharing are common among rural peop...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of this study extend the literature by demonstrating the efficacy of the eCHECKUP TO GO for both males and females on reducing cognitive risk factors and alcohol use, although results were significant for a broader range of variables for females.
Abstract: Objective:The purpose of this randomized controlled study was to examine sex as a moderator of the efficacy of a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention (eCHECKUP TO GO) on decreasing c...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Brief treatment of alcohol dependence in primary care with the 15-method is a feasible and promising approach and noninferiority could not be demonstrated, based on similar trajectories and sustained reduction of alcohol use.
Abstract: Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate if brief treatment for alcohol dependence in primary care with the 15-method was as effective as specialist addiction care. In addition, we so...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The social media regulation in the Finnish 2015 amendment has had an impact on alcohol brands' social media content, but it has not affected marketers' ability to increase consumer engagement.
Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the 2015 law restricting alcohol marketing on social media in Finland.Method:The study compared posts that market alcohol on Finni...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The persistence of an effect on attention despite a period of sustained abstinence highlights the need to carefully investigate patterns of substance use and potential independent and interactive effects on the developing brain.
Abstract: Objective:Despite preliminary evidence of unique acute cognitive and psychopharmacological changes attributable to combined alcohol and cannabis use, few studies have investigated more chronic effe...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strategy of removing liquor stores in residential zones was preferred because it was associated with substantial reductions in homicides without closing unacceptably high numbers of outlets and it is possible that policies that close the bars/taverns operating as liquor stores would be associated with decreases in other types of violent crime.
Abstract: Objective:There are few cost-effectiveness analyses that model alcohol outlet zoning policies. This study determines the potential decreases in homicides, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), an...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ethnic minorities and individuals with mental illness were more likely to remit, which is encouraging given the health disparities observed among these clinically important subgroups and warrants further research.
Abstract: Objective:Using electronic health record (EHR) data from a systematic, primary care–based alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) initiative within a health system,