Showing papers in "Journal of the American Dental Association in 1978"
TL;DR: The data indicate that the scale is a reliable, valid, and useful measure of dental anxiety that can be successfully used in the dental office or in research projects.
Abstract: The Corah dental anxiety scale is shown to be a reliable tool for use in dental offices or research projects for measuring anxiety of dental procedures. Old and new data were considered in an evaluation of the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale. The data indicate that the scale can be used in the dental office or in research projects and is a reliable, valid, and useful measure of anxiety of dental treatment.
711 citations
TL;DR: Methods for eliminating the effect of internal discrepancies which cause a rebound effect, requiring occlusal reduction and adjustment of faulty margins are described, and die spacing provided 25% better retention than when stress areas were not relieved.
Abstract: The effects of several variables—degree of convergence of preparations, cements, occlusal venting, relief by aqua-regia acid etching, and the use of die spacing before fabrication of the wax pattern—on the seating of castings were examined in this study. The frustrations of the incomplete seating of castings are commonly experienced. This study of over 200 castings describes methods for eliminating the effect of internal discrepancies which cause a rebound effect, requiring occlusal reduction and adjustment of faulty margins. Technique variables included preparation convergence, venting, and types of cements used. Die spacing and other relief methods were additionally found to provide space for cement thickness, ensuring improved marginal adaptation. In addition to reducing chair time and improving marginal integrity, die spacing provided 25% better retention than when stress areas were not relieved.
252 citations
TL;DR: Four hundred mandibular first premolars and 400 second premolars were decalcified, injected with dye, and made transparent to determine the number of root canals, their type, the ramifications of the main root canal, the location ofApical foramina and transverse anastomoses, and the frequency of apical deltas.
Abstract: Two or more canals were found in more than a fourth of the mandibular first premolars examined and in less than 3% o f the mandibular second premolars studied. Four hundred mandibular first premolars and 400 mandibular second premolars were decalcified, injected with dye, and made transparent to determine the number of root canals, their type, the ramifications of the main root canal, the location of apical foramina and transverse anastomoses, and the frequency of apical deltas. The mandibular first premolar had one canal at the apex in 74.0% of the teeth, two canals at the apex in 25.5%, and three canals at the apex in 0.5% of the teeth. The mandibular second premolar had one canal at the apex in 97.5% and two canals at the apex in 2.5% of the teeth.
197 citations
TL;DR: Correlation of hypodontia with systemic disease leads to the hypothesis that this frequent dental anomaly may in some cases be a microform of systemic ectodermal dysplasia.
Abstract: Several inherited multisystem dysplasia syndromes are described; congenital partial anodontia unassociated with overt general body symptoms is considered with regard to frequency, location, and sexual differentiation; and current concepts on inheritance patterns are examined for both the generalized dysplasia and specific partial anodontia models. Congenital absence of teeth is a heritable phenomenon probably most often passed to each generation by an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Correlation of hypodontia with systemic disease leads to the hypothesis that this frequent dental anomaly may in some cases be a microform of systemic ectodermal dysplasia.
177 citations
TL;DR: Oral complications in patients being treated for malignancies that were not in the head and neck were studied and mucosal ulcerations, xerostomia, and bacterial and fungal infections were the most frequently encountered oral problems.
Abstract: Thirty-nine percent of 93 randomly selected patients with cancer not of the head and neck had oral complications associated with their treatment. Oral complications in patients being treated for malignancies that were not in the head and neck were studied. Age, type of therapy, and type of malignancy were factors related to the prevalence of oral complications. Mucosal ulcerations, xerostomia, and bacterial and fungal infections were the most frequently encountered oral problems. The frequency of oral complications in these patients indicates the need for an awareness and involvement of dental practitioners in their management.
159 citations
TL;DR: Data confirm and extend previous observations that a limited number of cultivable organisms persist in some lesions but their numbers are few, and they do not appear capable of continuing the destruction of tooth structure.
Abstract: After five years, fewer bacteria were found in carious teeth covered with o sealant than were found in teeth that were not sealed. Carious lesions that were covered with a pit and fissure sealant for five years yielded bacterial cultures that were predominantly negative. Sixteen of 18 test sites judged to have active caries in 1972 were found inactive in 1977; ten of 12 sites suspected to have caries in 1972 were deemed to have inactive cariesin 1977. Sealant treatment resulted in an apparent 89% reversal from a caries-active to a caries-inactive state. These data confirm and extend previous observations that a limited number of cultivable organisms persist in some lesions but their numbers are few, and they do not appear capable of continuing the destruction of tooth structure.
136 citations
TL;DR: The strength of the bond of the cement to tooth structure was similar to polycarboxylate cement, and it appeared to be quite effective in sealing cavities.
Abstract: Glass ionomer cements are a cross between silicate and polycarboxylate cements with properties of each.
136 citations
TL;DR: A survey of 537 dentists in Massachusetts showed that the majority were unaware of their legal and social responsibilities to report suspected cases of child abuse, and general practitioners saw a higher percentage of these cases and were more aware of their responsibilities than were general practitioners.
Abstract: Orofacial trauma was found in 49% of 260 documented cases of child abuse seen during of five-year period at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston. An additional 16% of the cases involved head trauma; the total percentage of head and facial trauma was 65%. Head or facial trauma was the principal reason for admission to the hospital in 45% of the cases. A survey of 537 dentists in Massachusetts showed that the majority were unaware of their legal and social responsibilities to report suspected cases of child abuse. Eleven percent of all dentists surveyed saw orofacial trauma cases that were of a suspicious nature, by only 22 confirmed cases of child abuse were noted by the dentists. Of these, only four were reported to social agencies. In general, oral surgeons and pedodontists saw a higher percentage of these cases and were more aware of their responsibilities than were general practitioners.
131 citations
TL;DR: Application of 131I to pulpotomy sites indicated that formocresol compromises the microcirculation of the dental pulp, and extensive concentrations of 14C-formaldehyde in the pulp, dentin, periodontal ligament, and bone were disclosed.
Abstract: Formocresol pulpotomies were performed on rhesus monkeys. The rate at which 14 C-formaldehyde appeared in samples of blood and urine was observed to determine if absorption occurs.
130 citations
TL;DR: In healthy persons, Candida-induced denture stomatitis is not serious; however, it should be considered a possible spearhead of systemic yeast infections in seriously ill patients, especially in those subjected to prolonged treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs.
Abstract: Meticulous oral and denture care is important in the prevention of this fungal infection. This infection exists in about 65% of those patients in Denmark who wear dentures. It is characterized by soreness and bright erythema and could be a forerunner of systemic yeast infections. Patients with this infection should receive antimycotic antibiotics and should practice meticulous oral hygiene. Prevalence of denture stomatitis among wearers of complete dentures is about 65% in the Danish community. Candida albicans and related species are believed to play a major role in initiating, maintaining, and aggravating the disease. This article reviews current viewpoints on the pathogenic significance of C albicans in denture stomatitis, the diagnosis, the predisposing conditions, and the treatment and prophylaxis of the infection.
120 citations
TL;DR: A system of bonding composite resins to dental porcelain with silane solution produced a reliable bond but the introduction of stresses, particularly thermal and functional, needs to be investigated further and tested clinically.
Abstract: Tests were performed on 84 teeth to determine the effectiveness of bonding composite resins to dental porcelain with silane solution. A system of bonding composite resins to dental porcelain with a silane solution produced a reliable bond. Tests were performed on buccal surfaces of 84 denture teeth. The specimens treated with silane solution appeared to have significantly higher resistance to shearing forces than the control specimens. This technique may be a clinical solution to intraoral repair of fractured or chipped porcelain restorations.
TL;DR: In reviewing 356 instances of pulp capping during the past 25 years, 149 cases were recalled with posttreatment intervals greater than five years, and one hundred thirty teeth (87.3%) were still vital and functioning with an average posttreatment interval of 11.7 years.
Abstract: This study of 149 cases of teeth that had been pulp capped in the past 25 years indicates that criteria for pulp capping procedures are in need of revision. In reviewing 356 instances of pulp capping during the past 25 years, 149 cases were recalled with posttreatment intervals greater than five years. One hundred thirty teeth (87.3%) were still vital and functioning with an average posttreatment interval of 11.7 years. The criteria for pulp capping procedures are in need of revision. Restrictions based on tooth size and age of the patient are unfounded.
TL;DR: Electromyographic EMG biofeedback was used in a controlled situation to teach patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome to relax and masseter muscle to reduce their mean masseter EMG levels significantly.
Abstract: Electromyographic biofeedback may be an excellent tool in alleviating pain from myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome. Electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback was used in a controlled situation to teach patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome to relax the masseter muscle. Those receiving biofeedback were able to reduce their mean masseter EMG levels significantly. Concurrently, there was a reduction of symptoms. Seventy-five percent of the successfully treated patients required no further therapy during one year of observation.
TL;DR: A longitudinal sample of children was examined for timing and sequence of eruption of permanent teeth, and girls show more variability in age at eruption than boys, and eruption is generally earlier in girls.
Abstract: A longitudinal sample of children was examined for timing and sequence of eruption of permanent teeth. Separate consideration was given to 124 boys and 163 girls from the Child Study Clinic longitudinal growth study. Girls show more variability in age at eruption than boys, and eruption is generally earlier in girls. The degree of variation in sequences of eruption of the first seven permanent teeth is distinct. The most common sequence in girls' maxillas occurred in only 11.4% of subjects; in boys, the most common sequence appeared in 13.4% of subjects. Predictability efficiency of eruption of the first three permanent teeth is not higher than 0.74.
TL;DR: Extrusion in a vertical direction was used in efforts to retain 14 teeth that had subcrestal fractures, perforations, or caries below the gingival tissue.
Abstract: Extrusion in a vertical direction was used successfully in efforts to restore teeth that had subcrestal fractures, perforations, or caries below the gingival tissue. Extrusion in a vertical direction was used in efforts to retain 14 teeth that had subcrestal fractures, perforations, or caries below the gingival tissue. Indications for the procedure, techniques, and complications are discussed.
TL;DR: If the tooth in question has a hopeless prognosis or the osseous surgical procedure would create a poor crown-root ratio, furcation involvement, mobility, or esthetic problems, crown lengthening should be avoided.
Abstract: Surgical crown lengthening should not be attempted when tooth fractures extend into the middle third of the root. Excessive bone reduction on the fractured tooth and necessary blending of osseous contours over adjacent teeth may result in mobility or furcation involvement. In addition, the necessary osseous surgery may create precipitous changes in the bony architecture that will be bridged by soft tissues. This results in increased pocket depth and an unhealthy situation. If the tooth in question has a hopeless prognosis or the osseous surgical procedure would create a poor crown-root ratio, furcation involvement, mobility, or esthetic problems, crown lengthening should be avoided. In cases such as these, extraction may be indicated.
TL;DR: Fifteen sets of castings were fabricated to machined stainless steel dies of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees of taper and 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm of preparation length to test parallel proximal and parallel buccolingual grooves and their resistance to horizontal dislodgement.
Abstract: In experiments on 15 sets o f castings fabricated to dies, complete resistance to horizontal dislodgement was provided when dies had axial grooves that were oriented on the proximal surfaces. Resistance form may be maximized with parallel proximal axial grooves in the preparation. Grooves oriented on the buccolingual surfaces provide only partial resistance to horizontal displacement.
TL;DR: A periodontal abscess with symptoms simulating an endodontic problem is discussed and the importance of awareness of developmental defects in teeth and the potential problems that they pose is illustrated.
Abstract: A periodontal abscess with symptoms simulating an endodontic problem is discussed The diffculty of diagnosis, compounded by the apparent failure of endodontic treatment on an adjacent tooth, is described This case history illustrates the importance of awareness of developmental defects in teeth and the potential problems that they pose
TL;DR: This analysis confirms previous suppositions that persistent erythroplasia rather than leukoplakia, in high-risk sites of the oral cavity, is the earliest and predominant sign of oral carcinoma.
Abstract: This prospective study was conducted to determine the significance of erythroplasia (red) versus leukoplakia (white) in the diagnosis of asymptomatic oral carcinoma and to accurately record the appearance of the erythroplastic lesion. Persistent asymptomatic lesions in any portion of the oral cavity, except the lip, that were considered clinically suspicious with our previous criteria (erythroplasia), or those changes that did not correspond to the visual criteria but were found in high risk sites, were studied and biopsies were performed. Degrees of redness versus whiteness and clinical diagnoses were documented. Of 148 lesions in 113 patients, 66 were malignant (52 invasive and 14 in situ). There was a false negative diagnostic rate of 4.5% (3 of 66) and a false positive rate of 7% (4 of 57). Of the malignant lesions, 86.3% were primarily red compared with 31.9% of the benign lesions. OF the cancers, 10.7% were predominantly white as opposed to 66.7% of benign lesions. This analysis confirms our previous suppositions that persistent erythroplasia rather than leukoplakia, in high-risk sites of the oral cavity, is the earliest and predominant sign of oral carcinoma.
TL;DR: There is a significantly greater degree of marginal leakage at the gingival margin than there is at the occlusal or incisal margin of composite restorations, according to the results of the study.
Abstract: A greater degree of marginal leakage was found at the gingival margin than at the occlusal or incisal margins. Examination of autoradiographs of Class V composite restorations indicates that there is a greater degree of marginal leakage at the gingival margin than there is at the occlusal or incisal margins. The glass ionomer cement used in the study had minimal leakage for a year.
TL;DR: The study was done to determine the validity of William's geometric theory of tooth selection and found no correlation between the form of the face and theform of the maxillary central incisors.
Abstract: Data from subjects whose maxillary incisors were considered esthetically acceptable were run through a computer to determine correlations between face and tooth form. The validity of Williams’s geometric theory of selection of artificial teeth was tested. Data from 31 subjects whose maxillary incisors were considered esthetically acceptable were run through a computer to determine correlations between face and tooth form. No correlation was found.
TL;DR: Since interpatient microbiological cross-contamination can occur after routine radiographic examination, in some cases, disinfection of the radiographic equipment is indicated.
Abstract: A preliminary study was done to determine whether there is microbiological cross-contamination of patients after routine intraoral radiography and to determine the viability of selected oral microorganisms on radiographic equipment.
TL;DR: A rubber dam or gauze screen can prevent many accidents that may occur during dental procedures, and Dental assistants should be trained to handle such emergency situations.
Abstract: A rubber dam or gauze screen can prevent many accidents that may occur during dental procedures. Dental assistants should be trained to handle such emergency situations. Aspiration or swallowing of foreign objects may pose a serious health threat to the dental patient. There are methods and techniques that can prevent such accidents during dental treatment.
TL;DR: A case history is presented of a 10-year-old patient, who accidentally injured her maxillary central incisor, and the fracture line was brought above the level of alveolar bone where successful restoration of the tooth by the acid-etch method could be accomplished.
Abstract: A fracture below the alveolar crest of the left maxillary central incisor was restored by the acid-etch method after extrusion of the tooth. A 10-year-old girl fractured her left maxillary central incisor below the alveolar crest. Combining endodontic therapy and orthodontic extrusion, the fracture line was repositioned to allow adequate restoration. A tooth that would have routinely been extracted was saved and restored through use of a collaborative approach.
TL;DR: Audiological evaluations, consisting of hearing thresholds at eight frequencies and impedance audiometry, were done of 70 dentists and no statistical decrease in hearing thresholds appeared in either the speech or high frequencies when the dentists were compared with a normal, age-adjusted population.
Abstract: The hearing of 70 dentists in eight specialties was tested and compared with that of a nondental population. No statistical differences were found. Many dentists believe that noise generated from high-speed drills results in a significant loss of hearing. Audiological evaluations, consisting of hearing thresholds at eight frequencies (500 to 800 Hz) and impedance audiometry, were done of 70 dentists from eight specialties. No statistical decrease in hearing thresholds appeared in either the speech or high frequencies when the dentists were compared with a normal, age-adjusted population.
TL;DR: Longevity and limitations of prostheses luted by the acid-etch resin technique were determined; the technique for fabrication is provided.
Abstract: Longevity and limitations of prostheses luted by the acid-etch resin technique were determined; the technique for fabrication is provided. A total of 86 anterior temporary fixed prostheses that involved single and multiple incisor units were placed in the mouths of 74 patients. Retention was provided by the use of an acid-etch resin technique with and without pins. Retention varied from two months to three years.
TL;DR: The four types of fractures most frequently encountered in posterior teeth--obliquely directedcomplete fractures, vertically directed complete fractures, obliquelydirected incomplete fractures, and vertically directed incomplete fractures--have been described.
Abstract: Treatments for complete and incomplete, vertically and obliquely fractured posterior teeth are described. The complexity of fractured posterior teeth makes necessary a different treatment approach for each type of fracture. A review of the literature and treatments for obliquely and vertically directed complete and incomplete fractures are given.
TL;DR: A follow-up study was performed to determine the effect of various conservative treatments for MPD after six months to 12 years, and 105 patients who were contacted had no further problems, 26 thought the problem was improved and under control, and 14 had not improved or had sought treatment elsewhere.
Abstract: After up to 12 years, 65 of the patients, treated in the manner described, reported no further problems and 26 thought the condition was improved and under control. In a private oral surgical practice, 118 patients were treated for signs and symptoms related to the dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Except for one person who was treated surgically, therapy was conservative and was directed at relaxing the musculature associated with the TMJ. One hundred five patients were followed up; 91 reported no further problems or thought that the problem was under control. Fourteen had no improvement or sought treatment elsewhere.
TL;DR: Twenty-four vital teeth with deep carious lesions associated with radiographically demonstrable periapical lesions were treated conservatively by means of the indirect pulp-capping technique and showed apparent resolution of periAPical pathology, an absence of pain, and continued vitality when followed up as long as seven years postoperatively.
Abstract: Eleven of 24 teeth with deep carious lesions associated with radiographically demonstrable periapical lesions and treated by this technique showed apparent resolution of the periapical lesions, an absence of pain, and continued vitality when followed up as long as seven years postoperatively. Twenty-four vital teeth with deep carious lesions associated with radiographically demonstrable periapical lesions were treated conservatively by means of the indirect pulp-capping technique. Eleven teeth showed apparent resolution of periapical pathology, an absence of pain, and continued vitality when followed up as long as seven years postoperatively.
TL;DR: A unusual type of oral desquamation appeared as grayish-white gelatinous membranes on the floor of the mouth, lips, vestibules, and gingiva in a 50-year-old woman.
Abstract: A unusual type of oral desquamation appeared as grayish-white gelatinous membranes on the floor of the mouth, lips, vestibules, and gingiva in a 50-year-old woman The painless desquamation was caused by synthetic dentifrice detergents (foaming agents) and was exacerbated by the patient's use of drugs with antisialic action