Showing papers in "Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York in 1948"

Dumbbell tumors of the spine.

Abstract: The term “dumbbell tumor” was initially introduced by Heuer in 1929 to describe spinal tumors that acquire an hourglass shape as they encounter an anatomic barrier, such as dura mater, a nerve-root foramen, or other bony elements, as they grow [1–3]. Spinal tumors with significant intraspinal and paravertebral involvement are classified into four types based on the location of the tumor: intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, epidural, and dumbbell-shaped [4]. Dumbbell tumors can be assigned to various groups according to the constricting structure and other details of tumor location [5]. These days, the term “dumbbell tumor” does not refer to the hourglass shape, but rather acts as a stand-in conceptual term referring to separate tumors that connect and comprise two or more separate regions, such as the intradural or epidural space, or locations outside the spinal canal [6]. Schwannoma and meningioma are the two most common intradural spinal tumors. Ninety percent of spinal dumbbell tumors are schwannomas [4], and up to 33% of schwannomas have a dumbbell form [7]. Multiple schwannomas more frequently represent a clinical manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 2 [8]. Nonschwannoma non-neurofibroma dumbbell tumors of the spinal cord include 28 different pathological entities: hemangioma [9, 10]; meningioma [11]; malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors [12]; neurogenic paravertebral tumors with origin from neurogenic elements within the thorax [13], including neuroblastoma [14], ganglioneuroblastoma [14], and ganglioneuroma [15]; hemangioblastoma [16];