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Showing papers in "Journal of the Optical Society of America in 2017"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between GCR and cloud cover is explained by ionization of air molecules due to cosmic rays, which affects cloud nucleation and hence changes distribution of cloudiness.
Abstract: Intriguing relationship between Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) and Cloud Cover (CC) puts a challenge in understanding climate variability and global warming. Correlation obtained between Galactic Cosmic Ray and Cloud Cover is explained by ionization of air molecules due to cosmic rays. This atmospheric ionization affects cloud nucleation and hence changes distribution of cloudiness. On the other hand, clumping of aerosols resulting from ionization is yet to prove. Uncertainty in cloud measurements is another barrier for proving any specific relationship between Galactic Cosmic Ray and Cloud Cover.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, several recycle technologies were reviewed in this paper and it is observed that there are three main stages of PCBs recycling mainly pre-treatment, physical separation and chemical separation.
Abstract: Recycling of electronic circuits in general and Printed Circuit Boards, in particular, are very important for the protection of environment. It is also a good source of rare and costly metals in trace amount and proper recycling of PCBs can help recover these elements with minimum environment cost. Several recycle technologies were reviewed in this paper. From the review, it is observed that there are three main stages of PCBs recycling mainly pre-treatment, physical separation and chemical separation. In pre-treatment stage, crude separation is made and toxic parts as well as parts that can be disassembled are removed. After this process, the physical separation process starts where metallic and non metallic materials are separated after proper size reduction by appropriate technologies. Metallic and Nonmetallic materials are sent for further management. Most of the time chemical separation is used to recover materials. Many scientists are also working to get metallic and non metallic parts separately and developing use of non magnetic materials as sheet so that environment can be effectively protected.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a dc motor based wind turbine simulator was developed for the verification of wind turbine power control strategy, including stochastic effect and deterministic load components with the shaft dynamics.
Abstract: This paper is made for the development of a dc motor based Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) and to show its performance verification through simulation. Here the torque signal represents the actual wind turbine with environmental effect to generate the DC motor shaft. Present study incorporates mainly the turbine power control strategy, including stochastic effect and deterministic load components with the shaft dynamics. Here WTE with Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is studied to verify its effectiveness in the presence of various wind characteristics. The envisaged wind system is based on a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), which is directly connected to the wind turbine shaft, while rectifier and chopper is used to provide the DC output load. Here resistive load is basically the DC load with values in wide range. The experimental investigations are provided in partial load regime and the optimum power is performed through power loop either by controlling the electrical power or by controlling the electromechanical power.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In present paper an important facts of OS are discussed so that a person, who want to work in this field, can understand about it in better way.
Abstract: The fields of OS are attracting most of the researchers. The researchers are working on the devices in which OS are used and try to improve the efficiency of such devices. The television sets using technique of quantum dot give the best visibility. The ink-jet printers using OS give better printing quality in comparison to conventional inorganic semiconductor printer. In this way OS plays an important and vital role in current scenario of electronic devices. In present paper an important facts of OS are discussed so that a person, who want to work in this field can understand about it in better way.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mobile electronic commerce (or M-commerce) describes online sales transactions that use wireless electronic devices such as handheld computers, mobile phones and laptops that communicate with computer networks and by using these devices online purchasing can be done.
Abstract: Mobile electronic commerce (or M-commerce) describes online sales transactions that use wireless electronic devices such as handheld computers, mobile phones and laptops. These mobile devices communicate with computer networks and by using these devices online purchasing can be done. M-commerce provide facilities of the delivery of electronic commerce capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, through wireless technology. Mobile Commerce or m-commerce is about the different type of applications and services that are becoming accessible from any internet-enabled mobile devices. Since m-commerce has played the main role in the growth of e-commerce in India, so in present days the use of e-commerce has become easier. Online shopping through different buyer to customers’ website on a mobile is termed as m-commerce. With the increase in the use of smart-phone by youngsters has promoted the m-commerce in developing India.