Showing papers in "Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior in 1975"

TL;DR: This article explored the hypothesis that immediate memory span is not constant, but varies with the length of the words to be recalled, finding that words of short temporal duration are better recalled than words of long duration.

TL;DR: This paper found that nonwords that are stems of prefixed words (e.g., juvenate ) take longer to classify than nonwords which are not stems (e., pertoire ), suggesting that the nonword stem is directly represented in the lexicon.

TL;DR: The authors examined the effects of semantic structure on simple inductive judgments about category members and found that if subjects learn that an unknown property is possessed by a typical species (i.e., one that shares many of its properties with other category members), they are more likely to generalize than if the same fact had been learned about an atypical species.

TL;DR: This paper found that the probability that a word concept was recalled increased as a function of both the number of repetitions of that concept in the text base and a corresponding word in the actual text.

TL;DR: The authors explored whether recoding to speech during reading occurs before lexical access or not at all, and found that participants did not recode to speech while making synonymy and category decisions, but did recode during the acceptability decisions.

TL;DR: This paper showed that for lexical (L) targets, L outcomes are significantly more frequent than nonsense (N) outcomes, but only in a context that contains lexical filler items.

TL;DR: The authors found that the listener constructs the literal meaning, checks the context for its plausibility, and if it is implausible, applies a rule of conversation to derive the conveyed meaning.

TL;DR: The authors proposed an ordered search model for the computation of word meanings in sentence context, which assumes that access to multiple meanings occurs in a fixed order regardless of context and that whether one meaning or multiple meanings are accessed will depend on whether the primary (most common) sense fits the context.

TL;DR: The authors found that the accessibility of retrieval cues which provide access to higher-order memory units which have been encoded in the dissociated state depends on restoration of that state at the time of attempted recall.

TL;DR: Two processing models of how reasoners solve categorical syllogisms are offered based on traditional statements of the atmosphere effect and the conversion hypothesis, showing that previous studies of formal reasoning have unnecessarily restricted the scope of the hypotheses and failed to compare them on the critical conditions and in their intended senses.

TL;DR: Three experiments are reported which demonstrate that subjects can identify a word faster than a letter within a word, but that words and single letters in isolation are identified equally fast.

TL;DR: This article measured response latency in a task which required the subjects to make a word-nonword decision to a visually presented item and found that the superiority of relatively high frequency items was almost exactly the same under degraded as under nondegraded conditions.

TL;DR: This article found that recall of the list items was impaired when at test the category name was accompanied by extralist cues, that is, by category instances that had not appeared in the list.

TL;DR: This article found that fast readers pick up more information per fixation on structured textual material, as indexed by a forced-choice test, and the average fast reader had a greater span of apprehension for unrelated elements.

TL;DR: The authors found that the recall of high frequency clusters at the end of words could not be explained in terms of sophisticated guessing and support a distinct memory system for word names which is organized for use in the production and perception of speech and writing.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared short-term retention of temporal and spatial order information using the distractor paradigm and found that subjects employed phonemic coding when they recalled the temporal order of letters, and coded information about temporal-spatial patterns for spatial order recall.

TL;DR: The authors found that in the case of ambiguous lexical items, all meanings are retrieved, but following a decision stage only one is transferred to working memory, and there is a lexical retrieval stage operable in both comprehension and production which affects response latencies.

TL;DR: In this article, two process interpretations of these responses were considered, one in which the responses reflect processes of adjustment during acquisition to conditions of information overload, and a second in which they reflect processes occurring during recall.

TL;DR: This article found that sentences were better remembered following auditory than visual presentation and suppressing vocal activity by asking subjects to count while reading led to a decrement in the retention of sentence wording and meaning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the influence of articulatory suppression on performance in free recall and found that the recency effect does not reflect a short-term phonemic store.

TL;DR: In this article, an adaptive network model is proposed to represent the structure and processing of knowledge, and the accessibility of stored information is measured as reaction time for verifying relations between memorized concepts, before and after systematic manipulation of subjects' retrieval experiences.

TL;DR: In this article, two hypotheses about the processes by which people can reject false but meaningful sentences quantified by all or some sentences are outlined, which distinguish between two basic types of false sentences: contradictory sentences and counterexample sentences.

TL;DR: The interpretation of the results was that words with multiple meanings have multiple memory entries, and the search process terminates with detection of one of the entries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the psychological processes involved in solving a three-term series problem and obtain separate estimates of the time required to encode the premises and the time needed to generate an answer from the resulting internal representation.

TL;DR: In this paper, two possible models of forgetting in a short-term memory task subject to proactive interference are considered, one model assumes that the fundamental forgetting process is competition while the other relies upon a decay of the memory trace.

TL;DR: This article found that list-cued recall was higher than recognition of target words in the absence of list cues in all lists, suggesting that recognition failure of recallable words is independent of subjects' familiarity with the task requirements.

TL;DR: The authors examined the nature of the memory representation of two types of information in picture stories: surface information, arising directly from pictures which occur in the stories, and conceptual information, easily inferable when integrating the pictures into a connected story, but arising potentially also from pictures not in the story.

TL;DR: This paper critically evaluates associative theories of sentence memory, taking as its starting point the model proposed by Anderson and Bower (1973) and two sentence-memory experiments are presented.

TL;DR: This article found that children's abilities in comprehending full and truncated passives develop in close developmental synchrony, a result which fails to support the hypothesis that the two constructions are acquired and stored in psychologically different ways.

TL;DR: In this article, a forced-choice technique was used instead of the yes-no method of previous studies, to avoid confounding with a possible response bias, and two experiments tested for effects of intralist cues upon recognition probability.