Journal of water process engineering 

About: Journal of water process engineering is an academic journal published by Elsevier BV. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Chemistry & Wastewater. It has an ISSN identifier of 2214-7144. Over the lifetime, 3742 publications have been published receiving 63752 citations.

Fouling and cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes: A review

Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the best options for both one-stage and as part of multi-stage water and wastewater purification. This review summarises the known facts about the fouling processes and cleaning procedures and details of the most successful physical and chemical cleaning combinations. The optimum cleaning is closely linked to the nature of the fouling. Precise knowledge of both the fouling type (organic, inorganic, or biological) and the fouling mechanism (gel formation, adsorption, deposition, pore blockage, or cake formation) is the key to success in UF membrane cleaning.

Comparison of heavy metal removals from aqueous solutions by chemical precipitation and characteristics of precipitates

Abstract: Typical chemical precipitation methods using lime (Ca(OH)2), soda ash (Na2CO3) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) for removals of heavy metals (i.e. Zn (II), Cu (II) and Pb (II)) from aqueous solutions were compared by jar tests. A focus was especially given to particle size differences and chemical phase conversion of precipitates. A removal of 99.99% from aqueous solutions with three precipitants was achieved for copper and zinc at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. And lead was efficiently removed (99.75%) by sodium sulfide. In contrast, the maximal lead removals with lime or soda ash precipitation were only 76.14% and 97.78%. The mean particle size of precipitates was in the range of 55 nm–45 μm, depending on properties of precipitants and heavy metal to precipitant ratios. The settling performance of the sludge derived from precipitation was dominated by particle size and Zeta-potential of precipitates. It was observed that ultra-fine copper sulfide particles resulted from the precipitation were around 55 nm and did not settle in 12 h due to electrostatic repulsion force between particles. The main compounds in the sludge obtained from precipitation were metal hydroxides and metal sulfides. However, spontaneous dehydration of metal hydroxide, oxidation of sulfide and atmospheric carbonation were identified by means of XRD and thermal analyses, which is invaluable to the disposal and utilization of the sludge.

Produced water characteristics, treatment and reuse: A review

Abstract: In oil and gas industry, produced water is considered as the largest waste stream, which contains relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants. Due to the increase in industrial activities, the generation of produced water has increased all over the world and its treatment for reuse is now important from environmental perspective. Treatment of produced water can be done through various methods including physical (membrane filtration, adsorption etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods. This paper aims to highlight characteristics of produced water in detail and physical, chemical, and biological techniques used for its treatment. In addition, reuse of produced water for different purposes has been discussed. At the end, few case studies from different countries, related to the treatment and reuse of their produced waters have been included.

Magnetic adsorbents for the treatment of water/wastewater—A review

Abstract: In recent years, adsorption has displayed promising and effective results as a treatment technology for water and wastewater by industries. In the process, a number of adsorbents have been synthesized and applied for the treatment of pollutants such as metals, dyes, pharmaceutical products in solutions. However, for adsorption to be unconditionally adopted by industries, a few obstacles such as high capital cost, difficult segregation of adsorbent from solution, and complex synthesis processes need to be addressed. The removal of suspend adsorbents in wastewater from a continuous flow system is a challenge which if addressed properly would enable us to recover the spent adsorbent efficiently. The spent adsorbents can then be regenerated and used again by the industries thereby leading to reduced capital investment. Therefore, studies have been carried out aiming at the incorporation of magnetism in such adsorbents to aid their removal from wastewater. This review aims to comprehensively list and discuss adsorbents which exhibit magnetic properties and their adsorption behaviour under diverse conditions. The literature survey presented in this paper renders evidence to the good potential of magnetic adsorbents to remove various pollutants from wastewater. However, the practical utility of such adsorbents needs to be explored before they can be commercially applied.

Effective removal of Amoxicillin, Cephalexin, Tetracycline and Penicillin G from aqueous solutions using activated carbon nanoparticles prepared from vine wood

Abstract: The present study shows the applicability of carbon nanoparticles made from vine wood as an inexpensive adsorbent for the removal of Amoxicillin, Cephalexin, Tetracycline and Penicillin G from aqueous solutions. The activation of carbon nanoparticles was studied by aqueous solutions of NaOH, KOH, ZnCl 2 , NaCl and HNO 3 . The removal efficiency ( R %) of pollutants showed that NaOH can be used as an efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly activator ( R % = 74–88). Infrared spectroscopy, XRD pattern, BET and BJH methods and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were used to characterize the prepared carbon. The area and pore volume of activated carbon were obtained as 13.397 m 2 /g and 54.79 cm 3 /g, respectively. The SEM images showed a high porosity for activated carbon. Removal of antibiotics from aqueous samples was carried out using a modular method. The optimized parameters of pH 2, an amount of adsorbent of 0.4 g/L, a concentration of antibiotic solution of 20 mg L −1 , a contact time of 8 h and a temperature of 45 °C were obtained in a modular way. Kinetic studies confirmed that the adsorption followed second-order reaction kinetics. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The reusability of sorbent was achieved by using of NaOH (5 w/w%) solution and recovery time of 4 h.