Showing papers in "Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics in 1994"

TL;DR: In this paper, a novel approach to the optimization of large windfarms is presented, where the wind turbine distribution at a given site is optimized in order to extract the maximum energy for the minimum installation costs.

TL;DR: The UK atmospheric dispersion modelling system is a computer code for modelling the dispersion of buoyant or neutrally buoyant gaseous and particulate emissions to the atmosphere.

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of insurance claim files from Hurricanes Hugo and Andrew has revealed that most wind damage to houses is restricted to the envelope of the building, which causes the insurance loss to be magnified by a factor ranging from two, at lower wind speeds, to nine at higher speeds.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to calculate wind-driven-rain intensities impinging on building faces taking into account all the relevant factors such as the interactions between wind, rain and building, and also the joint probability of occurrence of wind and rain.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 2 × 4 timber and roof gravel are defined as representative objects for use in standard tests to qualify products for use inside the building envelope, and a 9000 cycle pressure spectrum that represents fluctuating pressures which occur in a hurricane is specified for product qualification tests.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the afterbody shape and the angle of incidence on the structure of the flow past a prismatic body are experimentally investigated, both quantitatively in the form of wind tunnel measurement and qualitatively in a water tunnel flow visualization.

TL;DR: In this article, a parametric study of wind loading on ships based on wind tunnel tests is given, and semi-empirical loading functions are proposed, where the authors consider the effect of wind tunnel testing on the loading of ships.

TL;DR: The Humber Bridge was the subject of an extensive monitoring campaign during 1990 and 1991 during which a large body of experimental data describing the loading and response processes was obtained as mentioned in this paper, and some 70 instruments were used to measure wind speed and direction together with displacement, acceleration, rotation and temperature of the structure.

TL;DR: The characteristics of wind pressures acting on the walls and roofs of gable-roofed tropical houses, based on wind-tunnel model experiments, are described in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a large scale articulated lorry model on a bridge deck, in an environmental wind tunnel, with and without a simulation of atmospheric turbulence, was used to obtain spectra, aerodynamic admittances and extreme values of these parameters to be measured.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for quantifying accident risk for vehicles in high winds, a physical problem for which there are a large number of independent variables, such as vehicle speed and wind speed, is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics model is set up and the wind flow pattern around a building, the raindrop trajectories and wind-driven rain intensity on the front face of a building are calculated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large volume of 1 min mean wind data is available at the United Kingdom Meteorological Office and the relationship between the gust ratio, the terrain roughness and the hourly mean wind speed by gust duration is provided.

TL;DR: In this article, an analytical model used to simulate the fatigue behavior of roof cladding during the passage of a tropical cyclone is described. But the model appears to be reasonable for comparative estimation of fatigue life, but an improvement of Miner's rule is required for the prediction of actual fatigue life.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors survey the range of problems falling within the category of wind effects on ground transportation, and provide on Introduction to the papers included in this Session, as well as a review of the papers in this session.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some of the experimental results that have been obtained during an extensive investigation of the behaviour of urban trees in high winds, including stiffness, natural frequency, and damping.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented numerical predictions for flow through and in a model forest on a two-dimensional hill using a finite volume numerical algorithm, using non-staggered non-orthogonal grid systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple surface wind sensor proposed by Irwin measures wind speeds through pressure differences, which has been applied in several wind-tunnel laboratories for the study of pedestrian-level wind conditions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the magnitude and the distribution of mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients associated with corners and edges on the top surface of surface-mounted rectangular prisms immersed in a variety of turbulent shear layers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the dynamics of internal pressure and the significance of dynamic action on the peak loads developed across the envelope were studied in a low-rise building with and without leakage paths.

TL;DR: In this article, pressure measurements on walls immersed in turbulent boundary layer flow from two different wind tunnel facilities are presented and compared and a variety of wall configurations, wind directions and shielding arrangements are studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the reduction ratio of tuned mass dampers (TMD) for suppressing the wind-induced vertical buffeting response of long span bridges and the optimal solutions of the parameters of TMD for engineering purposes are derived.

TL;DR: In this article, an active simulating procedure of the time history of wind velocity in a wind tunnel was described, and the simulated time histories of the wind velocity by this technique fitted well the target ones.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present three different models for calculating the average output power of a wind turbine, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the phenomenon of wind power and wind speed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a standard κ-ϵ model is used to simulate the turbulent recirculating flows over a backward facing step, a forward facing step and a single block and the results show that the model can give a good prediction for the mean velocities and the static pressure field.

TL;DR: In this paper, a wind tunnel model test was performed to investigate interference effects on torsional response of a tall square building from neighbouring buildings with different sizes and shapes, and it was found that torsion responses were significantly enhanced by a factor of up to 2.2 times that of the isolated building when vortex shedding from the interfering building was in resonance with the natural frequency of the square building submerged in the wake.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results of a fundamental, experimental study on wind loading of porous facade systems, including relative building dimensions, porosity, and gap width, which have been varied systematically in a model scale study.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the wind hazard and its effects on accident occurrence and found that wind-related accidents were only a small percentage of total overall accidents recorded by the police, despite accounting for so few accidents, they felt it was important to consider the effects of high winds on accident severity.

TL;DR: The wind farm at Norddeich as mentioned in this paper consists of 5 wind turbines of 16 m rotor diameter and 55 kW power rating. The turbines are arranged in a straight line with a spacing of approximately 4 rotor diameters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 1:100 scale wind tunnel measurements obtained in a simulated suburban atmospheric boundary layer were used to estimate the total fluctuating loads on the roof for a range of wind directions.