Showing papers in "Journal on Educational Technology in 2018"

Digital Citizenship with Social Media: Participatory Practices of Teaching and Learning in Secondary Education

Abstract: This article explores how social media use in formal and informal learning spaces can support the development of digital citizenship for secondary school students. As students increasingly spend large amounts of time online (e.g., an average of six hours of screen time per day, excluding school and homework), it is critical that they are developing skills enabling them to find, evaluate, and share information responsibly, engage in constructive conversation with others from diverse backgrounds, and to ensure their online participation is safe, ethical, and legal. And, yet, in spite of the importance of students learning these skills, opportunities for digital citizenship in formal and informal learning spaces have lagged behind our ideals. The article provides a conceptual analysis of civic engagement as digital citizenship and considers how digital media applications can support citizenship education in middleand high-school grades. Then, empirical research is provided that demonstrates how high school students develop digital citizenship practices through out-of-school practices. Finally, this article suggests that both dimensions of digital citizenship (i.e., in-school, traditional citizenship education and out-of-school activities aimed at civic engagement) can be integrated through a social media-facilitated curriculum. Finally, recommendations for teaching and learning through social media are offered to educators, community members, practitioners, parents, and others.

Characteristics of instructional videos

Abstract: Nowadays, video plays a significant role in education in terms of its integration into traditional classes, and is the principal delivery system of information in classes particularly in online courses as well as serving as a foundation for many blended classes. Hence, education is adopting a modern approach of instruction with the target of moving away from the traditional instructional approach to video-based learning (VBL). VBL is a powerful approach used in education in order to enhance learning results as well as the learners’ satisfaction. The aim of this study is to explain advantages, disadvantages and design tips of instructional videos according to new trends in education. This paper would be useful for anyone interested in designing, preparing and implementing instructional videos.Keywords: Video-based learning, technology boosted education, VBL pros and cons, review of study, instructional video.

Investigating the relationship between students’ digital literacy and their attitude towards using ICT

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the relationship between secondary school students’ digital literacy and their attitude towards using information and communication technology in a private secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan. For this study, the data were collected through survey questionnaire using google forms. The total sample size for this study was 344 secondary school students having almost equal ratio of male and female. On bivariate correlation analysis, digital literacy was found to be associated with students’ attitude towards using information and communication technology (ICT) and other ICT related demographics. Further analysis using multiple linear regression analysis showed that digital literacy (DL), use of the tablet and smartphone, prior training in the use of computer and frequency of computer use significantly affect students’ attitude towards using ICT.

The relationship between technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy belief levels and the usage of Web 2.0 applications of pre-service science teachers

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) self-efficacy levels of pre-service science teachers with respect to variables in their use of Web 2.0 applications. A survey model has been conducted on a study group consisting of 344 final year pre-service science teachers at six different state universities in Turkey during the academic year of 2017–2018. The ‘personal information form’, the ‘Web 2.0 applications usage situation survey’ and the ‘TPACK self-efficacy belief scale’ were employed. Data obtained from the study group have been analysed with the ‘SPSS Statistics 23’ software, a t-test and the ANOVA test have been carried out, a Pearson correlation analysis and a Tamhane test has been conducted. The results show a significant relationship between TPACK self-efficacy belief levels and the variables involved in pre-service science teachers use of Web 2.0 applications.

Patterns of Inclusion: Fostering Digital Citizenship through Hybrid Education

Abstract: Reconsidering the concept of digital citizenship and the essential component of education the authors propose that the concept of Hybrid Education may serve both as a guideline for the utilization of digital technologies in education and as a methodology for fostering new forms of participation, inclusion and engagement in society Following TH Marshall's conception of citizenship the authors suggest that becoming, belonging and the capabilities to do so is essential to digital citizenship in a culturally diverse and digitally mediated world The paper presents a theory-based, value driven and practical orientated framework for innovation in education The paper documents a process where participants situated around the globe worked in collaboration with a group of participants gathered at a workshop on the concept of hybridity in education and on identifying and describing educational patterns for Hybrid Education that are directly applicable in relation to the concept of digital citizenship The process introduces a value-based and vision-driven design pattern approach to innovation in education by framing and aligning values and visions of the participants This work resulted in approximately 85 unique pattern candidates that address various aspects of hybridity in education In conclusion, the concept and practice of Hybrid Education is both productive and conducive to the reconsidered idea of digital citizenship proposed in the paper

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in the Literature: how TPCK is defined and implemented in initial Teacher Education

Abstract: In recent decades, there has been increasing research interest in teachers’ competencesregarding the growing role of technologies in educational practices. These competences are grounded on a clear base of technological knowledge, along with the recognized dimensions of a broad pedagogical expertise and deep knowledge of the content. This paper analyses the most significant international literature on the topic, reporting the theoretical discussion about teachers’ knowledge as described by the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge framework (TPCK – Koehler & Mishra, 2005a) based on Shulman’s (1986, 1987) PCK. This framework will be analysed in its definition and main components, as well as in the different interpretations given by researchers in recent years. Finally, some of the main strategies documented in the literature to develop this type of teacher knowledge in pre-service education will be presented.

Heidegger 존재론에 비추어 본 교육공학 재개념화: 처방의 의미를 중심으로

Abstract: ‘잘 가르치는 일’로서 교육공학은 모종의 처방적인 활동임이 틀림없다. 이 점에서 교육공학은 일종의 도구적 성격을 갖는다. 하지만, 처방이 목적, 내용과 분리될 수 없다는 점은 교육공학을 단순히 도구적 성격만으로 설명할 수 없음을 명확히 드러낸다. 이처럼 교육공학의 본질을 파악하기 위해서는 교육의 목적과 내용과 연계하여 처방의 의미를 규명해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 교육공학의 현상 이면에 보이지 않는 본질을 드러내고자 존재 의미에 대해 탐색한 철학자인 Heidegger의 철학에 비추어 교육공학을 재개념화하였다. Heidegger 존재론에 비추어 본 교육공학은 존재자적 교육공학과 존재론적 교육공학으로 구분된다. 이때 존재자적 교육공학은 실제적 지식, 실용교육, 전향적 관점의 적극적 처방을 지향한다. 반면, 존재론적 교육공학은 이론적 지식, 인간교육, 후향적 관점의 소극적 처방을 지향한다. 그러나 두 가지 교육공학은 서로 혼동해서는 안 되지만, 그렇다고 분리되어 존재하는 것도 아니다. 실제 교육 활동에 있어서 교육공학의 두 가지 존재 양식은 모두 필요하며, 경우에 따라서 두 가지 존재 양식은 상호보완적으로 작용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 교육공학의 두 가지 존재 양식을 통합할 수 있는 모형을 제시하였다. 이것은 이론적 지식의 축적을 통해 자신의 안목을 넓히고, 대상에 대한 깊은 이해를 바탕으로 실제적 처방이 이루어질 때, 비로소 심층적 지식을 전수할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Digital resources for faculty development in e-learning: a self-paced approach for professional learning

Abstract: Since a growing number of universities have adopted e-learning or blended solutions, faculty development is increasingly seen as a crucial strategy to prepare faculty members for innovative teaching practices. However, a number of barriers prevent faculty from attending training programmes, including scheduling and logistic constraints. Offering a flexible online format for training should provide opportunities to fit user needs better. In this regard, while literature exists on on-site interventions, studies on self-paced online courses are still limited. This paper presents a self-paced online programme for faculty development on e-learning, and explores its correspondence with users’ needs. The contribution starts with an examination of the literature and an explanation of the design strategies adopted for the programme. It then presents the methods used and analyses the main findings. The results show that, depending on their levels of experience and motivation, users demonstrated diverse patterns of use with regard to the contents and activities selected. From this point of view, the results confirm the importance of adopting design approaches based on self-paced principles.

Constraints Hindering Adoption of ICT in Government Secondary Schools in Tanzania: The Case of Hanang District

Abstract: This paper addresses teachers’ skills on ICT Integration in teaching and learning and constraints that hinder the adoption in Government owned secondary schools. The study employed a cross-section research design which guided the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Simple random sampling was employed in the selection of participants of which data were collected from 75 teachers in government secondary schools, 15 Heads of Schools, 1 DEO and 3 Quality Assurers. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain data. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis while descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data with the aid of SPSS version 21. The findings revealed that, most of the secondary school teachers had minimal skills of integrating ICT in teaching and learning due to different challenges such as lack of ICT facilities, inadequate computer labs in schools, and inadequate pre-service and in-service teachers training. Finally, the paper recommends a holistic approach in harmonising the curriculum requirements and the ICT policy strategies so as to create awareness among teachers, thus develop the required ICT pedagogical skills.

3D Virtual environments as effective learning contexts for cultural heritage

Abstract: 3D technology can be a valid support to cultural heritage not only for visual presentation and documentation, but also for communication and educational purposes In this paper, we will discuss the potential of 3D virtual environments as effective learning contexts for Cultural Heritage This encompasses various disciplines such as history, art, and languages, and includes both tangible and intangible content like myths, beliefs and social values We will analyse virtual and augmented reality and innovative interfaces, highlighting their affordances for successfully triggering learning experiences A number of digital environments and serious games will be also analysed with respect to their potential for supporting immersion, presence and motivation In the literature, these factors are considered key in raising learner interest, making 3D worlds a direct and engaging setting for informal learning in Cultural Heritage

Project-Based Learning in Introductory Statistics: Comparing Course Experiences and Predicting Positive Outcomes for Students from Diverse Educational Settings

Abstract: In order to evaluate the acceptability and potential impact of the Passion-Driven Statistics curriculum, this article describes background characteristics, and course experiences and outcomes of students enrolled in the multidisciplinary, introductory, project-based course in liberal arts colleges, large state universities, regional college/universities, and community colleges. We found that the course could be successfully delivered across these diverse educational settings. After controlling for educational setting and pre-survey responses to individual outcome measures, consistent predictors of positive course outcomes included student’s initial interest in conducting research, their higher likelihood of enrolling in a statistics course if it were not required, finding the project-based course less challenging, and finding the research project more rewarding than other students. Regional college/university, and community college students reported working significantly harder in the course and finding the course more challenging than students taking the course at liberal arts colleges or state universities. Students from liberal arts colleges generally reported more positive course experiences than students from other educational settings. However, when compared to students from both liberal arts colleges and large state universities, those from regional colleges/universities reported being more likely to have learned more in the project-based course than in other college courses they had taken. Taken together, the project-based course was successfully delivered across diverse post-secondary educational settings and provides a promising model for getting students hooked on the power and excitement of applied statistics.

Examining Computer Gaming Addiction in Terms of Different Variables.

Abstract: The computer gaming addiction is one of the newer concepts that young generations face and can be defined as the excessive and problematic use of computer games leading to social and/or emotional problems. The purpose of this study is to analyse through variables the computer gaming addiction levels of secondary school students. The research was conducted with survey and causal-comparative quantitative research methods. Furthermore, the quantitative data was obtained by interpreting the data obtained through open-ended questions. Findings reveal a significant difference between computer gaming addiction and variables of gender, daily gaming times and whether or not students play games with people they do not know. However, findings did not show any significant difference between computer gaming addiction and variables of grade or purposes of game playing. According to the findings from qualitative data analysis, students mostly prefer to play skill-based games, while they would want to design action games.Keywords: Computer gaming, daily gaming times, game addiction, purposes of game playing, secondary school students.

Awareness and Utilization of e-Learning Resources by Trainee Counsellors of Counselling Education in Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract: In Nigeria, electronic-learning (e-learning) resources have emerged as a modern tool for enhancing the quality of delivery and acquisition of education content. Yet, hardly has there been any meaningful research report on the application of this innovative and invaluable tool to counselling education service delivery efforts. This study, ‘awareness and utilization of e-learning resources by trainee Counsellors in counselling education in Calabar, Nigeria’ was designed to fill this literature gap. A structured questionnaire with reliability index of 0.83 titled “Awareness and Utilization of E-learning Questionnaire (AUEQ)” was used to collect data from a sample of 300 students and analyzed using t-test statistics. The results of the study indicate that while the awareness of e-learning resources by trainee Counsellors was generally high, their rating in terms of availability, currency, adequacy and quality of these resources within their schools was rather very low. The results also indicated that the extent of utilization of e-learning was also very insignificant. Furthermore, the outcomes of the study show inter-class, inter-school and inter-gender differences with regards to both awareness of availability and utilization of e-learning resources. Based on the findings, it was recommended that Universities and other higher education settings should be equipped with current, functional and adequate e-learning resources for enhanced service delivery. It was also recommended that both counsellor educators and trainees should be systematically trained in appropriate skills required for the use of e-learning facilities. It was further recommended that assurance of constant and adequate power supply should be improved upon to enhance the use of e-learning in our Universities.

Integration of the Video Response App FlipGrid in the Business Writing Classroom

Abstract: In business English writing classes, second language learners can be reticent to speak about their writings. To combat this and give students more opportunities to practice speaking and allow instructors the ability to measure the engagement, a video capture tool is needed that will enable students to have conversations asynchronously and produce the language vocally outside of class. Recently a tool was developed where speaking tasks can be created using a video response service called FlipGrid. This web-based educational technology tool gives instructors the means to help students increase their productive language skills by increasing the time students spend speaking outside class, with the added accountability of video. Both spontaneous and planned vocal practice assignments can be created with this tool resulting in more student engagement and speaking practice. This paper discusses the need and rationale for using the service and shares the results of a class evaluation after implementing the video capture tool in a business writing class. The assessment discovered that students found the tool easy to use and noticed increases with both their perceived time speaking English between classes and their perceived English-speaking confidence.

Opinions of Secondary School Science and Mathematics Teachers on STEM Education.

Abstract: In this study, the opinions of middle school science and mathematics teachers towards STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education were examined. The research was carried out for 30 hours with 28 science and mathematics teachers who were working in Istanbul during the spring semester of 2016–2017 academic year. 75% of these teachers are female while 25% are male. The study was conducted by the case study method among qualitative research methods. To determine the opinions of the secondary school science and mathematics teachers, ‘STEM interview form for teachers’ consisting of eight questions was created. As a result of the analysis, the teachers emphasised that they did not feel sufficient about STEM education and that a good STEM teacher should have STEM knowledge, pedagogy knowledge and the 21st century skill knowledge. However, it was found that after the STEM training, teachers had positive changes in their opinions towards engineering and technology.

Cyberbullying: Role of the School Counselor in Mitigating the Silent Killer Epidemic.

Abstract: This manuscript will focus on cyber-bullying, which has become an epidemic in this country amongst children and teenagers of all different races, backgrounds, socioeconomic status, and religious beliefs. Using virtual mediums to harass, taunt, tease, threaten, and bully has become pervasive due to the availability of technology, the incredible ability to reach endless audiences, its relentlessness, as well as the aspect of anonymity. Cyberbullying can have many detrimental repercussions including decreased academic performance, poor social skills, reduced self-worth, isolation, loneliness, depression, anxiety, truancy, and suicide. School counselors play a critical role in helping perpetrators, as well as students who fall victim to cyberbullying by taking a strength based approach, teaching soft skills and social emotional learning, encouraging students to become more assertive, empathic, empowered, assisting students in regaining control, focusing on setting realistic goals, as well as encouraging increased parental involvement and monitoring of social media. The definition of cyberbullying, statistics, consequences, as well as best practices and the role of the school counselor to mitigate cyberbullying will be discussed.

Student Cognitive Presence in Small Group Collaboration Facilitated by Mobile Instant Messaging

Abstract: Cognitive presence describes the co-construction of knowledge in an online learning community. Few previous studies examined the development of cognitive presence in using mobile instant messaging (MIM) for academic purposes. Specifically, students nowadays set up small-size MIM discussion groups to work on group projects in higher education. No study has examined the establishment of cognitive presence in these small groups. This paper reports a multi-case study, investigating three self-initiated discussion groups in higher education. Data were collected primarily from the online interactive records and students’ semi-structured interviews. The Community of Inquiry framework was utilized as the guidance for coding process. The results show that students demonstrated cognitive presence in the group discussions, yet only 36% of the total messages contained indicators of cognitive presence. The majority (64%) of messages were on non-academic topics, such as greetings and casual social talks. In the interviews, we found students like using MIM for social purposes, but not for academic purposes, due to the social nature of MIM, the possible delayed responses, and the lack of “facilitators”.

Determination of the Effect of STEM-Integrated Argumentation Based Science Learning Approach in Solving Daily Life Problems.

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the science-technology-engineering and mathematics (STEM) integrated argumentation based science learning (ABSL) approach on the resolution of daily life problems and the change of high-level thinking skills. Mixed method was used in the research. The nested pattern is preferred because of majority of qualitative data and to increase the objectivity of the study with quantitative data. Quantitative data were collected with a single group pretest-posttest experimental design. Qualitative data were gathered with document review and daily life problem determination form. The data presented with descriptive and content analysis, frequency, percentage and wilcoxon signed rank test techniques. A homogeneous sample was used in the study. The study was carried out with a randomly chosen class in a mountain village secondary school. As understood from the analysis of the daily life problems before and after the implementation, it was observed as a positive change in the participants thinking about elements such as identification and solution of daily life problems. It is seen that the unresolved problem factor determined for the land factor in hazelnut transportation is removed after the application. According to reflective thinking skills data it was found that participant’s reflective thinking skills “middle” in pre-implementation and in post-implementation it was “high”. The wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to the question of whether the increase in the reflective thinking skills values was meaningful, and it was found that there was no significant difference between pre and post. Various suggestions were made by the research findings. Keywords: STEM-integrated ABSL approach, STEM education, Argumentation, Daily life problems, Reflective thinking

Cyberbullying awareness in secondary and high-schools

Abstract: This study examines cyberbullying awareness of schools based on the statements of teachers and managers. Survey data were collected from 376 educators in 277 middle and high-schools. The ‘Questionnaire for Cyberbullying Awareness at School’ was used as the data collection tool and data were collected online and analyzed with frequency and percentage statistics. The findings show that: schools have wrong or inadequate strategies concerning recognition and intervention of cyberbullying; techniques for cyberbullying prevention is sufficient, concerning the creation of an anti-cyberbulling school culture and taking technological precautions; however, the creation of an anti-cyberbullying curriculum, and the construction of specific anti-cyberbullying policies for schools, is lacking in teachers’ cyberbullying awareness. It is clear that cyberbullying awareness in secondary schools and highschools in Turkey must be increased. Keywords: Cyberbullying, cyberbullying awareness, cyberbullying recognition, cyberbullying prevention, cyberbullying intervention

Anxieties Disorder and Deviant Behaviors among Secondary School Studies in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State

Abstract: This study was to determine the relationship between anxiety disorder and deviant behavior among senior secondary school students in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State. Various deviant behaviours of varying degrees ranging from truancy, lateness, fighting, bullying, cheating in examination, vandalism, drugs abuse, rape, disrespect to authority etc. leading to inadequate preparation towards academic test and examinations. Based on the above, hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. The study was delimited to Obubra Local Government Area and SS two students were used for the study. Anxiety disorder was delimited to phobic anxiety disorder. The instrument use was the Anxiety Disorder and Deviant Behavior Questionnaire (ADDBP) and it contained forty 40 items. A sample population of 247 students distributed among the five secondary schools in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State – Nigeria were used for the survey. Pearson product correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Based on the research findings recommendations were made.

Students' Views on the Use of Tablet Computers in Education.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore high school students’ views on the use of tablet computers in education. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research method was employed whereby data was obtained from 16 high school students using one-to-one semi-structured interviews and then, subjected to content analysis. The findings showed that all the participating students expressed a positive attitude towards tablet computers prior to their use in education. However, students stated that, after a short period spent on using the tablet computers, they found that tablet computers affected student–teacher and student–student interaction. A significant number of the students stated that the educational content presented in the Educational Information Network (EBA) Portal was inadequate and inappropriate to their level. Also, in terms of the learning and teaching process, the students raised several concerns. To facilitate the effective use of tablet computers in education, students made several recommendations.Keywords: FATIH Project, tablet computers, technology integration in education, tablet computers in education.

Improving Informative and Narrative Writing Skills Associated with Multimodal Literacy of Middle School Students.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to improve informative and narrative writing skills of middle school students. The study was designed with action research. The research group is middle school students. Data collection techniques were student diary, semi-structured interview form, semi-structured observation form and documents that consist of comics produced by the students. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used together in the analysis. It has been determined that the writing process has not attracted students; however, comic books have been shown to attract students It has also been found that the process of semantic interpretation of the text is facilitated. It has been determined that most spelling and punctuation mistakes were made in the writing process. It is thought that the reasons for these mistakes are the habits of out-of-school life. It has been determined that writing processes related to multimodal texts have a positive effect on students’ interest and sense of responsibility.Keywords: Comic book, graphic novel, informative writing, middle school student, narrative writing.*

Use of geographic information systems (GIS) in geography lessons according to teachers’ opinion

Abstract: The purpose of the present study is to determine geography teachers’ opinions about how often, for what reasons and for what subjects the geographic information systems (GIS) are used in geography lessons. This qualitative study was carried out based on phenomenological design. The study was conducted with 15 geography teachers servicing at different schools in a city of Turkey. The teachers’ opinions were obtained via the semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher and the series of obtained data were analysed via the content analysis method. The study results showed that a great majority of the teachers did not use the GIS in their lessons and the reason for this was that they are not having sufficient knowledge about how to use them. Also, the teachers emphasised the insufficiency of possibilities, infrastructure, software and hardware. However, it was observed that all the teachers agreed on the necessity of using the GIS in geography lessons.

Foundational Principles and Practices to Consider in Assessing Maker Education.

Abstract: The maker education movement is growing in the United States. In order for this movement to gain widespread acceptance it is critical that students’ learning goals and progress towards those goals are clearly visible to all stakeholders. Given that traditional assessment methods may not be best suited for measuring some of the higher order skills associated with maker education, this paper explores this essential question: What are the critical principles and practices to consider when designing an effective assessment plan for maker education? Following a brief definition and history of maker education, the authors suggest that there are eight principles and five practices worthy of consideration when designing an assessment plan for students engaged with maker education experiences. An appendix containing example assessment tools is included.

An Evaluation of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of In-Service Teachers: A Study in Turkish Public Schools.

Abstract: In the current study, the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) perceptions of Turkish in-service teachers working in public schools were investigated. The survey method was employed to investigate the in-servive teachers’ perceptions of TPACK in terms of some demographic variables. The participants of the study consisted of volunteering in-service teachers (n = 200) from different public elementary and high schools. The results of the study indicated that the in-service teachers’ TPACK perceptions were affected by their gender, occupational experience, educational level, teaching level, and taking educational computer and Internet use seminar variables. The results also revealed that the in-service teachers’ perceptions of TPACK were at a moderate level. The results suggested that further efforts are required to develop the in-service teachers’ TPACK perceptions in order to integrate ICTs into teaching and learning process effectively in the classroom.

Conducting Synchronous Assessment through Web Videoconference to Improve Online Learning: Case Outcomes with Nonparametric Analysis

Abstract: Online assessment has always been a challenge to online teaching. Educators have been exploring a variety of methods to perform online assessment. However, it appears that there is not enough work in the field focusing on online synchronous assessment. This paper presents two cases that demonstrate the design and implementation of using web videoconference for synchronous assessment in an educational research methods online course and an instructional video production online course. The purpose of the two cases was to explore whether or with what methods student online learning could be improved through synchronous assessment. Case outcomes were analyzed with nonparametric methods, and the results did show students’ improvement in their learning, specifically in their understanding and mastering of factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge. Methods, procedures, tips and cautions of conducting such videoconference-based synchronous assessment in online courses are discussed.

A Review on Effect of Social Media on Education in Sudan

Abstract: Social networking is one of the most important media outlets, whose stars have risen in cyberspace, becoming a prominent communication tool, particularly in students’ communities. Technology integration is being increasingly used in instruction to improve teaching and learning. In Sudan as a developing country, the extent to which educators are able to integrate social media into the curriculum is limited. There is no actual practice of ICT in the learning process, but use it as an additional use in the teaching process. New methods must be improved to integrate that into the curriculum. In this survey paper, past and recent related works are reviewed some investigated to use Social media by teachers in promoting the educational process.

Podcast Applications in Pre-service Language Teacher Education from a Constructivist Perspective

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service English language teachers towards the use of podcasts. In addition, it surveys to what extent the pre-service language teachers use Web 2 tools in their academic lives as well as in their personal lives and their views on the benefits and drawbacks of podcasts. The Teaching Language Skills Course designed specifically for the third year pre-service teachers is blended with podcasting in a web-based platform. Twenty-two pre-service language teachers who take the course constitute the working group. The theoretical background of this study is based on social constructivism and a mixed method research design is used. The questionnaire and face-to-face interviews are held at the beginning and the results are compared to see if there is a significant change. Results show that participants have a positive view of podcasts in general and have a tendency to use the podcasts in their following teaching career.

Adaptation of interaction in web environments with educational content

Abstract: This study, which aims to determine the design principles of interaction adaptation in adaptive online learning environments, was based on a mixed and comparative type of relational screening model. Modified online Delphi method was employed in order to develop the principles and determine the relative importance. Ninety experts participated in the study. Arithmetic mean, first quartile deviation, standard deviation and intraclass coefficient of correlation were utilised to determine the levels of agreement of the experts on the principles. Two hundred and seventy studies which included parameters utilised during the design of interaction were analysed by using content analysis and the robustness of the findings was categorically evaluated, and it was found that experts had almost full agreement on all the 10 principles. Furthermore, the agreement on principles between the observers (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.903) was found perfect. The obtained principles that indicate the common inclinations both in the literature and of the domain experts should be employed.