Showing papers in "Labour Economics in 2000"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role and influence of self-employment across the OECD and found that the self-employed have higher levels of job satisfaction than employees and are less willing to move from their neighborhoods, towns and regions than are employees, presumably because of the pull of their customers.

TL;DR: The authors examined the relationship between parenthood, wages, and hours worked for married men and women and found evidence of negative selection into parenthood and substantial child-related reallocations of time within the household, and heterogeneity in the effects of children on household behavior.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated high rates of self-employment among ethnic minorities in England and Wales using a framework in which the self-employment decision is influenced by ethnic-specific attributes as well as sectoral earnings differentials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used evidence on variation in the gender gap in labor force participation rates (LFPR) across home country groups in the United States, analyzes cross-country differences in these gaps.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare firm survival and employment growth of start-ups by unemployed and others, based on firm data from 15 regions in East and West Germany, and find that firm survival is negatively affected by foundation from unemployment in East Germany (−6%), an influence on employment growth is not evident.

TL;DR: The authors study the character of self-employment, drawing upon household survey evidence from six transition economies, and find that self-employment status is intermediate in most characteristics; tests reject the pooling of any of these categories.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the importance of macroeconomic conditions and the tax environment in explaining the trends in male self-employment in Canada and the United States, and suggest that higher income tax and unemployment rates are associated with an increase in the rates of self employment among North American men.

TL;DR: The authors examined the impact of US income and payroll taxes on the decision of wage and salary employees to become self-employed and found that differential taxation has significant effects on the probability of making a transition into self-employment.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether there are any wage differentials between workers in the public and the private sectors after standardising for worker characteristics and sector selection effects, they found a private sector wage advantage The wage premium is particularly pronounced for University-educated workers

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the impact of training on workers' wages in France and found that individuals who are the most likely to be placed in training programs are also those with the highest unmeasured abilities.

TL;DR: This article examined the effect of minimum wage increases on teen hours of work and employment using both state and individual-level panel data in the US and found that low-wage teens are less likely to remain employed, relative to high-wage teenagers, when the minimum wage is raised.

TL;DR: This article provided new estimates of the effect of unemployment insurance on subsequent earnings, using data on workers displaced in the period 1983-1990, but only when compared recipients with non-recipients.

TL;DR: This article examined the effects of spells of self-employment on the future wage and salary sector earnings of male and female workers in the United States and found substantial penalties arise for women, in terms of returns to experience, while there is little or no impact for men.

TL;DR: In this article, the scope of firm-union bargaining is determined in a union-oligopoly model with decentralized negotiations, and it is shown that if the unions' power is sufficiently high, all bargaining units choose to negotiate over wages alone, i.e., universal right-to-manage bargaining emerges in equilibrium.

TL;DR: The authors examined the influence of relative deprivation (RD) on the strategy choice of workers in tournaments and found that workers who experience RD exert more effort than workers who maximize their expected absolute incomes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare two large groups of Norwegian unemployed persons who registered as unemployed in 1990 and 1991 and find neither clear evidence that the hazard into employment increased when the end of benefits approached in the pre-liberalisation group, nor that behaviour in this part of the spells changed after the reform.

TL;DR: The authors discusses the effect of tax progression on wage setting and employment in a unionized labour market and shows that tax progression paradoxically enhances employment if wage setting is subject to collective bargaining.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the likely impact that European Union (EU) will have on the labor compact and present evidence that labor mobility among EU countries has not increased after the elimination of remaining restrictions on intra-EU labor mobility in 1993.

TL;DR: For example, this paper found that the degree of transmission in earnings and consumption from fathers to sons lies in the neighborhood of 0.4 and the correlation in consumption is larger than that between fathers' and sons' earnings.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a sample of 1876 labor contracts signed during the period 1977-1988 to provide an empirical test of the efficient risk sharing hypothesis (known as the ERS hypothesis).

TL;DR: In this article, a specific form of human capital is analyzed, relational capital, which consists of matches between market parties, and the control over such matches is transferred within firms from those who initially control it to anyone who works with it for a period.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight the social costs from non-price rationing of the labour force due to the minimum wage and propose a model to model the deadweight loss that society bears when high-reserve-cost workers displace low-reservice workers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that an opposite effect arises when both wages and working hours are subject to bargaining and this may reverse the traditional result and this is especially likely if the bargaining power of workers is low and if labour supply is relatively elastic.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative importance of sectoral regional and national factors in the explanation of changes in industrial structure and their impact on unemployment is analyzed, and the econometric exercise illustrates that, given the structural features of the Italian labour market, the decline in intersectoral and interregional labour reallocations has significantly contributed to the increase of unemployment.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the duration of labor contracts and focus on the strategic effect arising from the different lengths that labor contracts have, and show that the length of a labor contract has a significant effect on its strategic effect.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model of individual wage bargaining between heterogeneous workers and firms, with instantaneous matching, free firm entry, workers' individual productivities are discovered by firms only after being hired, and it is expensive for firms to hire and fire workers.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if differential benefits for shirkers and non-shirkers exist, higher unemployment compensation for non-Shirkers will reduce unemployment in the long run.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model of labour supply with job offer restrictions is presented, where a job offer is defined by a wage rate and working hours, and the number of job offers is restricted, and follows a Poisson distribution.

TL;DR: The authors used regression analysis to identify the effects of social welfare reforms on several dimensions of labour supply behavior in New Zealand and found compelling evidence that these reforms increased aggregate labour supply in this country.

TL;DR: The authors analyzes provincial employment-topopulation ratios for 1966-1994 and unionized bargaining unit employment growth rates for 1966−1993 to test for an impact of provincial strike replacement policies in Canada.