Showing papers in "Labour Economics in 2012"

TL;DR: The larger message of this paper is that soft skills predict success in life, that they causally produce that success, and that programs that enhance soft skills have an important place in an effective portfolio of public policies.

TL;DR: This paper used Swedish register data to examine four classical outcomes in empirical labor economics: IQ noncognitive skills, years of schooling and long run earnings, and estimate sibling correlat cation.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of labor market competition as a determinant of attitudes toward immigration was examined and it was shown that working in jobs that require high levels of specific human capital leads to relatively more pro-immigration attitudes, although this effect was only found for respondents with more than 12 years of schooling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present new evidence on the patterns of price and wage adjustment in European firms and on the extent of nominal rigidities, using a unique dataset collected through a firm-level survey conducted in 17 European countries and covering various sectors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of migration in affecting the labour market opportunities of male and female household members left behind was examined by analyzing the impact of international migration flows from Albania, where migration is a massive and male-dominated phenomenon.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of policy reforms on the labor market were modeled using information on firms' labor demand behavior and feed them into a structural labor supply model, completing the partial analysis on the microdata level.

TL;DR: This article used a correspondence test to determine whether discrimination is due to prejudice against specific groups, or a general preference for the majority group, and found that resumes with Anglo-Saxon names generated nearly one third more call-backs than identical resumes with non-AngloSaxon ones, either African-American or Foreign.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the validity of subjective data on expectations of job loss and on the probability of re-employment consequent on job loss, by examining associations between expectations and realisations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply the real option approach to evaluate the option value of a student's education in a multi-stage process of investing in an accumulative human capital stock.

TL;DR: This article examined the size and cyclicality of worker gross flows and transition probabilities between employment, unemployment and inactivity in the United Kingdom for the period between 1993 and 2010 using Labour Force Survey data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of motherhood on job dimensions other than wages and found that women with children tend to earn lower hourly wages than women without children, a shortfall known as the motherhood wage gap.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of leadership is proposed and tested, which implies that leaders tend to be more able, place themselves in visible decision making situations more frequently and are generalists.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the sign and significance of the coefficient of σ conditioning on country characteristics, initial conditions, and a set of policy variables, and found strong support for the hypothesis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the connections between a woman's early life disease environment and her future health, socioeconomic status, and the health of her children, and found that exposure to disease in early childhood significantly increases the incidence of diabetes and is associated with worse socioeconomic status and maternal behaviors.

TL;DR: The authors analyzes whether citizenship acquisition affects the labor market performance of immigrants in Germany and finds strong processes of self-selection within the immigrant workforce concerning the naturalization decision, indicating an immediate positive naturalization effect on wages.

TL;DR: This article examined the impact of trade and constitutional reforms (such as increased firing costs, tighter restrictions on overtime work, and fewer restrictions on union activity) on the rise in informality in Brazilian metropolitan labor markets.

TL;DR: The authors developed a simple model relating the level of the minimum wage to the setting regime and found that a Government legislated minimum wage is lower than a wage floor set within collective agreements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors specify and analyze equilibrium in a labor market with frictions when there is a significant public sector and provide answers to such questions as: what happens to private sector wages if the public sector is increased? If the Government increases the number of public sector jobs, does this crowd out private sector jobs? When will private sector wage be greater (less) than the public-sector wage? Reasonably complete answers to these questions (and others) are provided within the context of the model developed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss instrumental variable estimates of the effect of providing unpaid adult care on the caregivers' probability of being employed, using eight waves of the European Community Household Panel, focusing on men aged 40−64 and women aged 40-59 from thirteen Member States, aggregated in two groups of Northern-Central and Southern countries.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the responsiveness of individual retirement decisions to changes in financial incentives and find that a permanent reduction of retirement benefits by 3.4% induces a decline in the age-specific annual retirement probability by over 50%.

TL;DR: The authors developed several static three-sector general equilibrium models with diverse labor market structures to investigate the effects of government provision of public infrastructure on the skilled-unskilled wage inequality in developing countries.

TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between breastfeeding and children's cognitive and non-cognitive development and found that breastfeeding for four weeks is positively and statistically significantly associated with higher cognitive test scores, by around one tenth of a standard deviation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential relationships between the unemployment insurance system and the labour market turnover were investigated. But the authors focused on the potential relationship between the insurance system's incentives and the labor market turnover and the traditional view that this socioeconomic system has only behavioral consequences from the labour supply side of the job market.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative intensity and character of price vs. cost and wage vs. employment firm-level adjustment to cost-push shocks in the European System of Central Banks Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) survey data set was analyzed.

TL;DR: This article found that firms facing base wage rigidity are more likely to use alternative margins of labour cost adjustment; therefore there appears to be some degree of substitutability between wage flexibility and the flexibility of other cost components.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify the impact of offshoring and other globalisation measures on individual perceptions of job security, and find that high-skilled workers are more sensitive to off-shoring although their objective job loss risk is lower relative to low skilled workers.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relative importance of internal versus external factors in the setting of wages of newly hired workers was investigated from a rich firm-level survey on wage and price-setting procedures in 15 European Union countries, with internal pay structures binding even more often when there is labour market slack.

TL;DR: This article explored a reform that increased the employment protection gap between open-ended and fixed-term contracts and generated a quasi-experiment, which indicated an increase in the share and in the excess turnover of fixed term contracts in treated firms.

TL;DR: This paper found that returns to experience and seniority are similar for immigrant and native workers, but that differences in job mobility and intermittent spells of unemployment are major sources of disparity in lifetime wage growth.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the results of an employment promotion policy introduced in Spain in 2004 which increased the deductions to the Social Security contributions paid by employers that hired disabled women.