Showing papers in "Life Sciences in 1995"

TL;DR: The evolutionary process involved in the discovery of the selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, is described and some of the large body of scientific research performed on fluoxettine in the 20 years since the first publication is summarized.

TL;DR: A new view is described which argues that cytokines signal brain in quite a different manner, by stimulating afferent terminals of peripheral nerves at local sites of synthesis and release.

TL;DR: Further characterization of the influence of various phytosterol subcomponents on lipoprotein profiles in humans is required to maximize the usefulness of this non-pharmacological approach to reduction of atherosclerosis in the population.

TL;DR: The age-related onset and progressive course of these neurodegenerative diseases may be due to a cycling process between impaired energy metabolism and oxidative stress.

TL;DR: Structural-function studies indicate that the core residues in SST-14 ligand Phe6-Phe11 dock within a ligand binding pocket located in TMDs 3-7 which is lined by hydrophobic and charged amino acid residues.

TL;DR: Results of experimentation to date demonstrate that a hollow fiber encapsulation/implantation methodology provides quantitative indices of drug efficacy with minimum expenditures of time and materials.

TL;DR: In vitro, SR141716A antagonizes the inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on both mouse vas deferens contractions and dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities in rat brain membranes, and will provide a powerful tool for studying the in vivo functions of the anandamide/cannabinoid system.

TL;DR: Molecular dissection of this pathway should further unravel cytokine-mediated signaling processes and help devise new immunosuppressants.

TL;DR: Results from recent studies indicate that capsaicin possesses the chemoprotective activity against some chemical carcinogens and mutagens.

TL;DR: It is suggested that melatonin confers marked protection against paraquat-induced oxidative toxicity in both the lung and liver.

TL;DR: The diversity of behavioral effects of available nAChR agonists and antagonists reviewed in this paper suggests that neuronal nA ChR subtypes may play distinct roles in a variety of behavioral outcomes.

TL;DR: Feeding fermentable fructo-oligosaccharides may constitute a good way to counteract syndromes resulting from hyperammonemia or disturbed Fe, Ca, Mg and Zn homeostasis.

TL;DR: Significant advances in the methods to produce and culture tissue slices have been made, as well as the application of the technique to several other organs, including kidney, lung and heart, are made.

TL;DR: Agmatine in male Long Evans rats of 3, 12, and 24 months of age demonstrated similar but not identical tissue distribution without any effect of aging, raising the possibility that agmatine may, as in bacteria, serve as a polyamine precursor along metabolic pathways previously not detected in mammals.

TL;DR: THC's action on brain reward substrates, previously demonstrated by electrical brain stimulation reward, in vivo brain microdialysis, and in vitro brain electrochemistry studies, reflects itself behaviorally in increased appetitive motivational value for environmental stimuli associated with ingestion of marijuana and hashish.

TL;DR: It is suggested that S-methadone does not essentially contribute to opioid effect of racemic methadone, as expected, and has a receptor binding profile which resembles that of morphine.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the highly selective 5-HT2A antagonist MDL 100,907 to explore the contribution of 5-H2A receptor blockade to antipsychotic activity.

TL;DR: The results suggest that at doses of 4-6 mg the in vivo D2 receptor occupancy of ris peridone is similar to that of typical neuroleptics and higher than that of clozapine, which would suggest that the EPS benefits of risperidone cannot be explained by a low D2 binding but may be related to its high 5-HT2 affinity.

TL;DR: The data accumulated to date indicate that the Km, and possibly the Vmax/Km, for individual substrates are the best parameters to assess the specificity of the enzymes towards xenobiotic molecules.

TL;DR: NOS enzyme activity was detected in the platelet particulate subcellular fraction, as previously demonstrated for ecNOS in other cells, and may play a role in the regulation of platelet function by an endogenous NO pathway.

TL;DR: Production of hydroxyl radicals was examined in the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin to prove its involvement to the pathogenesis of diabetes and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was suggested to account for some pathological process especially in the heart muscle and brain.

TL;DR: The results indicate that phytoestrogens may modulate the SBP activity and so influence the role of this protein in the delivery of hormonal information to sex steroid-dependent cells.

TL;DR: Accumulated evidence supports use of citicoline to enhance membrane maintenance, membrane repair, and neuronal function in conditions such as ischemic and traumatic injuries.

TL;DR: This review highlights the information available on the genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P4502D6 expression in man and several lines of evidence indicate that CYP2D 6 could be involved in biotransformation of endogenous compounds.

TL;DR: Differences in dissociation constant imply that the mouse vas deferens may contain more than one type of cannabinoid receptor, and that the receptors for which AM630 has the highest affinity may not be CB1 cannabinoid receptors.

TL;DR: At least two periventricular structures within the brain are involved in cannabinoid antinociception, and microinjections into the lateral ventricle and dorsal raphe significantly elevated tail-flick latencies are indicated.

TL;DR: It is concluded that chemical variations at 3- and 6-position of morphine independently affect the affinity to opioid receptor subtypes.

TL;DR: Capillary depletion confirmed that blood-borne I-Amy completely crossed the BBB to enter the parenchymal/interstitial fluid space of the cerebral cortex, and showed thatBlood-borne amylin has access to brain tissue and may be involved in some of the CNS manifestations of diabetes mellitus.

TL;DR: A cannabinoid with lower psychotropic potency than the main Cannabis constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta- 9-THC), was administered to eight children, aged 3-13 years with various hematologic cancers, treated with different antineoplastic drugs for up to 8 months.

TL;DR: Gossypolone is less potent than gOSSypol in producing these effects in the human breast cancer cell lines, whereas it possesses equipotent antisteroidogenic and antireproductive activities with gossypl.