Showing papers in "Livestock Production Science in 1976"

TL;DR: With automated systems for higher feeding frequencies it will be possible to increase milk production without decrease of milk fat content and other metabolic disorders and the better energy supply will lead to a better supply of microbial protein as well and therefore prevent a decrease in milk protein content.

TL;DR: Evidence was obtained for a good enough adjustment of intake to the cows' needs when highly “ingestible” and high energy diets are given, but a failure of this regulation is observed at the beginning and at the end of lactation.

TL;DR: It appears that heterosis accounts for the major part of the gain from crossing in swine, with the present trend to pay attention not only to the final cross but to the whole crossbreeding system, either as static (at demographic equilibrium) or dynamic (transition phase from another system).

TL;DR: It is concluded that efficiency of utilization of food energy for milk production could be improved by minimizing cyclic variations in liveweight of the cow during lactation by altering the composition of the diet to match the energy demand of thecow.

TL;DR: It is concluded that control of reproduction, as well as reduction of the weaning age represent two means liable to increase the numerical productivity of French sow herds.

TL;DR: In this paper, a brief account of recent work on social hierarchy and its relation to production and disease in the domesticated pig is given, covering the development of the teat order and its influence (if any) on the dominance hierarchy, mechanisms by which previously unacquainted pigs sort themselves out into a social order, the leadership hierarchy, the factors affecting the stability of the dominance hierarchies, and the way in which a breakdown of the normal social order may contribute to outbreaks of aggression within previously contented groups of pigs.

TL;DR: Gestation length, birth weight and calving performance were strongly influenced by breed of sire, breed of dam and sex of calf, while the variation in gestation length seemed to have only a slight effect on birth weight.

TL;DR: The use of milk replacer only seems to be satisfactory up to a live weight of about 18 kg; thereafter, addition of concentrates to the diet is preferable and for slaughter weights above 25 kg, it is economically better to wean the kids even if the growth rate is reduced.

TL;DR: Measuring the temperature in the clawpiece during milking may open up prospects for an automated system to identify cows which are on heat or sick to detect sick cows and cows on heat.

TL;DR: A substantial improvement in calving performance and calf mortality can be achieved, however, through selection within breeds, optimal organization of breeding structures, choice of appropriate beef breeds for cross-breeding on heifers and cows, respectively, and timing calving to occur at favourable ages and in favourable seasons.

TL;DR: Initial yield and persistency of 10400 Friesian heifers were measured by a linear regression model and there resulted selection indices which corresponded closely to a selection on the basis of 305-days-records.

TL;DR: Heart rate (HR) and production of carbon dioxide (for determination of heat production, HP) were measured simultaneously indoors over a wide range of metabolic rates for three Jersey calves aged 6–30 weeks.

TL;DR: The paper summarises the results of several surveys and experiments carried out to clarify the etiology and predisposing factors of respiratory diseases and of the management methods used on Swiss farms producing milk-fattened veal calves.

TL;DR: The feed intake was strongly restricted by the high temperature, while water consumption showed an extremely high variance, and the daily gains were strongly depressed, although the feed conversion ratios of the warm- and cold-housed animals were not significantly different.

TL;DR: Investigations indicate maximal protein synthesis to take place within the live weight area of 90–100 kg and high correlations were found between the chemical composition of the different anatomical fractions in 90-kg pigs.

TL;DR: Investigations carried out in Poland are reviewed on the crude chemical body composition of growing pigs and it is shown how the genotype and the level of feeding jointly affect the fat to protein ratio in the live-weight gain.

TL;DR: Investigations were made on 120 wethers fattened semi-intensively to a weight of 45 kg liveweight, originated from commercial crosses of the Polish Merino with rams of the breeds Blackheaded Mutton, Ile de France and Texel as well as pure Merino (M) in the control group.

TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest that lactating dairy cows with lower than normal albumin concentrations between 40 and 100 days after calving require more services per conception than those with normal concentrations.

TL;DR: Free fatty acids dominate the lipid composition of bacteria and phospholipids dominate in that of protozoa, and some slight variations in certain amino acids were observed in relation to the nature of the supplements.

TL;DR: The survey as mentioned in this paper summarizes the experimental work in the different countries and gives details on 86 separate projects concerned with breed and strain evaluation in pure and crossbreeding situations, and gives a general summary of the survey and recommendations on the methodology for future experiments.

TL;DR: An approach to improved efficiency of use of animal and land resources for milk and beef production emerged in terms of the more effective utilisation of the 80 million cattle of the Community and of its crops and by-products.

TL;DR: From a simulation study of a closed herd situation where all male and female offspring were performance tested, it was concluded that selection via sows gives maximum genetic progress when the sows produce between 2 and 3 litters.

TL;DR: Research in Holsteins and a review of management trait information in North America indicates dystocia can be minimized by selecting sires for production, evaluating them for ease of calving, mating heifers to sires whose offspring are born easily without direct selection against dyStocia.