Luminescence 

About: Luminescence is an academic journal published by Wiley. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Medicine & Photoluminescence. It has an ISSN identifier of 1522-7235. Over the lifetime, 2888 publications have been published receiving 33414 citations. The journal is also known as: Luminescence.

The red‐edge effects: 30 years of exploration

Abstract: In 1970, three laboratories independently made a discovery that, for aromatic fluorophores embedded into different rigid and highly viscous media, the spectroscopic properties do not conform to classical rules. The fluorescence spectra can depend on excitation wavelength, and the excited-state energy transfer, if present, fails at the "red" excitation edge. These red-edge effects were related to the existence of excited-state distribution of fluorophores on their interaction energy with the environment and the slow rate of dielectric relaxation of this environment. In these conditions the site-selection can be provided by variation of the energy of illuminating light quanta, and the behaviour of selected species can be followed as a function of time and other variables. These observations found extensive application in different areas of research: colloid and polymer science, molecular biophysics, photochemistry and photobiology. In particular, they led to the development of very productive methods of studying the dynamics of dielectric relaxations in protein and membranes, using the tryptophan emission and the emission of a variety of probes. These studies were extended to the time domain with the observation of new site-selective effects in emission intensity and anisotropy decays. They stimulated the emergence and development of cryogenic energy-selective and single-molecular techniques that became valuable tools in their own right in chemistry and biophysics research. Site-selection effects were discovered for electron-transfer and proton-transfer reactions if they depended on the dynamics of the environment. This review is focused on the progress in the field of red-edge effects, their applications and prospects.

Imaging of light emission from the expression of luciferases in living cells and organisms: a review.

Abstract: Luciferases are enzymes that emit light in the presence of oxygen and a substrate (luciferin) and which have been used for real-time, low-light imaging of gene expression in cell cultures, individual cells, whole organisms, and transgenic organisms. Such luciferin-luciferase systems include, among others, the bacterial lux genes of terrestrial Photorhabdus luminescens and marine Vibrio harveyi bacteria, as well as eukaryotic luciferase luc and ruc genes from firefly species (Photinus) and the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis), respectively. In various vectors and in fusion constructs with other gene products such as green fluorescence protein (GFP; from the jellyfish Aequorea), luciferases have served as reporters in a number of promoter search and targeted gene expression experiments over the last two decades. Luciferase imaging has also been used to trace bacterial and viral infection in vivo and to visualize the proliferation of tumour cells in animal models.

Analytical applications of flow injection with chemiluminescence detection--a review.

Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on analytical applications of flow injection (FI) techniques with chemiluminescence (CL) detection from 1995-1999. The focus is on the application of FI-CL to the quantitative determination of specific analytes in real sample matrices. Therefore, entries have been tabulated under the most appropriate application area, ie pharmaceutical, environmental, foods and beverages and biomedical, as defined by the matrix that has been analysed. Each table lists analytes alphabetically and gives details of the exact sample matrix, the limit of detection (as reported in the original paper) and comments on the CL reaction used.

Evaluation of two methods for monitoring surface cleanliness-ATP bioluminescence and traditional hygiene swabbing.

Abstract: The minimum bacterial detection limits and operator reproducibility of the Biotrace Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test and traditional hygiene swabbing were determined. Areas (100 cm2) of food grade stainless steel were separately inoculated with known levels of Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Surfaces were sampled either immediately after inoculation while still wet, or after 60 min when completely dry. For both organisms the minimum detection limit of the ATP Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test was 10(4) cfu/100 cm2 (p 10(7) cfu/100 cm2. Hygiene swabbing percentage recovery rates for both organisms were less than 0.1% for dried surfaces but ranged from 0.33% to 8.8% for wet surfaces. When assessed by six technically qualified operators, the Biotrace Clean-Tracetrade mark Rapid Cleanliness Test gave superior reproducibility for both clean and inoculated surfaces, giving mean coefficients of variation of 24% and 32%, respectively. Hygiene swabbing of inoculated surfaces gave a mean CV of 130%. The results are discussed in the context of hygiene monitoring within the food industry.

Sodium azide as a specific quencher of singlet oxygen during chemiluminescent detection by luminol and Cypridina luciferin analogues.

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are presently thought to play important role in an increasing number of the physiological and pathological processes in living organisms. Various chemiluminescent (CL) compounds have been studied in order to find suitable and specific probes for the detection of particular ROS species. The CL of luminol is known to be non-specific and can be induced by various oxidants. Two Cypridina luciferin analogues, CLA and MCLA, have been used for the detection of ROS in vivo. CLAs are thought to emit light only when reacting with superoxide and singlet oxygen. It is possible to distinguish the particular ROS by using a specific quencher or scavenger, e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) or sodium azide (NaN(3)). The CL reactions of luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide), CLA [2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2α) pyrazin-3-one] and MCLA [2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo(1,2α) pyrazin-3-one] were studied in three hydrogen peroxide decomposition systems (H(2)O(2)-HRP; H(2)O(2)-CuSO(4); and H(2)O(2)-NaOCl). The measurements were carried out in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 25°C, using a luminometer (Fluoroskan Ascent FL and Sirius C). NaN(3) was used as the specific quencher of singlet oxygen. The results demonstrate that the proclaimed specificity of the CL of Cypridina luciferin analogues towards singlet oxygen has to be discussed.