Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, the head of the Department of Cartography at Moscow University proposes a number of changes in cartographic higher education in light of advances in mapping technologies and new tasks for geography in conjunction with the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (1986-1990).
Abstract: The head of the Department of Cartography at Moscow University proposes a number of changes in cartographic higher education in light of advances in mapping technologies and new tasks for geography in conjunction with the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (1986-1990). The recommendations outlined include: (a) a more precise understanding of the discipline's place in the system of sciences in the planning of cartography curricula in higher education; (b) the assignment of key leadership positions in GIS organization and operation to university-trained geographical cartographers (and consequently the restructuring of cartographic training in directions which will make this possible). Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 3-11.
2 citations
TL;DR: What readability entails, and the approaches used to measure it (what types of things are comprehended, how fast, and how accurately) will depend upon the level of representation, which can be estimated quantitatively by surrogate measures.
Abstract: An effort is made at developing a theory of map readability, defined as the process of the user's representation of the information of the map in his/her own mind. This can be estimated quantitatively by surrogate measures, which include the speed of map comprehension and accuracy of map interpretation. Levels of psychological representation of map information are incorporated to determine at what stage particular aspects of map knowledge are understood. Thus what readability entails, and the approaches used to measure it (what types of things are comprehended, how fast, and how accurately) will depend upon the level of representation. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 [geologiya, geografiya], 1988, No. 1, pp. 32-37.
2 citations
TL;DR: An article devoted to applied forest-fire mapping outlines principles for the compilation of maps depicting “raw materials” for such fires, with particular attention to identification and mapping of “basic conductors” of combustion–layers of forest litter and mossypeaty vegetation along which a forest fire normally spreads.
Abstract: An article devoted to applied forest-fire mapping outlines principles for the compilation of maps depicting “raw materials” for such fires. Various types and densities of vegetation cover are class...
1 citations
TL;DR: The author, long interested in linkages between cartography, photogrammetry, and remote sensing, elaborates a scheme for organizing all geographic images under the unifying concept of the “geoimage.”
Abstract: The author, long interested in linkages between cartography, photogrammetry, and remote sensing [see, for example, MSRS, 1986, Nos 2 and 3], elaborates a scheme for organizing all geographic images under the unifying concept of the “geoimage” The term is defined generally, followed by a description of the specific types of cartographic and remote sensing materials believed to comprise it Concluding sections outline the different types of generalization affecting the use of various geoimages and directions of research viewed as necessary for the future Translated by Jay K Mitchell, PlanEcon Inc, Washington, DC 20005 from: Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1987, No 5, pp 403-411
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment is described in which multiscalar remote sensing imagery is sequentially employed in the detection of various rankings of soil types endemic to the taiga natural zone in the northern USSR.
Abstract: An experiment is described in which multiscalar remote sensing imagery is sequentially employed in the detection of various rankings of soil types endemic to the taiga natural zone in the northern USSR. Relief features, vegetation associations, extent of surface water, and drainage patterns visible on imagery at scales from 1:12,000,000 to 1:5,000, also examined at low altitude and in the field at a series of test sites, served as indicators of various soil cover types. Considerable attention is given to an explanation of why these features can be considered valid indicators of taiga soil types as well as to the appearance of the indicators on band-specific (black-and-white) and color composite imagery. Translated from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1987, No. 3, pp. 87-99.
1 citations
TL;DR: A review article on world bathymetric mapping activity over the last quarter century from a Soviet perspective provides information about Soviet mapping programs of the deep sea and continental shelf and addresses a number of methodological issues.
Abstract: A review article on world bathymetric mapping activity over the last quarter century from a Soviet perspective provides information about Soviet mapping programs of the deep sea and continental shelf. In addition, it addresses a number of methodological issues in bathymetric mapping which are attributed to the lag between advances in practical mapping activity and the development of cartographic theory—the selection of isobath intervals and appropriate scales for different sea floor features and intended map uses, and the proper use of layer tinting and other graphic techniques to depict variations in water depth without obscuring details of submarine topography. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 [geologiya, geografiya], 1987, No. 2, pp. 62-71.
1 citations
TL;DR: The foreign activities of the Soviet Union's major cartographic and geodetic service entail assistance and joint projects in the establishment of nationalGeodeziya i kartografiya, the compilation of national map series and atlases, and the training of indigenous Cartographic and Geodetic personnel.
Abstract: An article describes the foreign activities of the Soviet Union's major cartographic and geodetic service. For the most part these entail assistance and joint projects in the establishment of national geodetic networks and services, the compilation of national map series and atlases, and the training of indigenous cartographic and geodetic personnel. The countries involved are chiefly from the Third World, typically those with a history of economic relations with the USSR (e.g., Afghanistan, Cuba, Ethiopia, Mongolia, and Nicaragua). Exports of GUGK products to a much wider range of countries (including high-resolution space imagery to the U.S.) are described as well. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1988, No. 4, pp. 50-55.
1 citations
TL;DR: The author outlines the contributions of Soviet remote sensing activities to progress in geographical research in that country, and in particular in the fields of resource inventory and exploration and environmental monitoring.
Abstract: The author outlines the contributions of Soviet remote sensing activities to progress in geographical research in that country, and in particular in the fields of resource inventory and exploration and environmental monitoring. Particular emphasis is given to the role of space imagery in the compilation of small-scale map series and regional atlases and the impetus provided by the launching of the first second-generation Meteor-Priroda satellite in 1980, and to the growing importance of space imagery in environmental monitoring. A final section describes the cooperative “Interkosmos” program of remote sensing and space exploration. Translated from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1987, No. 5, pp. 48-54.
TL;DR: A paper devoted to applications of remote sensing in the analysis of marine biological productivity focuses on two major methodological issues: the selection of productivity indicators, and the choice of combinations of imaging conditions and sensor capabilities providing for the optimal recognition of these indicators.
Abstract: A paper devoted to applications of remote sensing in the analysis of marine biological productivity focuses on two major methodological issues: (1) the selection of productivity indicators, and (2) the choice of combinations of imaging conditions and sensor capabilities providing for the optimal recognition of these indicators. The list of the former includes indicators identifiable both from tonal and pattern characteristics and from relative location. A procedure for determining the latter is outlined in the form of equations, and figures and tables derived from them demonstrate levels of photographic contrast obtainable at various wavelengths and imaging heights. Translated from: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy: Geodeziya i aerofotos'yemka, 1987, No. 4, pp. 73-78.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the compilation of maps of slope angle and orientation based on principles of digital terrain modeling is outlined for compiling maps of slopes in a regular network, from which spline functions are calculated and height values interpreted for the appropriate lines and nodes in the network.
Abstract: A method is outlined for the compilation of maps of slope angle and orientation based on principles of digital terrain modeling. The basic sequence involves the transformation of data digitized from an air photo stereopair to a digital terrain model in the form of a regular network, from which spline functions are calculated and height values interpreted for the appropriate lines and nodes in the network. Slope angle and orientation are then calculated according to conventional procedures and a series of color maps (contours, slope angle, slope orientation) are generated using an automated mapping system developed at Moscow University. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1987, No. 4, pp. 30-36.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of basic theoretical principles of ecological mapping and types of maps of the environment sets the stage for a more detailed treatment of ecological-geographic maps, maps portraying a wide range of nature-society and nature-nature relationships.
Abstract: A review of basic theoretical principles of “ecological” mapping and types of maps of the environment sets the stage for a more detailed treatment of ecological-geographic maps—maps portraying a wide range of nature-society and nature-nature relationships—as they are used in support of economic development and environmental monitoring in Siberia. Particular attention is devoted to the compilation of map series, which include ecological-geographical maps, for the Lake Baykal area, BAM service zone, West Siberia, and specific territorial production complexes (e.g., Kansk-Achinsk TPC). Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 3, pp. 10-18.