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Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The potential utility of the Harrington “desirability” function is examined in the assessment of changes in soil humus content using spectrophotometric data, and the applicability of this method when there is only a small volume of experimental data is noted.
Abstract: The potential utility of the Harrington “desirability” function is examined in the assessment of changes in soil humus content using spectrophotometric data. The influence of external factors, such as sun angle, soil moisture content, and degree of soil cultivation, on spectral brightness coefficients is analyzed. The applicability of this method when there is only a small volume of experimental data is noted.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The author highlights problems arising when properties of symbol color and shape are utilized carelessly in map design, resulting in dissonance between the visual and cognitive attributes of information conveyed by a map.
Abstract: The author highlights problems arising when properties of symbol color and shape are utilized carelessly in map design, resulting in dissonance between the visual and cognitive attributes of information conveyed by a map. A number of experiments were conducted, featuring the variation of symbol color and shape, to determine the impact of different symbolization schemes on map users in terms of their ability to correctly perceive cartographic information. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 2, pp. 165-166.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a procedure for the mapping of soil geochemical anomalies surrounding a gas condensate deposit in upland East Siberia, showing areas in which matter is biologically cycled in different ways and at different intensities, as reflected in the dominance of different combinations of chemical elements in the soil.
Abstract: The authors outline a procedure for the mapping of soil geochemical anomalies surrounding a gas condensate deposit in upland East Siberia. An end product is a map showing areas in which matter is biologically cycled in different ways and at different intensities, as reflected in the dominance of different combinations of chemical elements in the soil. The paper explores the relationship between these geochemical regions and (a) related natural regions (vegetation, geomorphologic-geologic) and (b) types of human impact (e.g., fires, oil-gas drilling, pipeline construction). The methods employed are compared with previous methodologies of geochemical mapping—e.g., of Perel'man. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1997, No. 1, pp. 23-33

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a statistical analysis of cloud fields was made on the basis of observational data recorded by Meteor-series satellites during the period 1971-1990, and the mean monthly and annual total cloud quantities over all the continents and oceans were cited, accompanied by a discussion of their seasonal variations, trend and correlations with other meteorological phenomena.
Abstract: A statistical analysis of cloud fields was made on the basis of observational data recorded by Meteor-series satellites during the period 1971-1990. The mean monthly and annual total cloud quantities over all the continents and oceans are cited, accompanied by a discussion of their seasonal variations, trend, and correlations with other meteorological phenomena. A qualitative physical explanation of the observed regularities of cloud-field variations is given on the basis of the vorticity equation.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multi-year series of remote sensing images of the Neva Inlet and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was analyzed to determine the spatial-temporal variability of the distribution of suspended matter at different scales.
Abstract: A multi-year series of remote sensing images of the Neva Inlet and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was analyzed to determine the spatial-temporal variability of the distribution of suspended matter at different scales. Synoptic, seasonal, and interannual variability in the distribution of suspended matter is analyzed, taking into consideration distinctive characteristics of the waters of the Neva Inlet reflecting the variability of sea level and seasonal stratification of water masses. The contributions to pollution of the Inlet by dredging of bottom sediments and construction of urban areas are investigated and the Inlet's present condition is compared to that prevailing during the 1980s.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as mentioned in this paper describe principles and measures employed in the establishment of a regular program of ecological mapping at Russia's Central Siberian Biosphere Preserve, as well as efforts to standardize remote-sensing-based monitoring efforts through improved procedures for selection of reference plots for ground truth determination.
Abstract: Two specialists on the forest and wetland ecosystems of Siberia describe principles and measures employed in the establishment of a regular program of ecological mapping at Russia's Central Siberian Biosphere Preserve, as well as efforts to standardize remote-sensing-based monitoring efforts through improved procedures for selection of reference plots for ground truth determination. Issues addressed include the identification of principal ecological factors serving as landscape classification criteria, the need for better methods of interpreting an entire range of forest-wetland communities on remote sensing imagery, innovations in data gathering procedures in the field, selection of natural models [representative tracts] for monitoring in view of the technical infeasibility of monitoring the entire preserve, and selection of reference plots within each model for ground truth. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 2, pp. 36-43.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of a joint analysis of data recorded quasisynchronously in the Gulf Stream frontal zone by a radar with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) carried aboard the Almaz-I spacecraft and the Akademik Vernadskiy research ship (contact measurements) are presented.
Abstract: The results of a joint analysis of data recorded quasisynchronously in the Gulf Stream frontal zone by a radar with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) carried aboard the Almaz-I spacecraft and the Akademik Vernadskiy research ship (contact measurements) are presented. It is shown that the dark linear structures visible on SAR images are radar images of zones of current convergence, in which surfactants are accumulated, suppressing cm-length ripples. In the case of wave propagation in the same direction as the current, the effects of refraction and reflection of surface waves, leading to the formation of regions of concentration of waves at the current boundaries and in the wave “shadow” region, are detected and investigated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The possibility of simultaneous measurement of wind speed, temperature, and concentration of H2O molecules within the mesopause during its active sensing at submillimeter wavelengths using two satellites is verified in this paper.
Abstract: The possibility of simultaneous measurement of wind speed, temperature, and concentration of H2O molecules within the mesopause during its active sensing at submillimeter wavelengths using two satellites is verified. Expressions are derived that in explicit form relate the characteristics of the medium to the optical depths of the sensing path at the harmonic frequencies of an amplitude-modulated signal, whose carrier frequency coincides with the center of the water vapor resonance line.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis method makes it possible to develop a classification and determine the spatial distribution of the sensed features at the high spatial resolution of MSS imagery and to retrieve their spectra with the spectroradiometric detail of IS measurements.
Abstract: The results of modeling the procedure of synthesizing data from an imaging spectrometer (IS) and a multispectral scanner (MSS) with low and high spatial resolutions, respectively, are presented. The synthesis method makes it possible to develop a classification and determine the spatial distribution of the sensed features at the high spatial resolution of MSS imagery and to retrieve their spectra with the spectroradiometric detail of IS measurements. It is shown that with an IS signal-to-noise ratio of no less than 50, a geometric matching of IS and MSS data with an accuracy of no less than 0.1 of an IS pixel along both axes, and with allowance for the IS real point-spread function, the spectral nonuniformity of the classes and the errors in retrieving the spectra fall within the range of several percentage points, with a ratio of the IS and MSS spatial resolutions of 4-8 and ∼10% with a ratio of resolutions of 16-32.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of the study of the effective scattering area (ESA) of agricultural lands on drained peat bogs in the Ryazan' section of the Meshchera Lowland during different observation periods are presented in this paper.
Abstract: The results of the study of the effective scattering area (ESA) of agricultural lands on drained peat bogs in the Ryazan' section of the Meshchera Lowland during different observation periods are presented. An experimental radar survey was made during spring-summer 1986-1987 by means of a side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) at a wavelength of 2.5 cm. In the processing of radar survey materials, the water surface of inland water bodies was used as a reference level. Invariant calibration curves and comparable quantitative estimates of the relative effective scattering areas for different agricultural features (open soils, pastures, sown fields of grain, and cultivated crops) were obtained for five survey times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the possibility of interpreting waterlogged soils using scanner imagery of Voronezh and Smolensk oblasts and Krasnodar Kray from the Resurs-01 satellite is investigated.
Abstract: The possibility of interpreting waterlogged soils using scanner imagery of Voronezh and Smolensk oblasts and Krasnodar Kray from the Resurs-01 satellite is investigated. Reliable interpretation keys are described for waterlogged floodplain soils and hydromorphic soils of agricultural fields have reliable interpretation criteria.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study was made of the indices of refraction and absorption of sand and bentonite in the decimeter wavelength range as a function of water content and temperature.
Abstract: An experimental study was made of the indices of refraction and absorption of sand and bentonite in the decimeter wavelength range as a function of water content and temperature. The influence of salinity on the behavior of their dielectric properties at negative temperatures and upon a transition through 0°C was studied. The results indicated that it is possible to carry out radiometric remote sensing of soil salinity during the winter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as discussed by the authors described a program of monitoring and mapping of accumulations of the now-banned pesticide DDT in a major area of irrigation agriculture in the republic of Uzbekistan.
Abstract: Three Russian environmental scientists describe a program of monitoring and mapping of accumulations of the now-banned pesticide DDT in a major area of irrigation agriculture in the republic of Uzbekistan—the Samarkand Oasis. Measurements from soil, water, and river/lake/canal bottom sediment samples were taken within the zone of irrigated crop cultivation along the Zeravshan River. The final map product is intended not only as a graphic tool for depicting the spatial distribution of accumulated DDT residues and derivative metabolic compounds, but as an operational document supporting the implementation of measures to mitigate the environmental hazard they pose. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 51-54.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results of microwave remote sensing of the sea surface in the Atlantic Ocean by Almaz-1 spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), as well as radiometers carried aboard the Akademik Ioffe scientific research ship, are presented.
Abstract: The results of microwave remote sensing of the sea surface in the Atlantic Ocean by Almaz-1 spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), as well as radiometers carried aboard the Akademik Ioffe scientific research ship, are presented. The observations were made when there was considerable perturbation of the ocean surface by heavy rainfall. Measurements of the intensity of radiothermal emission on the basis of multifrequency remote sensing data made it possible to obtain estimates of the intensity of rain, traces of which appeared on the radar image in the form of dark spots, indicating a decrease in the strength of the signal return. The physical mechanisms of the impact of rain on surface waves are discussed.