Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 1998"
TL;DR: In this article, a three-band method for the processing of false-color imagery is proposed and the possibility of its use in monitoring regional ecosystems is examined, using the area affected by the accident at the Chernobyl' Nuclear Power Plant as an example.
Abstract: A three-band method for the processing of false-color imagery is proposed and the possibility of its use in monitoring regional ecosystems is examined, using the area affected by the accident at the Chernobyl' Nuclear Power Plant as an example. A three-band processing algorithm and research method based on the use of vegetation indices and employed in detecting areas with stressed vegetation are presented.
6 citations
TL;DR: Radar imagery of sea-surface pollution by oil and surfactants from a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) from the Kosmos-1870 and Almaz-1 spacecraft is described and analyzed, and a classification based on visual interpretation keys is presented.
Abstract: Radar imagery of sea-surface pollution by oil and surfactants from a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) from the Kosmos-1870 and Almaz-1 spacecraft is described and analyzed, and a classification based on visual interpretation keys is presented. The possibilities of using a 9.6 cm SAR for monitoring surface pollution, determination of imaging conditions, and keys for identification of oil pollution are discussed. The advantages and limitations of SAR for the monitoring of marine oil spills are demonstrated on the basis of an analysis.
3 citations
TL;DR: The author argues that prediction of the future of cartography, and of the properties of future maps, will prove a difficult exercise at best, inasmuch as it cannot be based on the simple extrapolation of present trends.
Abstract: A second paper from a national conference on the status of cartography on the eve of a new millennium (see the preceding paper by A. A. Lyutyy in this issue for the first) examines the relationship between cartography's future development and geographic information technologies. The author argues that prediction of the future of cartography, and of the properties of future maps, will prove a difficult exercise at best, inasmuch as it cannot be based on the simple extrapolation of present trends. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1998, No. 1, pp. 116-121.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the first results of an experimental terrain study of arid volcanic regions using radar imagery in the S band by a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) on board the Almaz-I satellite are presented.
Abstract: The first results of an experimental terrain study of arid volcanic regions using radar imagery in the S band by a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) on board the Almaz-I satellite are presented. A reference plot, for which precise topographic and geological data were available, was selected to assess the possibility of using SAR imagery for this purpose. These data were used to test the geometric and radiometric reliability of imagery recorded by a spaceborne SAR. The modeling of an SAR image of the reference plot and its comparison with a real image made it possible to develop a method for assessing the physical parameters of the underlying surface using data from an SAR operating in the S range.
2 citations
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as discussed by the authors explored how the utilization of remote sensing images can help supplement gaps in knowledge of thermal conditions in poorly studied areas not adequately covered by the Russian Federation network of hydrometeorological stations.
Abstract: The authors explore how the utilization of remote sensing images can help supplement gaps in knowledge of thermal conditions in poorly studied areas not adequately covered by the Russian Federation network of hydrometeorological stations. Particular attention is devoted to the potential of aerial remote sensing surveys (e.g., radiometers) in densely forested, wetland, and high-mountain regions. A methodology of radiation temperature measurement is applied in a test area in southern East Siberia and regions of distinctive radiation temperature conditions are identified. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1998, No. 1, pp. 22-26.
1 citations
TL;DR: A method is proposed for studying the propagation of industrial air pollution in urbanized areas based on the interpretation of space imagery and analysis of statistical information on the nature of the industrial effluent, with allowance for the specific character of urban terrain.
Abstract: A method is proposed for studying the propagation of industrial air pollution in urbanized areas. The method is based on the interpretation of space imagery and analysis of statistical information on the nature of the industrial effluent, with allowance for the specific character of urban terrain. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1997, No. 3, pp. 126-133.
1 citations
TL;DR: One of Russia's foremost cartographers as mentioned in this paper reviewed a recent monograph devoted to basic principles of remote sensing and linkages between Remote Sensing and cartography, among the issues addressed are the nature of images, overall approaches to remote-sensing-based geographic research, and possible new directions of study at the interface between Remote sensing and the mapping sciences.
Abstract: One of Russia's foremost cartographers reviews a recent monograph devoted to basic principles of remote sensing and linkages between remote sensing and cartography. Among the issues addressed are the nature of images, overall approaches to remote-sensing-based geographic research, and possible new directions of study at the interface between remote sensing and the mapping sciences. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1997, No. 3, pp. 156-157.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the instrumentation used in aerial measurements of the spectral brightness coefficients of natural features made during 1983-1988 by the Atmospheric Physics Section of the Physics Research Institute of St Petersburg (Leningrad) State University.
Abstract: The authors describe the instrumentation used in aerial measurements of the spectral brightness coefficients of natural features made during 1983–1988 by the Atmospheric Physics Section of the Physics Research Institute of St Petersburg (Leningrad) State University Special attention is devoted to an assessment of measurement errors, which depend on wavelength and average 10% in the visible and 15% in the UV and IR ranges A formal classification algorithm used for the statistical processing of the initial spectra is described
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed radar images of the ocean in two polarizations to determine whether surface manifestations of internal waves are formed predominantly by the non-resonance mechanism of interaction of radio waves.
Abstract: Radar images of the ocean in two polarizations are analyzed to determine whether surface manifestations of internal waves are formed predominantly by the non-resonance mechanism of interaction of radio waves. Nonresonance scattering and resonance (Bragg) scattering are compared in terms of their degree of dependence on the type of polarization of the incident wave, for the purpose of determining whether a wider selection of polarization options will afford improvements in the detection and analysis of processes occurring at the ocean-atmosphere interface.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the possibility of detecting and studying low-contrast soil geochemical anomalies on the basis of photometric characteristics of indicator plants, and the results of an experiment tested this relationship in an area of pyrite mineralization in the Lake Ladoga region of northwestern Russia.
Abstract: This paper investigates the possibility of detecting and studying low-contrast soil geochemical anomalies on the basis of photometric characteristics of indicator plants. An initial section of the paper outlines basic patterns of change in the photometric properties of vegetation as a result of vegetation stress induced by elevated levels of certain chemical elements in the soil. A subsequent section presents the results of an experiment testing this relationship in an area of pyrite mineralization in the Lake Ladoga region of northwestern Russia.
TL;DR: The utility of integral measures of the quantity of information from selected vis-a-vis one- and two-dimensional histograms of the brightnesses of multispectral space images are demonstrated, which facilitates solution of the problem of predicting possible changes in the investigated area under the influence of natural and human agents.
Abstract: Methods of assessing the informational content of multispectral imagery from satellites are examined. The utility of integral measures of the quantity of information from selected vis-a-vis one- and two-dimensional histograms of the brightnesses of multispectral space images are demonstrated. Such a procedure makes it possible to compare data obtained at different times and data obtained using different measuring instruments, which facilitates solution of the problem of predicting possible changes in the investigated area under the influence of natural and human agents.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problems involved in the use of remote sensing imagery (in combination with geological-geophysical and petrological methods) in the study of the distribution and tectonic character of Early Proterozoic structural-mineralogical associations, as well as patterns of gold mineralization in the eastern part of the Baltic Shield are described.
Abstract: This paper describes the problems involved in the use of remote sensing imagery (in combination with geological-geophysical and petrological methods) in the study of the distribution and tectonic character of Early Proterozoic structural-mineralogical associations, as well as patterns of gold mineralization in the eastern part of the Baltic Shield. Comprehensive research based on remote sensing and geophysical methods, together with a petrological study of rocks, make it possible to determine future directions of gold forecasting and exploration work in specific Precambrian ore-bearing structures.
TL;DR: This model is used to develop a method for automated determination and mapping of the thickness of sea ice based on relative temperature measurements on IR satellite images, and comparisons are made with data obtained from synchronous measurements of ice thickness from icebreakers and at onshore meteorological stations.
Abstract: A theoretical model of the correlation between (1) the three-dimensional surface representing the variation in temperature of the sea ice cover and (2) the surface representing the variation in ice thickness is presented. This model is used to develop a method for automated determination and mapping of the thickness of sea ice based on relative temperature measurements on IR satellite images. Comparisons of the results are made with data obtained from synchronous measurements of ice thickness from icebreakers and at onshore meteorological stations.
TL;DR: A three-stage program, ending with the organization of a Russian Oceanological Satellite System (ROSS), is proposed, based on Meteor-3 and Resurs-Arktika satellites and on traditional remote sensing methods and continuing research being conducted in Russia.
Abstract: The economic, scientific, defense, and ecological interests of Russia, progress in the development of remote sensing methods, as well as increased operating costs and forced downsizing of the Russian research fleet mandate the accelerated development of oceanic research from space. The fundamentals of a plan for the development of such research during 1996–2015 are outlined and a three-stage program, ending with the organization of a Russian Oceanological Satellite System (ROSS), is proposed. The proposed conception is based on Meteor-3 and Resurs-Arktika satellites and on traditional remote sensing methods and continuing research being conducted in Russia.
TL;DR: The main problems pertaining to the development of modern cartography raised at a conference on Cartography at the transition between the 20th and 21st Centuries, held in Moscow in the autumn of 1997, were reviewed by Torrey as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The author reviews the principal problems pertaining to the development of modern cartography raised at a conference on Cartography at the Transition between the 20th and 21st Centuries, held in Moscow in the autumn of 1997. The conference was organized by the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Russian Geographical Society, the Russian Federation Geodetic and Cartographic Service, the school of Geography at Moscow University, the Russian State Library, the Moscow State University of Geodesy, Aerial Mapping, and Cartography, and the Geoinformation System Association. There were 67 plenary reports, over 30 poster sessions, and a roundtable on “Cartographic Working Groups of Today and Tomorrow.” Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1998, No. 2, pp. 121-130.
TL;DR: In this article, maps of isarithms and of the total ozone content surface were plotted using data from the HIRS radiometer carried on board the NOAA-12 satellite, and an optimal kriging procedure was used in scaling from an irregular to a regular grid.
Abstract: Maps of isarithms and of the total ozone content surface were plotted using data from the HIRS radiometer carried on board the NOAA-12 satellite. An optimal kriging procedure was used in scaling from an irregular to a regular grid. Satellite and surface data were compared for Krasnoyarsk, and the influence of large forest fires on surface data is noted. The minimum ozone content of 287 D.u. according to satellite data was observed on 14 August in southwestern Siberia.