scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 2000"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The content of an atlas dedicated to radiation conditions, the endproduct of a program of systematic spatially standardized measurements of fallout of radionuclides following the Chernobyl' accident and even before it, is described in this paper.
Abstract: The content of an atlas dedicated to radiation conditions, the endproduct of a program of systematic spatially standardized measurements of fallout of radionuclides following the Chernobyl' accident and even before it, is described. The preparation of such an atlas marks the formation of a new scientific field: the mapping of radioactive pollution. The range of applications of such maps and other atlas materials is surveyed. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Ivestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 2000, No. 1, pp. 112-119.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the areas of the active zone of five large forest fires among those occurring in Irkutsk Oblast in 1996 and 1997 and the burned-over areas formed by them were determined using an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried aboard satellites of the American NOAA series.
Abstract: The areas of the active zone of five large forest fires among those occurring in Irkutsk Oblast in 1996 and 1997 and the burned-over areas formed by them were determined using an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) carried aboard satellites of the American NOAA series. Comparative estimates of the burned-over areas, determined using AVHRR (NOAA satellite) and MSU-SK (medium-resolution scanner) (Russian Federation Resurs satellite) imagery, were obtained.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal stages in the development of cartography in the USSR Academy of Sciences before and during World War II, as well as during the postwar period, are examined in this paper.
Abstract: The principal stages in the development of cartography in the USSR Academy of Sciences before and during World War II, as well as during the postwar period, are examined. Among the major accomplishments described are those involved in mapping of Russia's natural resources; the development of the principal branches of thematic cartography; comprehensive mapping of the Earth and individual countries in the form of comprehensive global and national atlases; and the development of new theoretical concepts in cartography and new scientific schools and directions in thematic cartography. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1999, No. 4, pp. 98-111.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia.
Abstract: A Russian-American team of remote sensing researchers investigates the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia. Considerable attention is devoted to an explanation of the study's principal finding—that a fundamentally different statistical relationship exists between strength of the reflected radar signal and snow cover depth in open areas versus forested areas with high levels of canopy closure. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 4, pp. 85-90.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, preliminary results of processing of radiometer measurements from the Resurs-1 (No. 4) heliosynchronous satellite are given for 48 days of observations, distributed over the course of eight months.
Abstract: Some preliminary results of processing of radiometer measurements from the Resurs-1 (No. 4) heliosynchronous satellite are given. Values of the solar constant, recorded using a second-generation “solar-constant measuring instrument” are presented for 48 days of observations. Measurements of outgoing short-wave radiation and albedo (IKOR measuring instrument) were made on 109 days of observations, distributed over the course of eight months.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey as mentioned in this paper describes a method, developed at Moscow State University beginning in the 1980s, whereby small-scale maps can be compiled to depict various processes associated with river channels and floodplains.
Abstract: The author describes a method, developed at Moscow State University beginning in the 1980s, whereby small-scale maps can be compiled to depict various processes associated with river channels and floodplains. As an example of the application of the method, an excerpt from a map of river channels of European Russia and adjacent regions is presented that simultaneously depicts channel morphology, dynamics, causes of channel deformation, use by humans, and floodplain relief. This type of (general channel) map is compared with those produced by three other main directions of river channel mapping in Russia—thematic, atlas, and applied. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 3, pp. 18-28.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) carried on board an aircraft laboratory was used to identify portions of lava dating to different periods in the Klyuchevskoy volcano.
Abstract: On the basis of data recorded by a thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) carried on board an aircraft laboratory, maps of volcanic regions in Russia were compiled on which portions of lava dating to different periods were identified. SIR-C (Shuttle) data, processed by computer, made it possible to obtain distinct boundaries of lava flows with cross-polarization. A three-dimensional digital model of the Northern Fissure of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, on which TIMS, Zeiss, and SIR-C data were plotted, was constructed. A lineament analysis was made it possible to genetically classify cinder cones on the eastern slope of the Klyuchevskoy volcano, and a zone of areal volcanism was defined.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey as discussed by the authors describes the principles involved in the compilation, in an initial stage, of a geobotanical map depicting general levels of fire resistance within basic classes of vegetation, which provides a base for a derivative thematic map of overall vegetation disturbance.
Abstract: Methods employed by researchers to compile a map depicting five levels of vegetation disturbance in Irkutsk Oblast in East Siberia are described. The paper describes the principles involved in the compilation, in an initial stage, of a geobotanical map depicting general levels of fire resistance within basic classes of vegetation, which provides a base for a derivative thematic map of overall vegetation disturbance. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 3, pp. 13-17.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The author investigates the possibility of predicting the quality (i.e., accuracy) of taxonomic maps (defined as maps displaying the spatial distribution of a classification scheme) prior to their compilation by calculation of a “confusion matrix,” based on the concept of a 1:1 equality between map unit (class) and field unit ( class).
Abstract: The author investigates the possibility of predicting the quality (i.e., accuracy) of taxonomic maps (defined as maps displaying the spatial distribution of a classification scheme) prior to their compilation. The procedure involves the calculation of a “confusion matrix,” based on the concept of a 1:1 equality between map unit (class) and field unit (class), which can be used as benchmark against which departures from that ideal condition can be assessed probabilistically.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, results of time-series analysis of measurements of total ozone content (TOC) using the TOMS spectrometer for the period fall 1978 to spring 1993 are presented.
Abstract: Results of time-series analysis of measurements of total ozone content (TOC) using the TOMS spectrometer for the period fall 1978 to spring 1993 are presented. TOC trend levels were ascertained for four stations in middle and high latitudes of European Russia and Norway. Emphasis is on identification of decadal and seasonal trends within an overall decline in ozone content in middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. Trends computed using an earlier version of processing of TOMS data (version 6) are compared with data processed using the latest version 7, and differences are noted, especially during the autumn-winter period.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An algorithm for the assimilation of satellite high-resolution spectrometric measurements (AVHRR/NOAA radiometer) and medium-resolution spectral measurements (HIRS/ NOAA) for the purpose of remotely sensing the meteorological parameters of the “atmosphere + surface” system is discussed.
Abstract: An algorithm for the assimilation of satellite high-resolution spectrometric measurements (AVHRR/NOAA radiometer) and medium-resolution spectrometric measurements (HIRS/NOAA) for the purpose of remotely sensing the meteorological parameters of the “atmosphere + surface” system is discussed. The proposed computation scheme is based on a physical-statistical approach to the simulation and processing of satellite measurements of different spatial resolutions in the visible and infrared spectral ranges.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a three-parameter algorithm is described for the remote sensing-based retrieval of wind speed from radar altimeter measurements, and data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON experiment were processed to test the efficiency of the new algorithm.
Abstract: Factors influencing the process of scattering of electromagnetic waves in the centimeter range of the wave-covered water surface are analyzed. There is a well-expressed dependence of the backscattering section on water temperature. A new three-parameter algorithm is described for the remote sensing—based retrieval of wind speed from radar altimeter measurements. Data from the TOPEX/POSEIDON experiment were processed to test the efficiency of the new algorithm. The mean error in retrieving wind speed decreased to 0.22 m/s, whereas the root mean square error decreased to 1.42 m/s.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A method is proposed for predicting different El Niño phases in five standard regions for up to 16 months in advance on the basis of online tracking of the dynamics of radiation processes in the equatorial ocean from space.
Abstract: Materials from surveys of 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 are analyzed for the two most powerful El Nino events in the 20th century, and four medium-intensity events are examined for the period 1986–1995. On the basis of online tracking of the dynamics of radiation processes in the equatorial ocean from space, a method is proposed for predicting different El Nino phases in five standard regions for up to 16 months in advance.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Estimates of the systematic and random components of the deviations were obtained for the 27 most reliable actinometric stations representing all principal climate zones of Russia.
Abstract: Data from surface actinometric and corresponding satellite (ISCCP/SRB) observations of fluxes of incoming total short-wave radiation during 1985–1988 for the territory of Russia are compared. The delta-Eddington method was used in “reducing” observational data to the solar zenith angle at which the satellite measurements were made. Estimates of the systematic and random components of the deviations were obtained for the 27 most reliable actinometric stations representing all principal climate zones of Russia.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a team of Russian forestry scientists examined the applicability of NOAA/AVHRR satellite imagery in further development of methods for mapping forested areas and evaluated the accuracy of automated supervised classification maps (maximum likelihood method) by comparison with conventional maps at a wide variety of scales.
Abstract: A team of Russian forestry scientists examines the applicability of NOAA/AVHRR satellite imagery in further development of methods for mapping forested areas Summertime images processed in IDRISI for an area bounded by 48° and 71°N and 86° and 98°E were analyzed The accuracy of automated supervised classification maps (maximum likelihood method) was tested by comparison with conventional maps at a wide variety of scales Special emphasis is placed on examining prospects for expanded use of NOAA/AVHRR imagery in solving problems related to global climate change: displacement of vegetation zones, change in forest productivity, and phenology of forest vegetation development

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A software package for the preliminary processing of data from the Delta scanning radiometer, developed at the Center for the Processing and Storage of Space Information (CPSSI), Russian Academy of Sciences, is described.
Abstract: A software package for the preliminary processing of data from the Delta scanning radiometer, developed at the Center for the Processing and Storage of Space Information (CPSSI), Russian Academy of Sciences, is described. The objectives of the preliminary processing are data reduction in conformance with EOSDIS requirements for a type 1 a information product and organization of long-term data storage in the CPSSI database in a standard HDF format and access to it via the Internet. The data processing includes filtering, correction of rotation of the polarization plane of the recorded data, calibration of data, synthesis of radiothermal images, and storage. The bulk of the processing was performed using specially developed adaptive and robust algorithms taking into account the specifics of data from the Delta radiometer. Methods and algorithms for processing are described and some examples of the processed data are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as mentioned in this paper described a program of monitoring snow cover on the ice surface using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery, where pixel brightness represents the frequency of appearance of snow cover.
Abstract: Two researchers engaged in studies of the frozen surface of Lake Baykal (in particular of sub-ice algae blooms affected by the extent of penetration of solar radiation) describe a program of monitoring snow cover on the ice surface using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. Automated classification of small groups of AVHRR images for specific subperiods during the period February—March 1996 and 1997 permitted compilation of “composite images” for each of these subperiods (e.g., eliminating problems when parts of individual images are obscured). Pixel values from these were summed (with weighting factors) in turn to produce an image in which pixel brightness represents the frequency of appearance of snow cover on the frozen lake surface. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 4, pp. 90-93.