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Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 2002"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data from surface, aerostat (balloon), and satellite surveys to construct profiles of the anomalous magnetic field of Siberia and showed that the dynamics of anomalous fields are concentrated for the most part in the range of low values of the wavelet transformation scale factors.
Abstract: Data from surface, aerostat (balloon), and satellite surveys were used in constructing profiles of the anomalous magnetic field of Siberia. Wavelet analysis of the profiles revealed a number of longitude inhomogeneities in the structure of anomalous magnetic fields. It is shown that the dynamics of anomalous fields is concentrated for the most part in the range of low values of the wavelet transformation scale factors. Good agreement between the estimates of depths to the sources on the basis of magnetic data and information on heat-flow distribution facilitates an understanding of the tectonic structure of this region.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that the accepted official values of the catalytic cycle with the participation of ClO in ozone destruction during the spring ozone anomaly in Antarctica (SOAA) usually is not adequately validated or confirmed by observational data.
Abstract: A study demonstrates that accepted official values of the catalytic cycle with the participation of ClO in ozone destruction during the spring ozone anomaly in Antarctica (SOAA) usually is not adequately validated or confirmed by observational data. The strong inverse correlation between the mixing ratios for ozone and ClO observed during the SOAA period evidently can be attributed to the heterophase reactions of direct destruction of molecules of both chlorine nitrate and ozone on particle surfaces in polar stratospheric clouds. An increase in ClO concentration and decrease in ozone concentration during an SOAA period may be the result of a single factor causing temperature changes, and thus changes in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of polar stratospheric clouds.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Torrey described the main features of a map of geosytems of the Selenga delta region, compiled according to Sochava's classification of Geosystems and procedures of general landscape mapping developed by Mikheyev and Ryashina.
Abstract: Factors that need to be taken into account in the mapping and study of the pattern of natural geosystems in East Siberia's Selenga River delta are outlined. The paper then proceeds to describe the main features of a map of geosytems of the Selenga delta region, compiled according to Sochava's classification of geosystems and procedures of general landscape mapping developed by Mikheyev and Ryashina. Translated by Edward Torrey from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2001, No. 4, pp. 44-49.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a Russian-American research team investigates the impacts of long-term intensive working of gold deposits on landscapes in the Middle Siberian taiga, including the displacement of bedrock and alluvial deposits, deforestation, and increasing fire incidence.
Abstract: A Russian-American research team investigates the impacts of long-term intensive working of gold deposits on landscapes in the Middle Siberian taiga. These impacts include the displacement of bedrock and alluvial deposits, deforestation, and increasing fire incidence. Landsat 7 satellite imagery and field data were used in assessing the information yield of satellite scanner channels in the process of classification of the registered images. A schematic electronic map was constructed that shows zones of gold mining, predominant vegetation species, cutover and burned areas, and natural and artificial water bodies.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Russian vegetation geographer describes the latest research undertaken in a long-term program of inventory and mapping of forest vegetation in East Siberia's Baykal Forest Reserve, and a large-scale map compiled during the course of the research may serve as a model for identifying the structure of vegetation when interpreting remote sensing images of other regions in the Khamar-Daban mountain system.
Abstract: A Russian vegetation geographer describes the latest research undertaken in a long-term program of inventory and mapping of forest vegetation in East Siberia's Baykal Forest Reserve. Detailed cartographic representation of the vegetation of the Pereyemnaya and Abiduy river basins is provided in the form of maps and descriptive text. A large-scale map compiled during the course of the research may serve as a model for identifying the structure of vegetation when interpreting remote sensing images of other regions in the Khamar-Daban mountain system. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 1, pp. 65-72.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, changes in the ice area of the Northern Hemisphere using passive microwave data obtained from satellite observations during the period November 1978 -December 1999 were investigated using the SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) of the Nimbus-7 satellite and SSM/I on board the DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) series of satellites.
Abstract: This paper investigates changes in the ice area of the Northern Hemisphere using passive microwave data obtained from satellite observations during the period November 1978 -December 1999. More specifically, changes occuring in the seas off Russia's northern Arctic coastline were analyzed using the SMMR (Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer) of the Nimbus-7 satellite and SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) on board the DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) series of satellites. The situation in particular seas (e.g., East Siberian and Barents) is compared with the pattern typical of the entire Northern Hemisphere (decreasing ice cover at a rate of ca. 3% per decade).

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of remote sensing techniques in the identification of displacements, rifts, and rotary and fan structures that can be regarded as ore-controlling and ore-concentrating tectonic elements, as well as a variety of annular structures.
Abstract: Analyzing multispectral, band-specific, and panchromatic space imagery of the Monchegorsk ore region, northwestern Russia, the authors demonstrate the applicability of remote sensing techniques in the identification of displacements, rifts, and rotary and fan structures that can be regarded as ore-controlling and ore-concentrating tectonic elements, as well as a variety of annular structures. Promising locations for the organization of exploration and prospecting work for copper-nickel mineralization are suggested.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, soil survey maps compiled at a variety of scales (1:5,000, 1:100,000 and 1:500,000) were incorporated into a GIS and compared in terms of the number of soil classes and discrete soil units belonging to discrete soil classes.
Abstract: Soil survey maps compiled at a variety of scales (1:5,000; 1:100,000; 1:500,000) were incorporated into a GIS and compared in terms of the number of soil classes (and discrete soil units belonging ...

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that night-time thermal images can be employed, on which only the natural emission of water and natural features is registered, in the reliable detection of flood waters (nighttime brightness temperature of water is higher).
Abstract: High-water conditions have been traditionally monitored from images registered during the daytime in the visible and near-IR bands. However, a number of factors may be at work that hinder reliable discrimination of high waters on daytime imagery. These factors include: specular reflection from the water, and the presence of semi-submerged ice and wet soil, each having reflectances similar to water. It is shown that night-time thermal images can be employed, on which only the natural emission of water and natural features is registered, in the reliable detection of flood waters (nighttime brightness temperature of water is higher).

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The diurnal temperature variation retrieved on the basis of remote measurements is compared with the results of surface experiments for dry and moist soils.
Abstract: A solution is found for the thermal conductivity equation describing the steady diurnal variation of soil temperature, which is nonuniform in depth. The solution is represented in the form of a Fourier series and is dependent on three characteristic parameters reflecting energy budget conditions at the soil surface. These parameters can be found using two remote temperature measurements with a known time for attaining a maximum value. The diurnal temperature variation retrieved on the basis of remote measurements is compared with the results of surface experiments for dry and moist soils.

1 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a study of the mechanisms by which the color of coastal waters is formed on the basis of numerical simulation of the influence on the spectral distribution of ascending brightness of light (outgoing radiation) exerted by absorption, elastic scattering, inelastic (Raman) scattering in a water column, and fluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), as well as the optical interaction of light photons with the bottom of a water body.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study of the mechanisms by which the color of coastal waters is formed on the basis of numerical simulation of the influence on the spectral distribution of ascending brightness of light (outgoing radiation) exerted by absorption, elastic scattering, inelastic (Raman) scattering in a water column, and fluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), as well as the optical interaction of light photons with the bottom of a water body. The authors demonstrate that the radiometric characteristics of water color perceived by an observer from above may experience considerable changes, depending on the nature of bottom cover (ooze, vegetation), the depths at which the bottom occurs, the geometry of water surface illumination by sunlight, and the concentrations of such substances as chlorophyll, suspended mineral matter (SMS), and dissolved organic matter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a complex method is described for estimating the intensity of effluent from a major forest fire on the basis of the geometric characteristics of the smoke plume and meteorological data.
Abstract: A complex method is described for estimating the intensity of effluent from a major forest fire on the basis of the geometric characteristics of the smoke plume and meteorological data. The method includes discrimination of the smoke plume from space images; estimation of plume geometric characteristics; computation of atmospheric transport of the smoke plume; determination of forest fire intensity from particulate discharge; estimation of the intensity of escape of forest fire gases. The method is tested using MSU-SK scanner data from the Resurs-01 satellite.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct method for assessing the influence of the atmosphere on scanner signals is examined, which assumes the availability of two matched images of the very same sector of the Earth's surface recorded at different viewing angles in the same spectral range, and the results of assessment of the transfer coefficients and background levels formed from the images registered using intermediate and high-resolution scanners are presented.
Abstract: A direct method for assessing the influence of the atmosphere on scanner signals is examined. The making of such assessments assumes the availability of two matched images of the very same sector of the Earth's surface recorded at different viewing angles in the very same spectral range. The results of assessment of the transfer coefficients and background levels formed from the images registered using intermediate-and high-resolution scanners are presented. The values of these assessments were used in atmospheric correction of the original images.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal tasks of the scientific program are elaborated, its structure and principal participants are outlined, and a concise description of on-board scientific instrumentation and program content is given.
Abstract: This paper examines the program of scientific experiments to be conducted in the course of experimental operation of the Okean-O No. 1 satellite. Okean-O was created to support research on scientific problems related to physics of the ocean, atmospheric processes, and state of the Earth's surface, as well as to develop methods for processing, storage, and interpretation of space information. The principal tasks of the scientific program are elaborated, its structure and principal participants are outlined, and a concise description of on-board scientific instrumentation and program content is given.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, seasonal differences in estimates of sea ice concentrations in the regions of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas and the adjoining Arctic Ocean during the period 1995-1999 using SSM/I, Okean-01, and Radarsat data and applying the NASA Team, linear mixture, and segmentation model classification algorithms.
Abstract: A comparative analysis is made of seasonal differences in estimates of sea ice concentrations in the regions of the Barents, Kara, and Laptev seas and the adjoining Arctic Ocean during the period 1995-1999 using SSM/I, Okean-01, and Radarsat data and applying the NASA Team, linear mixture, and segmentation model classification algorithms. Seasonal differences between estimates of total concentration and concentrations of perennial and year-old ice were determined. Ice concentration estimates based on Radarsat Scan synthetic aperture radar and Okean-01 measurements were higher than SSM/I data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for retrieving heat balance (HB) components at the land surface is examined on the basis of data from simultaneous satellite measurements in the shortwave and IR-spectral regions ensuring determination of the temperature of the ground surface and the short wave radiation balance.
Abstract: A method for retrieving heat balance (HB) components at the land surface is examined on the basis of data from simultaneous satellite measurements in the shortwave and IR-spectral regions ensuring determination of the temperature of the land surface and the shortwave radiation balance. A classification of the diurnal variation for the principal HB components is formulated on the basis of a fuzzy logic analysis of multiyear series of data from regularly scheduled heat balance observations made in the Russian Hydrometeorological Service network. The influence of wind speed and other meteorological factors on the accuracy in retrieving the evaporation rate is clarified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors propose one variant of a number of possible proposals for the development of a comprehensive and integrated system of remote sensing for the Russian Federation during the early years of the 21st century, relying on both domestic and foreign remote sensing devices and platforms.
Abstract: The authors propose one variant of a number of possible proposals for the development of a comprehensive and integrated system of remote sensing for the Russian Federation during the early years of the 21st century, relying on both domestic and foreign remote sensing devices and platforms. Due attention is devoted to the need for remote sensing activities that are coordinated with global efforts to monitor the Earth's land and ocean surfaces for the collection of detailed information relevant to the study of changes in the global physical environment and for the solution of pressing socioeconomic problems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that after sufficiently strong irrigation of the surface of trial sectors, a radiobrightness contrast appears as a result of differential change in soil structure and resulting difference in the desiccation rate.
Abstract: The results of an experimental investigation of the dynamics of radiobrightness temperature of soils with a different humus content at frequencies 6.25 and 8.0 GHz are given. It is shown that after sufficiently strong irrigation of the surface of trial sectors, a radiobrightness contrast appears as a result of differential change in soil structure and resulting difference in the desiccation rate. Also investigated are the effects of change in soil structure on radiobrightness contrast after a brief freezing of the soil surface.