Showing papers in "Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing in 2003"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the results of a study of the geomorphology of the tectonically active Zagros Structural Belt (ZSB) of southwestern Iran using a digital elevation model constructed from Landsat-5 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) bands 7-4-1 and ground truth.
Abstract: The authors present the results of a study of the geomorphology of the tectonically active Zagros Structural Belt (ZSB) of southwestern Iran. More specifically the tectonic structure of the ZSB is examined using a digital elevation model (DEM) constructed from Landsat-5 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) bands 7-4-1 and ground truth. The emphasis was on detecting net erosion rates and constructing a graded profile of the Dez River that indicates that the area has been tectonically disturbed. Three topographic profiles were plotted on the DEM that are approximately perpendicular to the NW-SE direction of the Zagros main trend. Based on the initial landform shape, topography, and initial folding, net erosion rates of the study were calculated.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method was developed for using textural, brightness, and spectral indices for the classification of forest valuation tracts on the basis of space imagery, where textural characteristics were determined by applying a discrete wavelet transform and with use of a textural matrix.
Abstract: A method was developed for using textural, brightness, and spectral indices for the classification of forest valuation tracts on the basis of space imagery The textural characteristics were determined by applying a discrete wavelet transform and with use of a textural matrix, on the basis of which the following textural indices were determined: energy, standard deviation, inertia, entropy, homogeneity factor, cluster shade (asymmetry), cluster prominence, and cluster correlation information measure An unsupervised classification of valuation tracts was made for a space image of a test area within the Bulun forested sector of the Zhigansk forest management area registered by the Landsat 7 satellite The use of textural indices alone for classification purposes proved to be inadequate Satisfactory results were obtained only with the joint use of both textural and brightness spectral indices
15 citations
TL;DR: From the results obtained it was verified that the quantitative methodology proposed provides a suitable and efficient way to identify the best segmentation thresholds for agricultural land use classification.
Abstract: The use of segmentation algorithms for determining the boundaries of cultivated plots is an essential step in the process of agricultural land use classification using digital remote sensing imager...
7 citations
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as mentioned in this paper described the results of a multifaceted program of monitoring and mapping water surface temperature in Lake Baykal and analyzed the annual variation of their statistical parameters for the lake surface as a whole.
Abstract: Two remote sensing specialists describe the latest results of a multifaceted program of monitoring and mapping water surface temperature in Lake Baykal. Data obtained as a result of satellite observations of daily distributions of water surface temperature made it possible to analyze the annual variation of their statistical parameters for the lake surface as a whole for the period 25 May-15 November 1996-1999. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 2, pp. 136-142.
3 citations
TL;DR: Two technologies for the photometric correction of distortions caused by a change in solar illumination and scanning device response are considered.
Abstract: Two technologies for the photometric correction of distortions caused by a change in solar illumination and scanning device response are considered. The first technology is based on a rigorous analytic description of the distorting factors and the second is based on a statistical analysis of the control image.
2 citations
TL;DR: A distributed architecture of the software package for the processing of remote sensing images is presented and the preliminary results of application of this technology are presented.
Abstract: A distributed architecture of the software package for the processing of remote sensing images is presented. Since the analysis and processing of remote sensing images require the mobilization of all presently available hardware and software, a new technology is proposed for solving this problem on the basis of high-performance parallel computer systems. The preliminary results of application of this technology are presented.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of numerous comparisons of on-line GOME TOC data with data from ground-based measurements by the Russian ozone monitoring network during 1996-2000 reveal that the GOME data systematically understate TOC (by 4-9%).
Abstract: Results of international experiments for the validation of measurements of total ozone content (TOC) by the GOME instrument are reviewed and compared with measurements made with independent surface measurements from Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers and the M-124 ozonometer. The results of numerous comparisons of on-line GOME TOC data with data from ground-based measurements by the Russian ozone monitoring network during 1996-2000 reveal that the GOME data systematically understate TOC (by 4-9%), also noticeable in comparison with data from simultaneous TOMS measurements.
2 citations
TL;DR: The results of interferometric processing of survey data for the northern shores of the Caspian Sea by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are presented in this article, where the types of surface cover classified and the changes occurring during the time between the surveys are described, including shifts of the scattering surface and changes in phase path length of radio waves attributable to fluctuations of the tropospheric refraction coefficient.
Abstract: The results of interferometric processing of survey data for the northern shores of the Caspian Sea by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are presented. The survey was made in May 1996 from near-earth orbits of the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites, respectively, on successive days in the C range with vertical polarization. A map of the coherence of the radar images was compiled and an interferogram was obtained. The types of surface cover classified and the changes occurring during the time between the surveys are described, including shifts of the scattering surface and changes in phase path length of radio waves attributable to fluctuations of the tropospheric refraction coefficient.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the cross-correlation function of interperiod fluctuations and the correlation interval on the parameters of the PRA, irradiation conditions, and sea surface state is investigated.
Abstract: When designing devices for processing reflected radio signals it is important to know their correlation properties. In the case of the precision oceanographic radio altimeter (PRA), irradiating the sea surface from space orbit altitudes, the reflected signal is subjected to both fast and slow fluctuations. In this paper a study is made of the dependence of the cross-correlation function of interperiod fluctuations and the correlation interval on the parameters of the PRA, irradiation conditions, and sea surface state. The results make possible correct selection of the repetition interval of the sensing signals and the necessary time of smoothing in the PRA tracking system for achieving a stipulated accuracy in measuring height.
1 citations
TL;DR: The results of a correlation analysis of chronologies of the mean arithmetical values of minimum and maximum tree ring density and the mean total ozone content (TOC) values during the growing season, measured using the TOMS satellite, are given in this paper.
Abstract: The results of a correlation analysis of chronologies of the mean arithmetical values of minimum and maximum tree ring density and the mean total ozone content (TOC) values during the growing season, measured using the TOMS satellite, are given. A significant correlation was obtained that made it possible to retrieve ozone layer behavior for about five centuries in the past. The retrieved multicentury TOC series in different geographical regions is characterized by well-expressed long-period variations. The present-day state of the ozonosphere indicates a general dropoff in the content of stratospheric ozone at a global scale, although the amplitude of the dropoff for the time being does not exceed the maximum amplitudes of long-period variations in the past.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the principal results of many years of experience in work on the use of satellite radar data in solving problems in hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring are presented.
Abstract: The principal results of many years of experience in work on the use of satellite radar data in solving problems in hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring are presented. This experience shows that the aforementioned information has come into most widespread use when solving problems involved in the monitoring of ice conditions in the Earth's polar regions. In the final analysis, satellite radar images have become the principal source of information in support for hydrometeorological work in the Arctic and Antarctica, and are important in climatological studies as well.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method whereby imagery from NOAA-series satellites is used to augment data derived from Russia's network of meteorological stations during extreme fire hazard situations was proposed, for the purpose of compiling forecast maps of fire danger to support fire detection, prevention, firefighting measures, as well as the timely deployment of personnel and equipment.
Abstract: Two Russian researchers outline a method whereby imagery from NOAA-series satellites is used to augment data derived from Russia's network of meteorological stations during extreme fire hazard situations. The focus more specifically is on developing a medium-range forecast of the fire hazard on the basis of repeated imaging and medium-range (10-day, 3-day) weather forecasts, for the purpose of compiling forecast maps of fire danger to support fire detection, prevention, firefighting measures, as well as the timely deployment of personnel and equipment. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia, from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 4, pp. 112-117.
TL;DR: Torrey et al. as mentioned in this paper identified 15 types of climate within the Baykal mountain-basin system on the basis of an analysis of the air temperature and precipitation regimes and the degree of winter snowiness, and mapped at relatively large scale.
Abstract: The latest results of ongoing research directed toward the classification and mapping of the microclimates in the Lake Baykal basin and surrounding mountainous areas are presented. Fifteen types of climate were identified within the Baykal mountain-basin system on the basis of an analysis of the air temperature and precipitation regimes and the degree of winter snowiness, and mapped at relatively large scale. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 2, pp. 53-61.
TL;DR: This paper introduces a new approach for generating an orthoimage known as Global Transformation, which relies on a polynomial function and specific factors such as a building's height and density of tie points.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach for generating an orthoimage known as Global Transformation. This transformation relies on a polynomial function and specific factors such as a building's height and density of tie points. A modified form of polynomial is first considered and is subsequently applied for selected control points from a digital surface model and an aerial photograph. Then, the polynomial model of these control points is established. During the process of transformation, all pixels of an aerial photograph are transferred to a digital surface model with a positional accuracy of 2 and 8 pixels at control points and tie points, respectively. However, when height and density of tie points are included in the transformation, the accuracy increases to 1 and 2 pixels at control points and tie points, respectively.
TL;DR: Cities and smaller urban and rural settlements in Vitebsk oblast of Belarus and Voronezh Oblast of Russia are compared with respect to such information derived from radar images.
Abstract: Russian specialists in the application of radar imagery to the study of geographical problems survey its use in the study of urban settlements. More specifically, they are concerned with the types of patterns and tonal signatures (optical densities) manifest on centimeter-band radar imagery, corresponding to buildings and other structures of various heights, dimensions, and construction materials. Cities and smaller urban and rural settlements in Vitebsk Oblast of Belarus and Voronezh Oblast of Russia are compared with respect to such information derived from radar images. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, Virginia from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 2002, No. 4, pp. 138-140.
TL;DR: The results of a geophysical analysis of data from satellite-measured geomagnetic and gravity surveys were examined for the purpose of obtaining estimates of some physical and geometric parameters of the lithosphere for East Asia as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The results of a geophysical analysis of data from satellite-measured geomagnetic and gravity surveys and the results of a three-dimensional statistical analysis of the geomagnetic field are examined for the purpose of obtaining estimates of some physical and geometric parameters of the lithosphere for East Asia. The first, second, third, and fourth spatial (3D) statistical moments are analyzed as generalizing characteristics of the anomalous magnetic field (AMF) on the basis of data from the MAGSAT satellite, making it possible to break down the observed magnetization into inductive and residual fields. An estimate of magnetically active thicknesses of the lithosphere is made on the basis of one of the spatial statistical parameters of this field. A comparison is made of some maps of the spatial statistical parameters of the AMF on the basis of MAGSAT data with plotted maps of the distribution of epicenters of earthquakes occurring during the period of satellite operation in Earth orbit.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that in the majority of latitudinal zones a TOC minimum was observed that had begun about 1990 in the equatorial region and gradually propagated poleward, and over the greater part of the globe, the TOCminimum was observed earlier than the maximum stratospheric concentration of chlorofluorocarbons.
Abstract: The properties and peculiarities of the Antarctic spring ozone anomaly are described, making it possible to compare anomalies occurring in different years, and the possibility of the occurrence of this phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere is discussed. It is shown that the principal indicator of the phenomenon is an anomaly in the seasonal variation of total ozone content (TOC). During the spring, when a TOC maximum should be observed in the "normal" seasonal variation, its considerable decrease occurs annually over a prolonged time (more than a month). The anomaly in the year 2000 especially graphically revealed a definite role of meteorological conditions in the appearance and development of the anomaly. It is demonstrated that in the majority of latitudinal zones a TOC minimum was observed that had begun about 1990 in the equatorial region and gradually propagated poleward. Over the greater part of the globe, the TOC minimum was observed earlier than the maximum stratospheric concentration of chlorofl...
TL;DR: The results of radiobrightness temperature measurements of ice covers at wavelengths of 5.6, 2.3, 0.88, and 0.34 cm are analyzed in this paper.
Abstract: The results of radiobrightness temperature measurements of ice covers at wavelengths of 5.6, 2.3, 0.88, and 0.34 cm are analyzed. The possibility of determining the mineralization of fresh water using thermal microwave emissions from ice surfaces in the cm range is shown. The method is applicable in comparative radiobrightness temperature measurements in a single climatic zone. Passive microwave remote sensing makes it possible to determine a water mineralization change of ca. 10 mg/liter.
TL;DR: A concise history of the development of methods for using remote sensing data to estimate areas sown to grain in Kazakhstan is presented in this paper, where the results of utilizing such imagery to estimate sown areas in West Kazakhstan Oblast are presented.
Abstract: A concise history of the development of methods for using remote sensing data to estimate areas sown to grain in Kazakhstan is presented. Methods for identifying areas sown to winter and spring wheat and other grain crops are described, based on multispectral MODIS space images. The results of utilizing such imagery to estimate sown areas in West Kazakhstan Oblast are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a method based on the use of space imagery is proposed for a rapid estimate of the losses inflicted on agricultural crops by floodwaters forming as a result of downpours.
Abstract: A method based on the use of space imagery is proposed for a rapid estimate of the losses inflicted on agricultural crops by floodwaters forming as a result of downpours Images registered by the MSU-E instrument aboard the Resurs-O1 satellite, having adequate spatial, temporal, and radiometric resolution, were examined Digital processing is based on the use of cluster analysis (ISODATA) in which pixel-by-pixel matched images of different survey periods (before and after the flood) are processed The method involves use of a new method for detecting changes in the condition of agricultural crops based on an analysis of the spectral reflectance of natural features before and after a flood The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) is used in determining the condition of agricultural crops prior to flood waters Areas of agricultural fields subjected to flooding in Slovakia in 1997 are determined and the material sustained by summer flooding in that year are calculated
TL;DR: In this article, a new Local Transformation method for the generation of an orthoimage, focusing on the use of automated procedures and accuracy improvement, is presented, with an output accuracy of less than 1 pixel of residual, the results are acceptable.
Abstract: This paper presents a new Local Transformation method for the generation of an orthoimage, focusing on the use of automated procedures and accuracy improvement. Edges are extracted and used for tie point positioning, with block processing and a point template utilized to clarify the selected tie points. Although the Local Transformation uses the same polynomial function as the Global Transformation introduced by the author [see MSRS, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 212-224], the accuracy of the final output increases and manual processes are reduced. With an output accuracy of less than 1 pixel of residual, the results are acceptable.
TL;DR: Data registered in the Russian actinometric network are used in analyzing time series of hourly albedo values for the period 1976-1995, revealing a considerable year-to-year variability.
Abstract: Data registered in the Russian actinometric network are used in analyzing time series of hourly albedo values for the period 1976-1995. The mean monthly midday albedos reveal a considerable year-to-year variability averaging 5-8%. The maximum variabilities are greater by a factor of two to three. Despite a definite diversity in behavior of albedo, most observation points exhibit stable trends in their long-term changes. During the cold season there is an albedo decrease, whereas in the warm season there is an albedo increase. The linear trends are about 0.5-1.0% per year. At individual stations during individual months during the cold season of the year there is a trend toward an albedo increase. Changes in the annual albedo variability are related to alternation of cold and warm winters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of regional features on the accuracy of single and two-parameter algorithms for radio-altimeter determination of the speed of the near-surface wind over the ocean was investigated.
Abstract: The influence of regional features on the accuracy of single- and twoparameter algorithms for radioaltimeter determination of the speed of the near-surface wind over the ocean was investigated. The analysis was made using data from contact measurements (NDBC buoys) and the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite radioaltimeter (wavelength 2.1 cm). It is shown that the nature of the waves, to a considerable degree related to regional conditions, exerts a strong influence on the accuracy in wind speed determination, resulting in an error in wind speed determination of 2-2.5 m/s. A new approach to the wind speed retrieval problem is proposed, making it possible to reduce the retrieval error to a level comparable with the best existing algorithms.
TL;DR: A study of the seasonal and interannual variability of Aral Sea sea surface temperature (SST) during the contemporary period (1982-2000) using sea-surface-temperature data obtained from NOAA satellites is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a study of the seasonal and interannual variability of Aral Sea sea surface temperature (SST) during the contemporary period (1982-2000) using sea-surface-temperature data obtained from NOAA satellites. A comparison was made between present-day temperature conditions in the sea and observations for 1950-1980, as well as with known predictions of its change due to a sea level reduction. Special aspects of temperature conditions in three Aral Sea (northern, western, and central) regions are examined separately.