Showing papers in "Marine Policy in 2016"

TL;DR: In this paper, the size of the most favorable areas of formation for manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts is estimated. But the size depends on the geological environment and the geological boundary conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the reality of marine spatial planning, drawing on 12 case studies around Europe, employing a structured qualitative empirical approach, concluding that top-down processes tend to dominate, more participative platforms tending to be disconnected by design from executive decision-making, despite growing indications that the target for Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020 is unlikely to be met.

TL;DR: A threat assessment focused on the most common types of litter that are found along the world's coastlines, based on data gathered during three decades of international coastal clean-up efforts, pointing towards a number of opportunities both for policy-based and consumer-driven changes in plastics use that could have demonstrable affects for a range of ecologically important taxa.

TL;DR: In this article, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) is charged with ensuring effective protection of the marine environment as part of its responsibilities for managing mining in seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction (the Area) on behalf of humankind.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed four case studies of projects in Kenya, India, Vietnam, and Madagascar, evaluating the individual carbon financing mechanisms, the project outcomes, and the policy implications of each.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an updated estimate of global fisheries subsidies and found that fuel subsidies constituted the greatest part of the total subsidy (22% of the overall subsidy), followed by subsidies for management and ports and harbors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated existing policies for waste management, marine debris monitoring and awareness campaigns from other jurisdictions and developed a set of policies and recommendations for the Canadian context to mitigate microplastic toxicity in the environment.

TL;DR: A qualitative review of Marine Spatial Planning case studies is presented to gain insights into methodological approaches that account for human systems as components of the coastal environment and reveals major differences in how coastal managers understand and integrate Ecosystem-Based Approaches with Marinespatial Planning.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential and limits of recent programmes to improve labour relations on the oceans, including anti-trafficking policies, IUU enforcement, buyer efforts to ensure that supply chains do not involve forced or illegal labour relations, and Thai government actions.

TL;DR: In this paper, a set of social indicators of fishing community vulnerability and resilience to evaluate the impacts of changes in fishery management regimes are defined for the U.S. Eastern and Gulf coasts.

TL;DR: In this article, a novel global classification system for marine protected areas based on regulations of uses as an alternative or complementing the current IUCN system of categories is presented, which is globally applicable and unambiguously discriminates the impacts of uses.

TL;DR: The Sea Around Us website as discussed by the authors describes a website (www.seaaroundus.org) which presents, for all maritime countries and large marine ecosystems in the world, the most basic information items required by policy makers and fisheries managers: what catch was taken within their jurisdictional boundaries, and which countries took it.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and analyzed the drivers of these changes, and made recommendations for the future management of coastal small-scale fisheries (SSF), whether artisanal (professional) or recreational, represent important socioeconomic activities across Europe.

TL;DR: The REDD+ as mentioned in this paper program can help to restore mangroves which in turn increases options for adaptation to climate change, but technical and financial assistance with institutional support are needed to implement REDD+.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a novel European survey that explores the values, concerns and aspirations of individuals regarding the marine environment in seven countries across four regional seas and provide an innovative contribution to the literature by refining our knowledge of how public perceptions on the oceans vary significantly by country, region and by demographic variables such as age and gender.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify seven actions that could improve protection of coastal wetlands and the ecosystem services they provide, including benchmarking and improving coastal wetland extent and health, reducing complexity and inconsistency in governance arrangements, and facilitating wetland adaptation and ecosystem service delivery using a range of relevant mechanisms.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss a European-funded project in which emphasis was placed on joint-working in every aspect, based on principles of equity and mutual trust, which led to the development of inter-relations, not just of the geographies and maritime resources and activities of the marine areas concerned, but also of the systems of data management, governance and policy-making and of the participants involved as officials or stakeholders, including their means and cultures of exchange.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether it is necessary to adopt market-based measures in furthering the reduction of shipping GHG emissions, and suggested that a MBM be considered in or after 2016.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review was conducted on coastal and marine cultural ecosystem services (CES) to identify: geographic distribution of research; effective methods for assessing CES; specific habitats/ecosystems that supply CES; subcategories most frequently addressed; and knowledge gaps.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the challenges facing countries in terms of resource scarcity and maritime security, as well as the approaches being taken to address these challenges, and provide recommendations regarding strengthening fisheries governance, addressing the root causes of resources scarcity, addressing lack of political will, engagement with the private sector, and building capacity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that relatively recent increases in the designation of remote, very large marine protected areas (VLMPAs) around the world threaten to undermine the very purpose and objectives of the Aichi biodiversity targets they are aiming to address.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis of the official trade denominations adopted by five European countries (Italy, France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom) for Cod, Salmon and Tuna was performed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors survey the current state and major trends in global fisheries; the environmental and social dimensions of fisheries; and explain how the international community has tried to meet the policy challenges associated with oceans and fisheries.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the appropriateness and feasibility of the recently implemented EU landing obligation in small-scale fisheries (SSF) provided the species captured are subject to catch limits or minimum sizes (in the case of the Mediterranean).

TL;DR: This paper conducted a synthesis across 24 cases from around the world and developed a typology of small-scale fisheries and how they connect to and interact with international seafood trade, based on key features drawn from trade theory regarding how trade interacts with local production.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed an ethnographic approach to interview experienced fishers in Australia (recreational) and the Solomon Islands (subsistence/artisanal) to provide cross-cultural insight into their behaviour, perceptions and motivations to fish.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the challenges and opportunities facing Indonesian small-scale tuna fisheries achieving certification and implementing traceability, and the outlook for certification of such fisheries is promising, given recent global and national developments.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of global trade flows in fish and fishery products as well as future trends affecting the sector, including tariff, non-tariff measures, and fisheries subsidies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the extent to which the choice of management approach is a critical factor in enabling climate change adaptation in marine fisheries and explore how theoretical properties of selected major management approaches (i.e., ecosystem-based management, adaptive management, comanagement, adaptive co-management, and active adaptive management) enable climate change adaptive, and how such properties are perceived by practitioners to manifest in practice using an Australian marine fisheries context.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a forced-choice frequency distribution and centroid analysis to reveal stakeholder perspectives and assess social acceptance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with fisheries and conservation management goals using the Devon & Severn region, UK as a case study site.