Showing papers in "Materials Characterization in 2004"

TL;DR: In this article, precipitation and dissolution kinetics of the δ-phase were studied in three wrought versions and one spray-formed (SF) version of the nickel alloy, Inconel 718.

TL;DR: In this paper, Mg alloy AZ31B-H24 and semisolid-cast Mg Alloy AZ91D (approximately 3% primary solid fraction) were friction-stir welded to Al alloy 6061-T6.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the weld zone becomes more homogeneous for efficient welding with self-optimized tools, and there is a reduction in the welding zone grain size due to dynamic recrystallization, which facilitates the solidstate flow.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed and discussed three different mechanisms for surface scaling of concrete: salt hydration pressure, salt crystallization pressure, and salt crystallisation pressure and thenardite to mirabilite change.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simple Portland cement paste with a water/cement ratio of 0.45 without aggregate was prepared and cured for a minimum of 1 month under water, and one sample was subjected to depth-sensing nanoindentation over a regular grid of 50 positions on the sample, each spaced at 50 μm.

TL;DR: In this article, work samples prepared from cork waste and low quality cork have been analyzed from the standpoint of their particle size distribution, which leads to a more accurate separation of the different particle sizes in order to obtain a better industrial profit of the material.

TL;DR: In this paper, the hardness and Young's modulus increased with the increase of sintering temperature up to 1300 °C, but the Young modulus decreased with the further increase of Sintering temperatures at 1400 and 1500 °C.

TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency of the digital image correlation method for measuring in-plane displacements in the presence of high strain gradient is discussed, and three types of strain gradient have been studied: strain localization around a hole in a composite laminate, strain concentration at a crack tip in a TiAl alloy, and strain gradient on a polymer neck front.

TL;DR: In this article, 35 different stone species have been inventoried in historical monuments of Limburg (N-Belgium) and described in great detail and the resulting petrographical atlas provides a powerful identification and decision tool in restoration.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the conditions under which a particular quartz was formed, including the crystal structural details and its (trace) element composition, and apply these to concrete.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to determine the impregnation depth of water repellents and consolidants.

TL;DR: In this paper, the modern petrographic techniques used to diagnose carbonate rock reactions in concrete were summarized and compared with those used in concrete microbar specimens of the prototype RILEM AAR-5 test, provided by the Austrian Cement Research Institute.

TL;DR: In this paper, different techniques were employed to characterize the surface properties of plasma treated polypropylene fibers, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

TL;DR: The precipitation-hardened alloy A286 has been characterized as a function of ageing treatment, and the creep behavior has been studied in the temperature range of 600-700 °C and at 230-740 MPa as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the eutectic microstructure of a Sn-rich matrix and Ag3Sn intermetallics was characterized. But, the results showed that cooling rate has a significant effect on intermetallic size and morphology.

TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of chemical and microscopical techniques were used to characterise the hydraulicity of ancient mortars from excavations in the Cathedral at Tournai in Belgium.

TL;DR: In this article, the outer and inner structures of the same type of material were analyzed using focused ion beam (FIB) with 2-to-5-nm resolution, which does not require any sample preparation.

TL;DR: In this article, the 3D morphology and growth behavior of ferrite formed at intragranular inclusions in low-carbon steel were studied by serial sectioning and computer-aided visualization.

TL;DR: In this paper, the pore structure of yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (Y-PSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) manufactured implementing air plasma spraying and hybrid plasma spraying was characterized.

TL;DR: In this article, a crackled film containing fine stripes is found at the surface of the substrate and the optical contrast between grains under polarized light is attributed to form birefringence induced by the stripes, preferentially aligned according to the orientation of underlying grains.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 50-year-old concrete from a large dam was examined in the scope of an investigation program concerning the properties of granite as aggregate material for concrete, which revealed the existence of efflorescence and exudations.

TL;DR: In this article, a 10,000-year-old Greenland ice core was melted and representative water drops were transferred to coated grids in a clean room environment, where they were observed to be carbon nanotubes and related fullerene-like nanocrystal forms.

TL;DR: In this article, concrete cores taken from highway bridges and culverts undergoing alkali-silica reaction (ASR) were investigated petrographically by means of core scanning, point counting, polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), electron-probe microanalysis with energy-dispersive spectrometry, in conjunction with wet chemical analyses and expansion tests.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed study on the mechanisms of lead immobilization by hydroxyapatite has been carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship among critical resolved shear stress (CRSS), stacking fault energy (SFE), and strength was discussed in accordance with microthermodynamics, and the quantitative expressions of critical points were established with the aids of the computer.

TL;DR: In this article, the subcritical heat treatment can destabilize the austenite matrix by precipitating chromium-rich secondary carbides and other special carbides, and the matrix changes from martensitic to pearlitic after 22 h at 853 K.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of dilatometer tests were carried out in addition to hardness measurements and a metallographic analysis to determine the volume fractions of various constituents in a Nb-V-alloyed C-Mn steel.

TL;DR: A clayey diatomite rock originating from Greece, mainly composed of opal-A, smectite and vermiculite was tested for the production of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) by mixing the raw material with 2-5% sawdust as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the grain structure and grain orientation of 1-15 μm deposit on the polyimide (PI) substrate, 5-35 μm free-standing foil and 200 μm sheet prepared by the industrial scale rolling or electrodeposit process have been examined.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of dopants commonly used in SnO2 varistor ceramics, such as CoO, Cr2O3 or Nb2O5, on the structural properties of the material was investigated.