Showing papers in "Matter and Radiation at Extremes in 2020"

TL;DR: The ELI project consists of three pillars being built in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania as mentioned in this paper, and is intended to serve the broad national, European, and international scientific community.

TL;DR: An overview of the recently renovated high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) BL10XU beamline for the diamond anvil cell at SPring-8 is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the current experimental and theoretical results for LaH10−x and YH6−x superhydrides is presented, showing that these new superhydride "room-temperature" superconductors are stabilized only at very high pressures above 100 GPa, making the experimental search for their superconducting properties very difficult.

TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental principles that govern the chemistry of dense solids under extreme conditions are elucidated based on a well-documented body of work in this field of high-pressure research.

TL;DR: The hydrogen molecule is made from the first and lightest element in the periodic table and it forms the simplest molecular solid as mentioned in this paper, which exhibits many interesting and fundamental physical phenomena such as room temperature superconductivity and/or superfluidity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the recent studies of the dramatic, pressure-induced changes that occur in metal halide perovskites, particularly the enhanced and emergent properties induced under high pressure and their structure-property relationships.

TL;DR: The inner zone is governed by pressure-induced physics and chemistry dramatically different from the conventional behavior in the outer zone, which generate large physical and chemical potentials between the two zones that provide fundamental driving forces for triggering major events in Earth's history.

TL;DR: The most recent excitement in that regard has centered on rare-earth superhydrides, of which LaH10 at 190GPa has a remarkably high critical temperature of 260 K, approaching room temperature as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: This high-power laser facility provides not only a demonstration and verification platform for key techniques and system integration of a low-coherence laser driver, but also a new type of experimental platform for research into, for example, high-energy-density physics and, in particular, laser–plasma interactions.

TL;DR: In this article, the generation of highly polarized high-energy brilliant γ-rays via laser-plasma interaction is investigated in the quantum radiation reaction regime, where a quantum electrodynamics particle-in-cell code is employed to describe spin-resolved electron dynamics semiclassically and photon emission and polarization quantum mechanically in the local constant field approximation.

TL;DR: In this article, a platform is developed for microsecond single-wire explosions in water, and diagnostics based on a voltage probe, current coil, pressure probe, photodiode, and spectrometer are used to characterize the UEWE process and accompanying shock waves.

TL;DR: In this paper, the role of radiation in heating the unshocked material in front of the shock was examined to understand the impact it has on equation of state measurements and how it drives the measured data off the theoretical Hugoniot curve.

TL;DR: A 100 kJ-level laser facility has been designed to study inertial confinement fusion physics in China as discussed by the authors, which incorporates various diagnostic techniques, including optical, x-ray imaging, xray spectrum, and fusion product diagnostics, as well as general diagnostics assistance systems and central control and data acquisition systems.

TL;DR: The main threats that coarse-grained W would face in the diverse HiPER scenarios are described and some of the different approaches that are being investigated are reviewed, highlight the work done to characterize these new materials, and suggest further experiments.

TL;DR: In this article, an all-optical inverse Compton scattering source (AOCS) based on laser wakefield acceleration can generate intense quasi-monoenergetic x/gamma-ray pulses in the kilo-to-megaelectronvolt range with micrometer-level source size.

TL;DR: Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensed matter as discussed by the authors, however, the only way to determine...

TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid configuration of a deuterium gas puff has been carried out on the HAWK (NRL, Washington DC) and GIT-12 (IHCE, Tomsk) pulsed power generators at 0.7 MA and 3 MA currents, respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the maximum microscopic deviatoric stress in each tungsten sample, a measure of the yield strength, is determined by analyzing the diffraction line width, and it is shown that the strength of Tungsten increases noticeably as the grain size is decreased from 1 µm-3 µm to 10 nm.

TL;DR: In this paper, laser-driven proton beams produced with micrometer-thick solid targets made of aluminum and plastic, respectively, were investigated. And the results showed that the higher charge and cutoff energy of the protons are due to the greater energy coupling efficiencies from the intense laser beams, and the larger divergence angle of the proton is due to deflection of hot electrons during transport in the targets.

TL;DR: For around three decades, high-pressure techniques have been used to study nanomaterials as discussed by the authors, especially the early ones, x-ray diffraction and Raman and infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural transition and equation of state.

TL;DR: In this article, the GARPUN KrF laser facility and 2D simulations using the NUTCY code were performed to study the irradiation of metal and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) targets by 100 ns UV pulses at intensities up to 5 × 1012 W cm−2.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review newly developed experimental methods for NRIXS, together with its characteristics and various applications, with emphasis on the new insights into excitation mechanism and other new information revealed by this technique.

TL;DR: In this article, a new approach to achieve tunable EMP radiation by adjusting the metal content of solid targets, and also help in understanding the mechanism of EMP generation and ejection of hot electrons during laser coupling with targets.

TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art ab initio quantum Langevin molecular dynamics simulations for deuterium-tritium (DT) mixtures at densities from 0.1 g/cm3 to 2000 g/ cm3 and temperatures from 500 K to 2000 eV were performed.

TL;DR: A generalized scaled photoionization model based on the simultaneous introduction of effective charges for non-H-like energies and scaling charges for the reduced energy scale allows the development of analytical formulas for all states nl as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of angular-momentum-changing collisions on dielectronic recombination was analyzed from an atomic kinetic point of view and visualized with a simple analytical model.

TL;DR: A zirconia-based castable ceramic, Aremco Ceramacast 646, is introduced and compared to MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-based CCA 584 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Ciappina et al. as discussed by the authors examined the effect of laser focusing on the effectiveness of a recently discussed scheme for in situ determination of ultrahigh intensities of electromagnetic radiation delivered by multi-petawatt laser facilities, and showed how the resulting yields of highly charged ions generated in the process of multiple sequential tunneling of electrons from atoms depend on the shapes of these distributions.

TL;DR: In this article, the SG-III prototype laser at China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang was used to irradiate polystyrene (CH) samples with a thermal radiation drive, reaching conditions on the principal Hugoniot up to P ≈ 1 TPa (10 Mbar), and away from the principal Hugooniot, up to p ≈ 300 GPa (3 Mbar).