Showing papers in "Measurement Science Review in 2014"
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a method to use information technology at the Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE) Nanchang, China to improve the performance of software and communication engineering.
Abstract: 1 School of Information Technology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China, greatyangy@126com; changesme@163com 2 School of Software and Communication Engineering, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China, shuyinghuang2010@126com, (corresponding author) 3 College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China, junfengmst@163com
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-invasive method of early fault diagnostics of electric motors was proposed, which uses acoustic signals generated by electric motors and essential features were extracted from acoustic signals of motors.
Abstract: In this paper, a non-invasive method of early fault diagnostics of electric motors was proposed. This method uses acoustic signals generated by electric motors. Essential features were extracted from acoustic signals of motors. A plan of study of acoustic signals of electric motors was proposed. Researches were carried out for faultless induction motor, induction motor with one faulty rotor bar, induction motor with two faulty rotor bars and flawless Direct Current, and Direct Current motor with shorted rotor coils. Researches were carried out for methods of signal processing: log area ratio coefficients, Multiple signal classification, Nearest Neighbor classifier and the Bayes classifier. A pattern creation process was carried out using 40 samples of sound. In the identification process 130 five-second test samples were used. The proposed approach will also reduce the costs of maintenance and the number of faulty motors in the industry.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the development, realization and setup of dielectric resonators for the purpose of measuring the surface impedance at microwave frequencies of superconducting thin films.
Abstract: We present the development, realization and setup of dielectric resonators, for the purpose of measuring the surface impedance at microwave frequencies of superconducting thin films. We focus o n resonators designed to operate in dc magnetic fields, optimized for the measurements of the variation of the surface impedance with the applied field. Two resonators, operating at 8 and 48 GHz, are presented. We discuss different approaches to the measurement of the resonator parameters, with particular attention to the nonidealities of real setups in a cryogenic environment. Finally, we present some sample measurement of high-Tc and low-Tc superconducting films.
50 citations
TL;DR: The effectiveness, usefulness and advantages of the model proposed are rooted in the wide range of possibilities it provides in relation to the analysis and synthesis of measuring instruments, the formulation of algorithms and optimization criteria, as well as the development of new intelligent measuring systems with improved accuracy characteristics in dynamic mode.
Abstract: The present paper considers a new model for the formation of the dynamic error inertial component. It is very effective in the analysis and synthesis of measuring instruments positioned on moving objects and measuring their movement parameters. The block diagram developed within this paper is used as a basis for defining the mathematical model. The block diagram is based on the set-theoretic description of the measuring system, its input and output quantities and the process of dynamic error formation. The model reflects the specific nature of the formation of the dynamic error inertial component. In addition, the model submits to the logical interrelation and sequence of the physical processes that form it. The effectiveness, usefulness and advantages of the model proposed are rooted in the wide range of possibilities it provides in relation to the analysis and synthesis of those measuring instruments, the formulation of algorithms and optimization criteria, as well as the development of new intelligent measuring systems with improved accuracy characteristics in dynamic mode.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of flatness deviations of a workpiece made of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic stainless steel is presented in the form of 2D surface maps, 3D surface topographies with extracted single profiles, Abbott-firestone curves, and graphical studies of the Sk parameters.
Abstract: Abstract The following work is an analysis of flatness deviations of a workpiece made of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic stainless steel. The workpiece surface was shaped using efficient machining techniques (milling, grinding, and smoothing). After the machining was completed, all surfaces underwent stylus measurements in order to obtain surface flatness and roughness parameters. For this purpose the stylus profilometer Hommel-Tester T8000 by Hommelwerke with HommelMap software was used. The research results are presented in the form of 2D surface maps, 3D surface topographies with extracted single profiles, Abbott-Firestone curves, and graphical studies of the Sk parameters. The results of these experimental tests proved the possibility of a correlation between flatness and roughness parameters, as well as enabled an analysis of changes in these parameters from shaping and rough grinding to finished machining. The main novelty of this paper is comprehensive analysis of measurement results obtained during a three-step machining process of austenitic stainless steel. Simultaneous analysis of individual machining steps (milling, grinding, and smoothing) enabled a complementary assessment of the process of shaping the workpiece surface macro- and micro-geometry, giving special consideration to minimize the flatness deviations
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) to investigate the air/oil flow has been studied, and both average and distributed oil film thicknesses can be calculated from the reconstructed ECT images.
Abstract: In air/oil lubrication systems, the flow parameters, e.g., flow pattern, liquid film thickness, and air/oil flow rate, are of great importance to the transportation efficiency. In most cases, the on-going two-phase flow is annular flow with the oil moving along the tube wall and the air travelling at high speed in the center. This usually results in the formation of a thin oil film, the thickness of which is a key parameter determining the efficiency of the lubrication system. As the oil film thickness of the on-going air/oil flow varies dynamically, there is actually no applicable method for a non-intrusive test. In this paper, the use of electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) to investigate the air/oil flow has been studied. Capacitance measurements are made from an externally mounted electrode array in a non-invasive and non-intrusive manner. Both average and distributed oil film thicknesses can be calculated from the reconstructed ECT images. Simulation and experimental results show that the ECT technique can
32 citations
TL;DR: A fuzzy logic based bitplane method to automatically segment the background of images and to locate the region of interest of medical images and the proposed metrics are more suitable for the estimation of segmentation accuracy.
Abstract: The performance of assessment in medical image segmentation is highly correlated with the extraction of anatomic structures from them, and the major task is how to separate the regions of interests from the background and soft tissues successfully. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic based bitplane method to automatically segment the background of images and to locate the region of interest of medical images. This segmentation algorithm consists of three steps, namely identification, rule firing, and inference. In the first step, we begin by identifying the bitplanes that represent the lungs clearly. For this purpose, the intensity value of a pixel is separated into bitplanes. In the second step, the triple signum function assigns an optimum threshold based on the grayscale values for the anatomical structure present in the medical images. Fuzzy rules are formed based on the available bitplanes to form the membership table and are stored in a knowledge base. Finally, rules are fired to assign final segmentation values through the inference process. The proposed new metrics are used to measure the accuracy of the segmentation method. From the analysis, it is observed that the proposed metrics are more suitable for the estimation of segmentation accuracy. The results obtained from this work show that the proposed method performs segmentation effectively for the different classes of medical images.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the reasons of error due to thermoelectric inhomogeneity of electrodes of thermocouples acquired during prolonged use, and the neural network method of error correction based on a generalization of verification results in several temperature fields.
Abstract: The article examines: (i) the reasons of error due to thermoelectric inhomogeneity of electrodes of thermocouples acquired during prolonged use; (ii) the neural network method of error correction based on a generalization of verification results in several temperature fields; (iii) the method of investigating the impact of changing the speed of the conversion characteristic drift of thermocouple on error correction; (iv) results of this investigation. It is shown that residual error for type K thermocouples at the 5 % level of significance does not exceed μ±0.46 oС and one at the 10 % level of significance does not exceed ±0.25 °С.
29 citations
TL;DR: Proposed new information system about operation and trial process allows verification according to the proposed method and quality level increasing not only for final product, but also related automatic test laboratory for cars is the result of respecting these principles.
Abstract: Submission is focused on completing the information system about quality, operation, automatic testing and new evaluating method of vehicle subsystem. Numeric analysis is carried out on the base of automatic collection and systematic recording of commercial car operation. Proposed new information system about operation and trial process allows verification according to the proposed method. Critical components verified in laboratory conditions are detected by numeric analysis of reliability. Quality level increasing not only for final product, but also related automatic test laboratory for cars is the result of respecting these principles. ENDENCY TO ensure high technical and operational parameters of a car, and consequently successful realisation of any difficult technical system and mechanism comes out from perfect knowledge of operational conditions, knowledge of operation - technical characteristics and parameters of the system as such. This fact requires increasing requests for technical level of measurement, actual time of measurement results, precision of measurement results, possibility of measurement result processing, level of measurement automation, i.e. measurement as method of objective quantification of physical values, or about relation between two or more physical values. Analysis of achieved results from dealing with the car security area in whole scale of connectivity and relations confirms that the role of laboratory verification is not replaceable in new quality management system. The overall approach to the issue of the test questions in new quality management system, persistent in car production concept, is getting necessary and the car production process as well as the analysis of development trends in car industry shows, the solution to automated testing has an objective need (4), (8). It is necessary to be concerned about automation data gathering about component operation mode in real conditions. It is possible to define their reliability based on gathered data about operating and component failure accepting. It is possible to design a device for test tracing of components and a test method after defining critical elements. We gather data about component operation this way, as the difficult system is in accordance with science and development principles, thus, preventing un=controlled production of non=verified elements in industrial production (6). Based on gathered data, it is possible to increase component reliability and to reach a higher level in planned car production.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel method is proposed based on feedback corrected adaptive notch filters and Hilbert transformation for CMF signal processing and aim to resolve the problems of precision sharp-decline occurrence when using adaptive notch filter (ANF) for tracking the signal frequency for a long time.
Abstract: In this paper, we focus on CMF signal processing and aim to resolve the problems of precision sharp-decline occurrence when using adaptive notch filters (ANFs) for tracking the signal frequency for a long time and phase difference calculation depending on frequency by the sliding Goertzel algorithm (SGA) or the recursive DTFT algorithm with negative frequency contribution. A novel method is proposed based on feedback corrected ANF and Hilbert transformation. We design an index to evaluate whether the ANF loses the signal frequency or not, according to the correlation between the output and input signals. If the signal frequency is lost, the ANF parameters will be adjusted duly. At the same time, singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm is introduced to reduce noise. And then, phase difference between the two signals is detected through trigonometry and Hilbert transformation. With the frequency and phase difference obtained, time interval of the two signals is calculated. Accordingly, the mass flow rate is derived. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method always preserves a constant high precision of frequency tracking and a better performance of phase difference measurement compared with the SGA or the recursive DTFT algorithm with negative frequency contribution.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a short-lasting psycho-physiological relaxation was investigated by an analysis of its bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics, and the results showed that alpha powers were decreasing during resting conditions of 3-minute sessions in lying position with eyes closed.
Abstract: Short-lasting psycho-physiological relaxation was investigated th rough an analysis of its bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics. In 8 subjects, 6-channel EEG data of 3-minute duration were recorded during 88 relaxation sessions. Time course of spectral EEG features was examined. Alpha powers were decreasing during resting conditions of 3-minute sessions in lying position with eyes closed. This was followed by a decrease of total power in centro-parietal cortex regions and an increase of beta power in fronto-central areas. Represented by EEG coherences the interhemispheric communication between the parieto-occipital regions was enhanced within a frequency range of 2-10 Hz. In order to discern between higher and lower levels of relaxation distinguished according to self-rated satisfaction, EEG features were assessed and discriminating parameters were identified. Successful relax - ation was determined mainly by the presence of decreased delta-1 power across the cortex. Potential applications for these findings include the clinical, pharmacological, and stress management fields. HE RELAXATION response is an integrated body reaction that reflects the voluntary resting state of both the body and the mind. The characterization of the changes in brain ac- tivity during the resting state is relevant to many fields, in clud- ing stress reduction, sleep deprivation, and the testing of phar- macological substances related to drugs with hypnotic and sedative effects. Relaxation response influences mental an d physical health and has an important role in moderating ten- sion and psychosocial stress. In a broader sense, stress is a c- knowledged as one of the major problems of modern society. Regular relaxation practice can affect the various physiol og- ical and psychological parameters involved in aging, diges- tion, general well-being, and psycho-somatic disease. Conse- quently, there is a growing need to monitor the physiological processes associated with relaxation and stress response. The term "relaxation" conveys positive and beneficial phenomena. However, it is difficult to define psycho- physiological relaxation in terms of specific physiologica l pa- rameters. According to Travis (1), five categories of physio- logical variables have the potential to discern between the lev- els of relaxation, including breath and heart rates, as well as skin conductance. Similar parameters for the characterization of stress levels were reported by Vavrinsk˝ (2). Physiologi- cal indicators of the relaxation response introduced in Fos ter (3) include decreased oxygen consumption, respiration, and heart rate, in addition to increased alpha brain wave produc- tion. According to Ossebaard (4), relaxation is comprised of biological, psychological, and social components. Another useful source of information on relaxation is re- search on meditation. In fact there are no issues focused di- rectly on EEG dynamics during relaxation induction in the lit- erature. Differences between two distinct states or condit ions are usually investigated, e.g., before the state of relaxat ion or meditation and during or after such a state. However, here we focused on a gradual change of the physiological state. Various types of meditation are known to induce a relaxed state (5, 6, 1). Usually, with increased level of meditation, a deeper state of relaxation can be established. This finding is supported in parallel by subjective observations and phys- iological parameters (e.g., respiratory rate, skin conduc tance, and production of plasma lactate) (1).
TL;DR: The 2D cardiac model offers a good compromise between computational load and model complexity, and can be used as a first step towards three dimensional ECG models with more complex, precise and accurate geometry of anatomical structures, to investigate the effect of various cardiac electrophysiological parameters on ECG morphology.
Abstract: The aim of this study was the development of a geometrically simple and highly computationally- efficient two dimensional (2D) biophysical model of whole heart electrical activity, incorporating spontaneous activation of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the specialized conduction system, and realistic surface ECG morphology computed on the torso. The FitzHugh– Nagumo (FHN) equations were incorporated into a bidomain finite element model of cardiac electrical activity, which was comprised of a simplified geometry of the whole heart with the blood cavities, the lungs and the torso as an extracellular volume conductor. To model the ECG, we placed four electrodes on the surface of the torso to simulate three Einthoven leads V from the standard 12-lead system. The 2D model was able to reconstruct ECG morphology on the torso from action potentials generated at various regions of the heart, including the sinoatrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, His bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers, and ventricles. Our 2D cardiac model offers a good compromise between computational load and model complexity, and can be used as a first step towards three dimensional (3D) ECG models with more complex, precise and accurate geometry of anatomical structures, to investigate the effect of various cardiac electrophysiological parameters on ECG morphology.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied the criterion for the existence of non-classical effects derived by C.T. Lee on parametric fluorescence for two multimode beams of parametric down-conversion through numerical simulations.
Abstract: The article provides a short theoretical background of what the non-classical light means. We applied the criterion for the existence of non-classical effects derived by C.T. Lee on parametric fluorescence. The criterion was originally derived for the study of two light beams with one mode per beam. We checked if the criterion is still working for two multimode beams of parametric down-conversion through numerical simulations. The theoretical results were tested by measurement of photon number statistics of twin beams emitted by nonlinear BBO crystal pumped by intense femtoseconds UV pulse. We used ICCD camera as the detector of photons in both beams. It appears that the criterion can be used for the measurement of the quantum efficiencies of the ICCD cameras.
TL;DR: Two new sliding DTFT algorithms for phase difference measurement based on a new kind of windows are proposed, respectively, which are easy to be realized and have a higher accuracy than the traditional DTFT-based algorithm.
Abstract: For the ultra-low frequency signals or adjacent Nyquist frequency signals, which exist in the vibration engineering domain, the traditional DTFT-based algorithm shows serious bias for phase difference measurement. It is indicated that the spectrum leakage and negative frequency contribution are the essential causes of the bias. In order to improve the phase difference measurement accuracy of the DTFT-based algorithm, two new sliding DTFT algorithms for phase difference measurement based on a new kind of windows are proposed, respectively. Firstly, the new kind of windows developed by convolving conventional rectangular windows is introduced, which obtains a stronger inhibition of spectrum leakage. Then, with negative frequency contribution considered, two new formulas for phase difference calculation under the new kind of windows are derived in detail. Finally, the idea of sliding recursive is proposed to decrease the computational load. The proposed algorithms are easy to be realized and have a higher accuracy than the traditional DTFT-based algorithm. Simulations and engineering applications verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
TL;DR: In this paper, Hamarova et al. presented a method for determining the mean speckle size in Simulated Speckle Pattern I.177 Methods for Determination of Mean Spearle Size.
Abstract: 177 Methods for Determination of Mean Speckle Size in Simulated Speckle Pattern I. Hamarova, P. Smid, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský 1 Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 17. listopadu, 12, 77141, Olomouc, Czech Republic, ivana.hamarova@upol.cz, petr.smid@upol.cz 2 Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu, 12, 77141, Olomouc, Czech Republic, pavel.horvath@upol.cz, miroslav.hrabovsky@upol.cz
TL;DR: In this paper, an analogous relationship between the results of open-shortload (OSL) and transmission-line (TL) calibration was identified, and the proposed TL calibration procedure was validated by using the OSL calibration method and by comparing the results with the calculated integral admittance.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the calibration of apertures for rectangular waveguides using open-short-load (OSL) standards and transmission-line (TL) approaches. The reflection coefficients that were measured using both calibration techniques were compared with the coefficients acquired using the thru-reflect-line (TRL) method. In this study, analogous relationships between the results of OSL calibration and TL calibration were identified. In the OSL calibration method, the theoretical, open-standard values are calculated from quasi-static integral models. The proposed TL calibration procedure is a simple, rapid, broadband approach, and its results were validated by using the OSL calibration method and by comparing the results with the calculated integral admittance. The quasi-static integral models were used to convert the measured reflection coefficients to relative permittivities for the infinite samples and the thin, finite samples. Keywords: Relative permittivity, thin materials, rectangular waveguide, reflection coefficient, one-port calibration, admittance aperture.
TL;DR: The simulation results show that the improved semisoft shrinkage real-time denoising method has quite a good performance in comparison to the traditional methods, namely soft-thresholding and hard-th thresholding, which can solve more practical engineering problems.
Abstract: Signal denoising can not only enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) but also reduce the effect of noise. In order to satisfy the requirements of real-time signal denoising, an improved semisoft shrinkage real-time denoising method based on lifting wavelet transform was proposed. The moving data window technology realizes the real-time wavelet denoising, which employs wavelet transform based on lifting scheme to reduce computational complexity. Also hyperbolic threshold function and recursive threshold computing can ensure the dynamic characteristics of the system, in addition, it can improve the real-time calculating efficiency as well. The simulation results show that the semisoft shrinkage real-time denoising method has quite a good performance in comparison to the traditional methods, namely soft-thresholding and hard-thresholding. Therefore, this method can solve more practical engineering problems.
TL;DR: Temperatures -An Uncertainty Analysis I. Rnik et al. as discussed by the authors, 2015, I. Stubňa, P. Sin, A. Trnik, L. Vozar, P., A. Hlinku, L., P. Vosar, A., A., Trnik and A.
Abstract: Temperatures – An Uncertainty Analysis I. Stubňa, P. Sin, A. Trnik, L. Vozar Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, A. Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia, atrnik@ukf.sk Department of Physics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University, Thakurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic
TL;DR: In this paper, a compensation method using two standard thread gauges to calculate the alignment deviations is proposed to reduce the system error, and the theoretical and experimental comparisons between the single gauge calibration method and the proposed method are presented.
Abstract: For measurement of existing thread parameters using profile scanning, system error increases as pitch diameter, difference between the calibrating thread and measuring thread increases with the single gauge calibration method. There are several alignment deviations affecting the measurement of pitch diameter. To reduce the system error, a compensation method using two standard thread gauges to calculate the alignment deviations is proposed here. Finally, the theoretical and experimental comparisons between the single gauge calibration method and the proposed method are presented. The results demonstrate that the two gauges calibration method can effectively reduce the system error.
TL;DR: Investigation results indicate that RS-SVM classifier effectively realized the pattern identification for water hold up states via fuzzy reasoning and self-learning, and GA-NN predictors are capable of forecasting water content in the different water holdup patterns as well as adjusting the model parameters adaptively in terms of online measuring range.
Abstract: Measurement of water content in oil-water mixing flow was restricted by special problems such as narrow measuring range and low accuracy. A simulated multi-sensor measurement system in the laboratory was established, and the influence of multi-factor such as temperature, and salinity content on the measurement was investigated by numerical simulation combined with experimental test. A soft measurement model based on rough set-support vector machine (RS-SVM) classifier and genetic algorithm-neural network (GA-NN) predictors was reported in this paper. Investigation results indicate that RS-SVM classifier effectively realized the pattern identification for water holdup states via fuzzy reasoning and self-learning, and GA-NN predictors are capable of subsection forecasting water content in the different water holdup patterns, as well as adjusting the model parameters adaptively in terms of online measuring range. Compared with the actual laboratory analyzed results, the soft model proposed can be effectively used for estimating the water content in oil-water mixture in all-round measuring range.
TL;DR: The Reduced Data Dualscale Entropy Analysis method is proposed to reduce the data size required for clearly discriminating the CHF patients from young and elderly subjects with only two scales.
Abstract: Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important dynamic variable of the cardiovascular system, which operates on multiple time scales. In this study, Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis is applied to HRV signals taken from Physiobank to discriminate Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) patients from healthy young and elderly subjects. The discrimination power of the MSE method is decreased as the amount of the data reduces and the lowest amount of the data at which there is a clear discrimination between CHF and normal subjects is found to be 4000 samples. Further, this method failed to discriminate CHF from healthy elderly subjects. In view of this, the Reduced Data Dualscale Entropy Analysis method is proposed to reduce the data size required (as low as 500 samples) for clearly discriminating the CHF patients from young and elderly subjects with only two scales. Further, an easy to interpret index is derived using this new approach for the diagnosis of CHF. This index shows 100 % accuracy and correlates well with the pathophysiology of heart failure.
TL;DR: A survey of error models starting from the structural models for the most common architectures and their linkage with the behavioral models represented by the simple look up table or the functional description of nonlinear errors for the output codes.
Abstract: Error models of the Analog to Digital Converters describe metrological properties of the signal conversion from analog to digital domain in a concise form using few dominant error parameters. Knowledge of the error models allows the end user to provide fast testing in the crucial points of the full input signal range and to use identified error models for post correction in the digital domain. The imperfections of the internal ADC structure determine the error characteristics represented by the nonlinearities as a function of the output code. Progress in the microelectronics and missing information about circuital details together with the lack of knowledge about interfering effects caused by ADC installation prefers another modeling approach based on the input-output behavioral characterization by the input-output error box. Internal links in the ADC structure cause that the input-output error function could be described in a concise form by suitable function. Modeled functional parameters allow determining the integral error parameters of ADC. Paper is a survey of error models starting from the structural models for the most common architectures and their linkage with the behavioral models represented by the simple look up table or the functional description of nonlinear errors for the output codes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the properties of three configurations of RF coils for MRI measurements on small animals was made. And the results showed that the parallel-plate coil has very good properties for the measurement of small animals.
Abstract: The paper is concerned with a comparison of the properties of RF coils of three configurations for MRI measurements on small animals. In comparison with the classical saddle coil the proposed modification of slotted-tube coil exhibits identical homogeneity of B1 field in a larger space. The parallel-plate coil has a satisfactory homogeneity of B1 field over the whole internal space. The signal-to-noise ratio measured for all three coils is roughly the same and is given by the magnitude of RF pre-amplifier noise. As the slotted-tube and parallel-plate coils have a lower inductance compared with the saddle coil, they can be tuned to resonance on the 200 MHz frequency even at larger dimensions. The results show that the parallel-plate coil has very good properties for the measurement of small animals.
TL;DR: A compact electro-permeabilization system for controlled treatment of biological cells is presented and evaluation of the cell medium conductivity change is implemented, allowing indirect measurement of the ion concentration changes occurring due to the cell membrane permeabilization.
Abstract: Subjection of biological cells to high intensity pulsed electric field results in the permeabilization of the cell membrane. Measurement of the electrical conductivity change allows an analysis of the dynamics of the process, determination of the permeabilization thresholds, and ion efflux influence. In this work a compact electro-permeabilization system for controlled treatment of biological cells is presented. The system is capable of delivering 5 μs – 5 ms repetitive square wave electric field pulses with amplitude up to 1 kV. Evaluation of the cell medium conductivity change is implemented in the setup, allowing indirect measurement of the ion concentration changes occurring due to the cell membrane permeabilization. The simulation model using SPICE and the experimental data of the proposed system are presented in this work. Experimental data with biological cells is also overviewed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new measurement concept of modeling measuring instruments for gyro-free determination of the parameters of moving objects is proposed, which eliminates the disadvantages of the existing measuring instruments since it is based on a considerably simplified mechanical module, and on the advanced achievements in the area of nanotechnologies, microprocessor and computer equipment.
Abstract: The present paper considers a new measurement concept of modeling measuring instruments for gyrofree determination of the parameters of moving objects. The proposed approach eliminates the disadvantages of the existing measuring instruments since it is based, on one hand, on a considerably simplified mechanical module, and on the other hand, on the advanced achievements in the area of nanotechnologies, microprocessor and computer equipment. A specific measuring system intended for measuring the trim, heel, roll, and pitch of a ship has been developed in compliance with the basic principles of this concept. The high dynamic accuracy of this measuring system is ensured by an additional measurement channel operating in parallel with the main channel. The operating principle of the additional measurement channel is based on an appropriate correction algorithm using signals from linear MEMS accelerometers. The presented results from the tests carried out by means of stand equipment in the form of a hexapod of six degrees of freedom prove the effectiveness of the proposed measurement concept. HE CURRENT STAGE of development of metrology and measuring equipment is distinguished for the transition from measuring quantities constant within time to measuring variable quantities. This transition is caused by a number of reasons but there are two main reasons (1). The first one is related to the advanced level of science and technology today and the possibilities for using the high= tech achievements in the area of microprocessor and computer equipment for real measuring procedures. The second one refers to the continuous improvement of present means of transport (ships, aircrafts, road transport, etc.) in relation to their speed, safety, comfort, and so on. In this regard the development and improvement of the measuring equipment for determining the parameters that characterize the time=space position, the motion mo de, etc. of the above means of transport are very topical. The control effectiveness of these moving objects depends on the quality (accuracy, reliability, form, and rate of presentation) of the
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used an ultrasonic pulse for quantifying the dry rubber content (DRC) in latex solution, and the results reveal that the ultrasonic speed and spatial attenuation are linearly proportional to the amount of dry rubber contents in the solution.
Abstract: The quality of latex solution harvested from a para rubber tree is determined by the amount of dry rubber content (DRC). In this work, we propose the use of an ultrasonic pulse for quantifying the DRC in latex solution. Fresh latex solutions are acquired locally from different regions in the south of Thailand. The DRC of the solutions is evaluated for calibration purposes by the standard technique as recommended in ISO126:2005. Along with the calibration experiment, the ultrasonic pulse experiment is performed on the same set of the solutions in cylindrical tubes of different lengths. The ultrasonic pulse transverse longitudinally through the tubes which are fully contained with the latex solutions. Ultrasonic speeds and spatial attenuations for different dry rubber contents can then be obtained. Our results reveal that the ultrasonic speed and spatial attenuation are linearly proportional to the amount of dry rubber content in latex solution. Using the empirical relationship between the spatial attenuation and the DRC, we can predict the DRC with the accuracy comparable to that of the microwave-drying technique. Given the size of the tube, our setup is relatively small and can be portable.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend the short introduction provided by the GUM to show that linear mixed models cover a wider range of situations occurring in practice and can be beneficial when employed in data analysis of long-term repeated experiments.
Abstract: In Annex H.5, the Guide to the Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [1] recognizes the necessity to analyze certain types of experiments by applying random effects ANOVA models. These belong to the more general family of linear mixed models that we focus on in the current paper. Extending the short introduction provided by the GUM, our aim is to show that the more general, linear mixed models cover a wider range of situations occurring in practice and can be beneficial when employed in data analysis of long-term repeated experiments. Namely, we point out their potential as an aid in establishing an uncertainty budget and as means for gaining more insight into the measurement process. We also comment on computational issues and to make the explanations less abstract, we illustrate all the concepts with the h elp of a measurement campaign conducted in order to challenge the uncertainty budget in calibration of accelerometers.
TL;DR: In this article, a double-emitter ultrasonic system for distance measurements based on the correlation method is presented, which may be particularly useful in difficult conditions, e.g. for media parameters undergoing fast changes or in cases when obstacles and mechanical interference produce false reflections.
Abstract: A novel double-emitter ultrasonic system for distance measurements based on the correlation method is presented. The proposed distance measurement method may be particularly useful in difficult conditions, e.g. for media parameters undergoing fast changes or in cases when obstacles and mechanical interference produce false reflections. The system is a development of a previously studied single-head idea. The present article covers a comparison of the two systems in terms of efficiency and precision. Experimental research described in this paper indicated that adding the second head improved the measurement exactness – standard deviation decreased by 40%. The correlation method is also described in detail, also giving the criterion for the quality of the measurement signal.
TL;DR: In this paper, an adaptive interferometry technique based on dynamic hologram recorded in photorefractive CdTe crystal for measuring picogram mass adsorbed on micromechanical resonators with dimensions 215×40×15 was presented.
Abstract: Mass of macroscopic object is easily measured by a suitable balance. However, this approach becomes inapplicable if mass of microscopic object is to be determined. Alternative approach for mass measurement is based on using the micromechanical resonator as an inertial balance where oscillation frequency is shifted by small quantities of adsorbed mass. In this work we present experimental results of applying an adaptive interferometry technique based on dynamic hologram recorded in photorefractive CdTe crystal for measuring picogram mass adsorbed on micromechanical resonators with dimensions 215×40×15
TL;DR: The goal of this work is the extraction of the whole pathological area using such an algorithm that does not require a human intervention, and the method reached promising results for all of the combinations of images.
Abstract: This work discusses fully automated extraction of brain tumor and edema in 3D MR volumes. The goal of this work is theextraction of the whole pathological area using such an algorithm that does not require a human intervention. For the good visibilityof these kinds of tissues both T2-weighted and FLAIR images were used. The proposed method was tested on 80 MR volumes ofpublicly available BRATS database, which contains high and low grade gliomas, both real and simulated. The performance wasevaluated by the Dice coefficient, where the results were differentiated between high and low grade and real and simulated gliomas.The method reached promising results for all of the combinations of images: real high grade (0.73 0.20), real low grade (0.81 0.06), simulated high grade (0.81 0.14), and simulated low grade (0.81 0.04).Keywords: Brain tumor, brain tumor segmentation, extraction, magnetic resonance, MRI, pathology, segmentation, symmetryanalysis.