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Showing papers in "Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The addition of crushed Eruca sativa seeds improve the lipid profile and risk index, also reduce stress condition in males and females quail, especially when given in the growth stage and before sexual maturity.
Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of crushed Rocket salad (Eruca sativa) seeds on serum lipid profile and risk index of males and females quail before and after sexual maturity. A total of two hundred forty unsexed quail (Coturnix coturnix) (7 days aged) were randomly distributed into 4 groups (60 birds/ group, 5 replicates, 12 birds / replicate), the feed and water were allowed ad libitum, and the treatment continued till 77 days age, as follows:1 group(control): birds were reared on standard ration (without Eruca sativa seeds). 2 group: birds were reared on standard ration supplemented with 6 g / kg crushed Eruca sativa seeds from the age of 7 days till 42 days age. 3 group: birds were reared on standard ration supplemented with 6 g / kg crushed Eruca sativa seeds from the age of 42 days till 77 days age. 4 group: birds were reared on standard ration supplemented with 6 g / kg crushed Eruca sativa seeds for the whole period of experiment (7 77 days). The addition of crushed Eruca sativa seed don't change the level of blood glucose, but it improves serum lipid profile in males and females quail, especially when given in the early stage of growth before sexual maturity (Eruca sativa from 7days age), and there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-C compared with control. Also the addition of Eruca sativa seeds in the ration enhanced and significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the level of HDL-C in males and females quail before sexual maturity (2 and 4 groups), and there is no significant changes in the level of LDL-C compared with control, which reflected in improvement of risk index (LDL/HDL) especially when Eruca sativa seeds were added from 7 days age. On the other hand, the addition of Eruca sativa seeds reduced the stress effects in males and females quail as represented by a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in AST and ALT values as compared with the control group. In conclusion, the addition of crushed Eruca sativa seeds improve the lipid profile and risk index, also reduce stress condition in males and females quail, especially when given in the growth stage and before sexual maturity. Keyword: Eruca sativa, Rocket Salad, LDL, HDL, Quail. Received: 27/8/ 2018, Accepted: 7/11/2018 Introduction Rocket salad \"Eruca sativa\" is one of the most commonly used plants in many countries of world, including the Mediterranean region, particularly in Iraq, the Levant and Egypt (Uğur et al., 2010 ; Al-Eneezy, 2004), as it is of great importance for human and animal health as well as its various medicinal therapeutic properties, * Part of M Sc. Dissertation of the second author نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم دلجملا ) 47 ( ددعلا ) 1 ( 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (1) 2019

6 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed that feeding of Fenugreek seeds had a significant effect on semen ejaculation volume, semen consistency,mass and individual motility of spermatozoa, percentages of live and dead spermatozosa, sperm abnormality and total sperm concentration / ml compared with the control group rams.
Abstract: This study aimed to know the effect of three rations contains same crude protein and metabolizable energy but differs in Fenugreek seeds percentage( 0 , 5 and 10 %), Fifteen Awassi rams (2-3 years old), were randomly divided into three equal groups (5 rams/group) weighting 50-55 Kg during winter season from (15/11/2011 15/2/2012). Results showed that feeding of Fenugreek seeds had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on semen ejaculation volume, semen consistency ,mass and individual motility of spermatozoa, percentages of live and dead spermatozoa , sperm abnormality .However there were no significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on total sperm concentration / ml compared with the control group rams. Keyword: Fenugreek seeds , semen , ram. Received: 21/8/ 2018, Accepted: 21/3/112

4 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlighted on behavior of different forms of potassium, their distributions through soil profile, and the relationships between them and with soil other properties, and showed that the various forms of K were positively and significantly correlated amongst themselves and with CaCO3 content of the soils negatively.
Abstract: 1n the last few years, the demand increased especially in the developing countries for food production. One of the parameters to increase the production quantitatively and qualitatively is the use of fertilizers by following the modern techniques in fertilization which needs a detail soil studies. This study highlighted on behavior of different forms of potassium, their distributions through soil profile, and the relationships between them and with soil other properties. To represent a detailed study of the potassium behavior, twenty two surface (0-15cm) and subsurface (15-30cm) soil samples were selected from Nineveh province. The soil chemical and physical properties of each location are different. Distribution of different forms of K in these soils, i.e., available, water soluble (H2O-K), exchangeable (NH4OAc-K), non-exchangeable (HNO3-K), mineral and Total forms were ranged from (0.708 to 1.167),( 0.006 to 0.146), (0.691 to 1.124), (1.150 to 3.261), (35.48 to 52.81) and (38.78 to 58.65) respectively, for surface soil and (0.559 –0.997),( 0.003-0.105), (0.554 to 0.914), (0.997 to 2.801), (30.04 to 56.77) and (32.55 to 60.88) respectively, for sub-surface soil. Correlation study showed that the various forms of K were positively and significantly correlated amongst themselves and with CaCO3 content of the soils negatively. The water soluble, exchangeable; available; nonexchangeable and mineral potassium constituted only 0.075; 1.65 ;.1.73; 3.95 and 92.03 percent of the totalK respectively.

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Acid scarification and cold mist stratification both increased germinations and improved seedling features, but germination rates were highest and fastest when these treatments were applied together.
Abstract: The thick, hard and water-impermeable seed coat cause physical dormancy and low germination rate in Albizia lebbeck (L.), to overcome this physical dormancy, seeds were pretreated with concentrated HCl and cold mist condition. Immersing seeds in concentrated HCl acid 37% for 30 and 45min effectively raised seed germination rate (35.56% and 46.67%) respectively as compared to control treatment (15.56%). Cold mist storage at 5C for 4 and 8 weeks also significantly increased germination percentage (51.11% and 68.89%) respectively. Furthermore, the combination of cold mist stratification for 8 weeks and immersion in HCl for 15min boost the germination rate to 75.56% an increase of 59.90% comparing to control treatment. For seedling parameters, all treatments have positive effects on the studied characters highest seedling height (37cm) and number of leaves per plant (18 leaves) where found in, 8 weeks cold mist condition, however, the combination of 15min acid scarification and 8 week cold mist stratification resulted in higher leaves area (207.52). Acid scarification and cold mist stratification both increased germinations and improved seedling features, but germination rates were highest and fastest when these treatments were applied together. The results suggest that to enhance seedling qualities, seed germination rate and speed, a combination of scarification and stratification should be used.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Al-Eqabi et al. identified the level of farmers knowledge in Rabia Subdistrict/Nineveh governorateon potato cultivation and identified the problems facing the potato cultivation.
Abstract: The research aims to identify level of farmers knowledge in Rabia Subdistrict/Nineveh governorateon potato cultivation , identifiy the differences in Knowledge level according to some variables: Age, Education level, years' number of experience potato farming, land ownership, number of dependent information sources of potato , monthly income, type farming career and previous training, and identify the problems facing the potato cultivation.The data were collected by a questionnaire, and analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann_Whitney test. The important results showed that (45.88 %) of the farmers have medium knowledge, the higher knowledge level in crop service field , there are significant differences in knowledge levels according to age, educational level, number of experience years of potato crop, type of farming career and the important problems facing potato farmers is high price of production cost, also there are some recommendations and suggestions. Keyword: Knowledge level, potato farmers, problem. Received: 11/10/ 2018, Accepted: 19/3/2019 Introduction Rural community development programs have a great interest to governmental institutions ,especially in developing countries this is due to the believe of these countries including Iraq that the attitude towards the agricultural development is the foundation of the development as a essential step to development society as a whole (Al-Eqabi and Al-Badri,2007). Agricultural area development is complicated process ,which involves many things and troubles which require a solutions (Ziemianczyk etat,2014 ) , to face these troubles must the techniques be translated in the confirmation stage ,farmers seeks reinforcement innovation -decision and may reverse this decision if exposed to conflicting messages about the innovation ,also to avoid a state dissonance or reduce it and to overcome these problems(Rogers,2003) .The lack of knowledge and its provision on technological is an issue as farmers are unable in obtaining the required knowledge and skills, extension services are critical to increase agriculture production(Anonymous,2009),potato is grown with spring and autumn berries for the consumtion or seed production demand has increasedon it and the Iraqi consumption pattern has increased significantly (Thallaj and Al– Najjar,2013)Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the levels of potato farmers in the under study area prior to the transfer technology that specific to potato cultivation, in order to identify the flaw in their knowledge and the associated struggles and spread the realist techniques needed by the potato farmers to develop the crop and increase production (quantity and quality), despite the tremendous development on the level of researches and scientific achievements, our knowledge of the essence of information, نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 1 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (1) 2019

2 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of three levels of P2O5 fertilizer (0, 260 and 520 mg ) per pot, humic acid at 0.6 and 0.8 mg.
Abstract: Pots experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Horticulture Department College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences/ University of Duhok to investigate the influence of three levels of P2O5 fertilizer (0, 260 and 520 mg ) per pot , humic acid at (0, 0.6 and 0.8 mg.L ) and magnetic water with three group, group (1) irrigated with tap water, group (2) irrigated with magnetized water remain in the container for 12 hours and group (3) irrigated with magnetized water remain in the container for 24 hours on the growth and oil yield of Black cumin Nigella sativa L. The experimental treatments consisted of five replications in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results revealed that P2O5 fertilizer at 520 mg.pot -1 significantly increased all the studied characteristics. Humic acid at 0.6 and 0.8 mg.L had no significant effect on most of the studied characteristics except total chlorophyll and volatile oil. The group of plants that irrigated with magnetic water for 24 h caused significant increasing in all studied characteristics. Double and triple interactions among studies factors showed significant influence on all the studied characteristics as compared to untreated plants including (plant height, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, number of capsule/plant, dry weight, total chlorophyll, fixed oil percentage, volatile oil percentage and total carbohydrates percentage).

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The melatonin addition did not have significant effect on the live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and the feed conversion ratio from the age of 7 to 35 days, although there was a significant decrease in the melatonin treatments body weight at 21 Day.
Abstract: This study designed to demonstrate the effect of adding different levels of melatonin in some productive and physiological characteristics of quail birds at the age of 35 days. Melatonin added from 7 days to 21 days age, a total 225 bird aged 7 days divided into three treatments with three replicates. The first treatment represented the control treatment (without addition). The second and third treatments Ration supplemented with melatonin at a concentration of 20 and 30 mg / Kg feed respectively. The results showed: the melatonin addition did not have significant effect on the live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, and the feed conversion ratio from the age of 7 to 35 days, although there was a significant decrease in the melatonin treatments body weight at 21 Day. In addition, melatonin treatment had no significant effect on the total number of red blood cells, white blood cells, PCV% and hemoglobin concentration. While the third treatment showed a significant decrease in MCV and MCH compared to control treatment. About the antioxidants status, Melatonin (20 mg|\\kg) reduce MDA and increase GSH significantly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An Experiment was conducted during growing Geranium during growing 1/7/2010 until 30/5/2011 to study the effect of foliar application of PRO.SOL nutrient solution and Liquorice extract on growth and flowering of Geranium.
Abstract: An Experiment was conducted during growing 1/7/2010 until 30/5/2011. in a private nursery at Hilla governotate (Nursery of Jennt Al-Ahlam) , to study the effect of foliar application of PRO.SOL nutrient solution and Liquorice extract on growth and flowering of Geranium (Pelargonium zonale L). Cultivar "Hans Rigler" .the experiment included لولاا ثحابلل ريتسجام ةحورطا نم لتسم ثحبلا ةيعارزلا مولعلل تارفلا ةلجم 4 ( 3 :) 1 11 , ( 1021 ) سابعو رصان ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 1 ISSN 2072-3875 test of three concenterations of Nutrient Solution PRO.SOL (0,1.0 and 1.5) g.L-1 and three concenterations of Liquorice Extract (0,1.5 and 3.0)g.L-1 The Experiment was conducted as Factorial Experiment Randomized Complete Block Design(R.C.B.D).Duncans Multiple Range test was used at propapility of 0.05 to compare means.Results showed that: Spraying plant with Nutrient Solution of PRO.SOL at (1.5) g.L-1 or Liquorice Extract at (3.0) g.L-1 significantly increased on Growth Vegetative and Flowering Parameters. as compared the control treatment. Meanwhile interacton between Nutrient Solution of PRO.SOL at (1.5) g.L-1 and Liquorice Extract at (3.0) g.L-1 significantly increased mean leaf area (3.85 cm -2 ), and leaf contents of total chlorophyll (121.53mg.100g-1 fresh weight), and total solubile carbohydrate (7.98mg.g-1dry weight) ,nitrogen leaf contents (5.65gm.kg-1) , phosphorus (1.19gm.kg-1 ( and zinc (18.72mg.kg-1) of Spring season. and mean of number florets.plant-1 (1.99florets.plant-1) of Autumn season and (3.59florets.plant-1) of Spring season and dry weight (0.86g) of Autumn season and (0.94g) of Spring season and content flowers of anthocyanin (12.88mg.g-1) of Spring season , and gave increased interacton between Nutrient Solution PRO.SOL at (1.5) g.L-1 and Liquorice Extract at (1.5) g.L-1 significantly increased the total branch number (7.05branch.plant-1) and shoot dry weight (7.94g) of Spring season, Meanwhile gave control treatment least mean on on Growth Vegetative and Flowering Parameters. :ةمدقملا ذشنتهشبجت ااذ ن هذ ر ي zonale Pelargonium ذشنتهشبجت ذنااهجت ىذجت Geranaceae ذ هذث ت مذضا هذرجتل 11 و س 850 ل ه (اشتيهلت ب هنيلات ط ع ن 1994 ذوتسوأ اذ ذ ش ري ا اا جت ت ش ت هالاو.) يأو قت نأ ةهث و اب أو نت جت د هاو سا تو ( هش ا ةهرل طو االلاا ر ايت نوو لا Larson و (1992, Fonterno ل يساذ ق ش ذ ذقوهل ل .اذ يهتا هشبذ, ص ذ ذ ي ل عاذفاسلات عذ ر له ه ه ذ ق ااذ ن ذ و ل ذتن د ذ ذش راو لاذ قان اس ن اه س ي ه ةا غ ه و لصتت جت ىجت ة و ج ت اتذ ل هي رس , وتسوأو د لاذسجت ىذنق ىذع جت ذجدا ر هذ و صذي ط م ق اهجو وس جت ل ج هوا ق ل نجت هل فنرمي ص جت ىنق يهات ساذ ت. شذ لات اذه ذش ت اذهنت جتو صذي ط هذ ت صذ ا ىذنق ش شت اتس ن هل ه بر ل ف تنج ججاي هشغهظ جت نش فذذيلات ل ذذنجت اذذناش تو هذذنفنهتجتو هنت ذذ سلاتو ذذ هتجتو هذذ لاتو لوهذذتتو لا نذذسجت( ه (1982, ةهذذ تذذ هراو . ذذس ت اتذ هذذ ثجت ل ذذ او ل شذذ و ي ذذ أه قو ا)رذذ سذذ ت وذ جي ذذاو ا) ذذ سذذ ت وذ ملذذ ذذ ذذشنتهشبجت ( تو س اه ص هل ص ل Graig و Walker ل (1959 . ا ر تو ن ه ةداي هل ه جت ص ت هجت هعسلاتوت هوس جت ش سرجت ه رهي ذجذول اذهاد و سا لات ي ا لت اذ و ل ذشات غجت هذيا هجت ذ ذاا اشر ت ذلا ااذ جت دو ا هرجت ن ت ر جتو جشج جت ش سرجت ج ته عا ات )ت ذ م ذيت ت ذج ، اا جت صتتد ىهبا ىرجت ي شججت ااشن هجت ىنق ش نسجت اتدوده ج سوهضجت هات غجت ه هجت عتن هشل ا سوهضجت اذ ج اذشل)ا ةهذ,ا ااذ جت بذسنت اهذ ر رج هذضمجت ع ذ ب جت ىذنق اهذ,س ميهط ق هيا هجت ، اجذ جت( ذ هرجت ىذجت اهرلاذعت ذ ق صسغو تش ثا ااشن ق ج ضههرا 1994 ذي غرجت لت ااذ تس جت تذر رأ ذوو . ) جت صذتتد صذضلت ص شات غجت هيا هجت اترنت هل جاهل تيهط شوس جت شن ه جت ذ جت هذل اهر اذس ذجذ ذنري مذر ااذ اذ ته أ ذ تسد هذفلل ااذ نج هذهش جت ه شج ذجت ( (2005 صذفنهتجت ااذ ن ذ,س ذ ق Dianthus caryophyllus ذر)ث دا ذ ذ ذش تها Mg-Nitro ( 1,0 و (2 هذرج. صذ 2 د ذقو ااذ نج هذضمجت ع ذ ب نج اذبجت ل ذجت داذيد ت اذ لا ةيعارزلا مولعلل تارفلا ةلجم 4 ( 3 :) 1 11 , ( 1021 ) سابعو رصان ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ 3 ISSN 2072-3875 هذجت ن اه ق يه جت اتس جت و ( ذش هر (2 هذرج. صذ 2 اذ لاو ل (2009)El-Naggar صذفنهتجت ااذ ن ذن اه ذ ق غ جت نج جت ش تها رس Sangral ( 0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,0 و (1 هذرج.مغ 2 عاذفاست هذل ذي ه داذي ثو ذ ل جتل س فذسفجتل ش وهر جتهذيا قو اتس ذش سا جتو هذن جت صذشلوس ن جت ذ لتسوات ى ذرج و ااذ جت ذن جتو شذ اا K.P.N) و (Zn ذ تسد هذلو ل وهذجت ذش تها ةداي ق شناش ثنلات غ ي ا ت رج ةداي و يه جت س جت ه وو ا ته ت Soad لوهتتو (2010) ذنمجت ةهذ اا ن ن اه ق ا لا Helichrysum bracteatum ذش تها ذه سل ذغ جت ذنج جت Pepton 500,250,0) و 1000 ن ) هذرج.مغ 2 ذش هر وهذجت ذن اه لت ذ و ل 1000 هذرج.مغن 2 ا هرذ ت لأ ااذ تس جت تذ ش اذ . ا ه وو سا لات د قو هضمجت ع ب نج ابجت ل جت هل ي ه ةداي ىجت ىدت اافذذ جت شذذسجا هذذل ذذ جت ااذذ ظ ج اه اذذ تهشالذذا اذذهج م ذذسجت لهذذق عنمرذذس صذذث ذذشاا جت ااذذ نمرس جت ذذه تو يهذذذضمجت اذذذهات ر ت ذذذجذ ذذذق )ذذذضلل فنرم جت ااذذذاا نج ذذذيه ج اايه ذذذ ل شاوه جت اذذذه ذذذي ق ااذذذ ه ىذذذنق ذن جت ل ي ججتل شذس غ جت ل شذ اا جتلس فسفجت اذه ذشن ه جت هذيا هجت ذ ذي هجت ىذنق ذرجي ذنت ا ل شناال ذج رم لوهتتو ى ( .تن جتو يد جت لماج جتل ش غ جتل 2002, ) مجاهجتو جت دت ذ جت ت مرذ أ ذق داهر ات ىجت للات بري ش ااذ جتو ذاش جت ىذنق ش نذسجت اتهشرلذرجت ذه ذ اذهج اذ ج ذشااش اذذ اذذق ن فشجاذذ رجت ذذنشنوو ذذاش نج ذذر ن هذذشغ ل ذذ ا اذذ ةداذذق هذذرجت ذذشهش جت ذذشاا جت ااذذ نمرس جت ىذذجت ل ذذبنجتو لهلس جت( 2009 تسد هفل ) هج هجت ص و تيه أ (2002) عنمرذس ذ ذش تها ذر)ث صفنهتجت اا ن ن اه ق (م ذسجت لهذق 1.5,0 و 3 هذرج.مغ ) 2 عاذفاست هذل ذي ه ةداذي ت ذ عنمرذس جت ت ذ ذ هجاذهجت ذش هرجت لت اذ لا. ذذنهجت تذذظ لاو . ذذشوس جت اذذس جت ةداذذي ج ذذ و هذذ جت لاذذسجت هذذ وو 2004) دووت ذذجت ااذذ ن ذذن اه ذذ ق ) Dendranthema grandiflorum ش هر و م سجت لهق عنمرس 3 هذرج.مغ 2 عاذفاست هذل ذي ه داذي ثو ذ ذش هرجت ىذ قت شذ هل شوس جت ر اس هل و اا جت 4 هذرج.مغ 2 مقتهذ جت ذ د ذق هذ تو ذيه جت س ذ نج هذ و هذ ت ل ذيه جت ه اذ تذ ش و 2005) تهذش هبجت ااذ ن ذن اه ذ ق ) Gerbera jamesonii ذق عنمرذس و م ذسجت له ش هر 5 هرج.مغ 2 ذ لتسولات ى ذرج و ذشوس جت اذس جت و لتسولات د ذه ذنث ر جتو ذ جت اافي هل سجا ثو ل ذنسات اذ ه وو ساذ لات د ذق هذل داذي و شذ اا جتوس فسفجتل ش وهذر جت ذ لتسولات ى ذرج و لهذن جت صذشلوس ن جت جت ن اه (ه ت جت لا جا , ,ه جت اااا جا .) نسات ذقتس هل ى رنج ا ر اججو اا تس جت صث د و نتج تهظنو ذذغ جت نج جاذذ وهذذجت هشراذذا ذذلهه ىذذجت ذذ تس جت ذذ تل هرذذ ت ذذتلل شتشذذس رجتو ذذشجا بجت ذذرش لا ااذذ جت ت ذذ PRO.SOL هذ جتو هذضمجت ذ جت اافذي هذل نتت ر وأ دهف س اا جت ىنق م سجت لهق عنمرس و . شنتهشبجت اا ج لمعلا قئارطو داوملا : جت هل هبرجت ا فن 2010/7/1 ياغج 2011/5/30 نججت ي يامجت صاا جت ت هل ) )ذ لات صر ( ذغ جت ذنج جت ذ ذش تها ذر)ث وهجتهشرلذا ذ تس ج ل PRO.SOL ( 1,0 و 1.5 هذرج .مذغ) 2 و ذ ذش تها ذر)ر ( م ذسجت لهذق عنمرذس 1.5,0 و 3.0 هذرج. مذغ) 2 ذشنتهشبجت ااذ ن ساذ تو ذ ن هذل Pelargonium zonale مذا . ساذذشرتت 135 ( ف ذذي نرذذ, Hans Rigler هذذ ه شواذذسجت صذذتهجا هذذث ) 6 ( عاذذفاست ذذه و ههذذ,ت (15-13 مذذ ( ذه و 4-2 ذ و اتذ ذيسامل عذيت هذل ذقوس ل ذشتشت لتسوأ ) ه 20 ىذنق رجالمذ 1.5 . ذشبي ذ ها مذغ م ه عيلات بها شات ق اا شق ا تت 10-5 ذه صذشنجا ضهذغج ذسنابر س ذ ااذ شهجت تذ مذر م ذشن هذل اذشنهجت ااذ تس جا صاذمجت ا)شذنجرجت هذ رم هذل هتذسجت لاذ صذشنجا مذاو اذ ل ذشااش ش جتو ذشااي شفجت اهاافذي قتس جت / و ل جت ه ا ( و هل ش ا 1 تشذ هاو س ذ ذ مجت ااذشن ق ىذش عذيلات ىذنق تيه تو ل) دا س ايهه, ا ذت ل ش ساو (DAP)Di Ammonium Phosphate(NH4)2HPO ه 0.5 عشذيأ.مغ 2

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TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of heavy chisel plow at the end of January during agricultural season (2018) In the area of Baweizah of the district of Talkif / Ninavah province which is located north east of the city of Mosul which is far (13) Km about the city center.
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of heavy chisel plow at the end of January during agricultural season ( 2018) In the area of Baweizah of the district of Talkif / Ninavah province which is located north east of the city of Mosul Which is far (13) Km about the city center.Soil texture was silty clay by using two levels of factory of level plowing, the first level was add the tubular roller on the chisel plow and the second level was without the tubular roller from the chisel plow . also two levels of depth plow .the first was (8-10 cm) and the second was (12-14 cm) and three levels of speed included ( 2.4, 4.3 and 7.1) km/h. to study their effect in some mechanical properties , the experience was factorial with three replication . The differences have been tested by Duncan.the important results are in the following: excelled (add the tubular roller) in the following properties (,Volume of soil disturbed,depth achieved,the appearance tillage), while the level (withput roller reducer) excelled in properties (Draft force ,specific resistance), while does not appear any moral differences in the following properties (Fuel consumption).At same time excelled the speed (2.4)km/h in the following properties (Draft force, specific resistance, Depth actual of plowing), While the speed (7.1)km/h excelled in the following properties (Fuel consumption ,volume of soil disturbed, the appearance tillage). Register The interaction between the first level tillage (add the roller reducer) and the first forward speed (2.4) km/h record moral superiority in the following properties (Depth actual of plowing) while the interaction between the first level tillage and the Third forward speed (7.1) km/h record moral excelled in the properties (Volume of soil disturbed ,The appearance tillage), while the interaction between the Second level tillage (without the tubular roller) and the first forward speed (2.4)km/h moral excelled in the following properties (Draft force, specific resistance), while the interaction between the second level tillage (without the tubular roller) and the third forward speed (7.1) km/h moral excelled in the properties(Fuel consumption)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of sodium due to first order and diffusion equations, using miscible displacement at different times (10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360, 480, 600, 720 minute).
Abstract: This study included different soil locations around Mosul city representing non salt affected soils, and around Basrah city representing salt – affected soil. The aim of this study is to show the behavior of sodium due to first order and diffusion equations, using miscible displacement at different times (10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360, 480, 600, 720 minute). The results indicate that the solubility and release of sodium decreases with time, but according to kinetic concept the cumulative of sodium solubility increased in the two type of soils study. However, salt affected soils showed more solubility and release of sodium than the non-salt affected soils. While the diffusion equation gave the best description of sodium solubility depending on the coefficient determination and standard error. Selectivity coefficient of Gapon due to the chemical concept KG, thermodynamic concept KG and sposito concept KG were also examend which showed that the values KG , KG decreased with time , while KG values increased over time.

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TL;DR: A field experiment was conducted during spring and autumn growing seasons of 2009 to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth characters, yield components and quality of some sunflower genotypes.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted during spring and autumn growing seasons of 2009 to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth characters, yield components and quality of some sunflower genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.). The experiment was carried out according to the factorial experiment in a randomized completely block design, consisting of three zinc application (0, 6, 12 mg.L -1 ) and three boron application (0, 4 and 8 mg.L -1 ) with three sunflower genotypes (Myogen, Isaanka and Ginmus). The main findings could be summarized as follows:Foliar application of zinc to the leaves with concentration 12 mg.L -1 showed a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, head diameter, number of seeds head -1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield.ha -1 , oil percentage, oil, protein yield (ton. ha -1 ), However, protein percent was decreased. Addition of boron sprayed on the plant leaves with concentration 4 mg.L -1 lead to a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, head diameter, number of seeds head -1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield.ha -1 , oil percentage, oil, protein yield (ton.ha -1 ), while increasing concentration of boron to 8 mg.L -1 caused a significant increase in protein percentage in the two seasons'. Results showed that the Isaanka genotype gave a high values for characters stem diameter, leaf area, head diameter, number of seeds. head -1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield.ha -1 , oil percentage, oil, protein yield (ton.ha -1 ) in both seasons. The triple interaction among Isaanka genotype × foliar application of 12 mg Zn.L × concentration of 4 mg B.L -1 sprayed on the plant leaves, achieved the highest mean for the characteristics of: plant height, stem diameter, number of seeds head -1 , seed yield.ha -1 and oil, protein yield (ton.ha -1 ) for both seasons. In general, it could be concluded that for maximizing total seed and oil yields per unit area may be achieved by planting Isaanka genotype with adding zinc and boron to the leaves plant with concentration 12 Zn and 4 B mg.L -1 under the environmental conditions of this study.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of increasing degradable nitrogen from adding urea to the food of Awassi ewes milk yield and components was investigated and the results indicated a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weekly, monthly and commercial yield for the treatment of high degradability protein.
Abstract: This experiment conducted at 1/12/2017 to 4/3/2018 by using 30 ewes with their lambs. The weights of the ewes between (46-51) Kg and the ages between (3-5) years, to study the effect of increasing degradable Nitrogen from adding urea to the food of Awassi ewes milk yield and components. The experiment done by three levels of Nitrogen degradable (low, 0% urea) (mid, 0.75% urea), (high, 1.5 urea). and by three treatments each of them consists of 10 ewes. The results indicated a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weekly, monthly and commercial yield for the treatment of high degradable protein. For the milk components during sucking and after weaning (fat, protein, lactos, S.N.F) the results revealed non significant differences. The adding of urea to the ration of awassi ewes in creased milk production. Keyword: Fat, Protein, Lactos Received: 9/21/ 2018, Accepted: 12/2/1129 INTRODUCTION The production of milk was one of the important characteristics for lambs growth and for human needs for taking large quantities of milk. So the sheep breeders worked hard to increase the milk production (Al-Saegh and Al-Kass, 1992). The best way to increase the protein rate in the food by adding different Oil Seed meal, but they were very expensive and their quantities were very little, also they were imported. Accordingly the scientists made many experiments to provide the needs of ruminants of protein frome cheap and non protein nitrogen source, So they depended on ability of organisms in rumen of animal to make a pactirial protein specialy from urea because it was available and very cheap and it was rich in nitrogen 46% and contained protein equiv 292% (Al-Hafz, 1992). The Awassi sheep group was one of the most important kinds in lands semiarid lands of the middle east countries, and they have a good meat and milk, they can live with different environmental systems and they're resistant to diseases and dare the high temperatures, for that, they encouraged the sheep breeders on their breeding (Lafi, etal., 2009) and (FAO, 2006). The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of increasing degradable nitrogen from adding urea to the food of awassi ewes in milk yield and some components. The research is part of MS.C thesis. نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 1 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (1) 2019 37 MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was done in afield of one breeder in Tal – yara village which affiliated to Baasheka from 1/12/2017 to 14/3/2018. 30 Awassi ewes were used in this study, they were divided into three treatments, and the table (1) show percentage of components of the bush and chemical analysis Table (1) Ingredients and chemical composition of diets Treatments Item Treat. (1) 0% urea (Low D.) Treat. (2) 0.75% urea (Mid D.) Treat. (3) 1.5% urea (High D.) Barly 65% 65% 65% Wheat bran 32.25% 31.5% 30.75% Urea 0% 0.75% 1.5% Food salt (NaCl) 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% Calcium blocks (CaCo3) 1% 1% 1% Bentonite 1% 1% 1% Chemical Composition CP% 11.59 13.60 15.60 DM% 91.20 91.43 91.58 OM% 95.17 95.33 95.41 CE% 17.23 17.19 17.15 EE% 2.39 2.51 2.43 Ash% 4.36 4.42 4.33 RDP% 9.14 11.15 13.18 RUP% 2.45 2.44 2.10 D.P energy gm D.P/ M.J 8.76 10.76 12.80 * Means with different subscripts vertically differ (p≤0.05). Percent calculated for DM, OM, CP, EE and Ash laboratory as (AOAC, 2000) and it was calculated NE and D.P. energy depend on DM (AL-Khawaja, etal., 1987). Estimated the proportions of milk components by (milkana) machine. Data were analyzed by using (C.R.D) according to what was stated in (Al-Rawi and Khallafallah, 1980), and used the mathematical model Yij = μ + ti + eij Yij = Samples. μ = Samples means. ti = The effect of treatment and it means the effect of urea. eij = The random trial error value. And using the test of Duncan (Duncan, 1955), and using the analysis program (SAS, 2003). نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 1 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (1) 2019 38 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Milk production: The results indicated a significant increase (p≤0.05) in daily and weekly milk production since the fourth week till the end of experiment for the behalf of high degradable protein which compared with the behalf of mid degradable protein and the behalf of low degradable protein, as seen in table (2). Table (2) The effect of increasing degradable Nitrogen in weekly milk production (gm)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory study was conducted to determine desorption behavior of Ca +2 and Mg +2 from of solid phase and dissolution of their holding minerals by using quiet water flow of different ionic strength and SAR constructed by miscible displacement technique via two Aridisols disturbed soil columns sampled from Fadhlia and Hamdania locations in Nineveh province northern of Iraq for 10 irrigation cycles elongated for 240 minute.
Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted to determine desorption behavior of Ca +2 and Mg +2 from of solid phase and dissolution of their holding minerals by using quiet water flow of different ionic strength and SAR constructed by miscible displacement technique via two Aridisols disturbed soil columns sampled from Fadhlia and Hamdania locations in Nineveh province northern of Iraq for 10 irrigation cycles elongated for 240 minute, and also to determine Ca +2 &Mg +2 and desorption coefficient rates at 298 ̊ Kelvin. Results referred two desorption process pathways. First denoted to contributing of exchangeable phase in desorption process and enrichment of soil solution with a highly desorption rate. Second stage denotes to dissolution of minerals holding Ca +2 &Mg +2 which supply soil solution for long period by water ionic strength action in presence of in common ion. Parabolic diffusion and power function models appeared high significant of desorption process. Water of high ionic strength 11.2×10 -5 mole.L -1 gave highest desorption capacity 456.4 c.mole.kg -1 in comparison with that of low ionic strength 1.12×10 -5 mole.L -1 24.9 c.mole.kg -1 . Highest desorption coefficient rate 35.51 mg. kg -1 .mint -1⁄2 in Fadhlia location for water of high ionic strength while it reduced to 2.225 mg. kg -1 .mint -1⁄2 for low water ionic strength. Desorption coefficient rate in Fadhlia was higher than that in Hamdania location due to difference of waters ionic strength.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicated that the use of garlimmune had a good effect on egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell thickness, eggshell weight and eggshell strength, but there is on-significant difference in total lipid among the treatments.
Abstract: The adding garlimmune in broiler breeder drinking water were tested experimentally for evaluation of its effect on egg production, external and internal traits of egg and hatchability at the different time of laying(T1: 8:30 AM, T2: 10:30 AM, T3: 1:30 PM and T4: 8:30 AM1:30 PM). The results indicated that the use of garlimmune had a good effect on egg production (HD %), egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell thickness (mm), eggshell weight (g) and eggshell strength (kg/cm), total protein, PUFA, HDL in egg, hatchability and set eggs (%), hatched chicks weight (g) and post hatch antibody titer against ND, IBD and IB by ELISA. However, MUFA, LDL, atherogenic index, hatch window (h), embryonic mortality (1-21day) and culled chicks were significantly (p≤0.05) decreased in garlimmune treatment compared with the control at different laying time, but there is on-significant difference in total lipid among the treatments. Noticed the time laying 10:30 AM in the both groups was more effectiveness in all parameters of the study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ewes with twin lambs regardless if it was heavy or light will have more milk yield, and single lambs born and reared by heavy ewes were became heavier at the end of lactation period (at weaning).
Abstract: In the current study, 28 Awassi ewes (2-3 aged) years aged were used with their lambs for 12 weeks, to evaluate the effect of ewes body weight (BW) and Litter size (LS) on Body weight BW, Body gain (BG) of lambs, Milk yield (MY) and milk components of ewes. After lambing, ewes were weighted directly. Ewes distributed to 4 groups depending on it's body weight, the groups were: 1 st and 2 nd groups: ewes with high body weight and single lambing (HS), and twin lambing (HT) respectively, 3 rd and 4 th groups: ewes with low body weight and single lambing LS, and twin lambing LT respectively. The results showed a significant increase (p≤0.05) in BW and BG in HS lambs groups compared with LT lambs most weeks of study. MY was higher significantly (p≤0.05) in Heavy ewes group that have twin lambs at most weeks of study, milk fat% recorded a significant increase in milk fat% in Heavy ewes group with single lamb. In conclusion, single lambs born and reared by heavy ewes were became heavier at the end of lactation period (at weaning), also ewes with twin lambs regardless if it was heavy or light will have more milk yield.

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TL;DR: In this paper, an experiment was conducted in an unheated plastic house in Horticulture and Landscape design Department, college of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University during the winter season of the year 2013-2014 to investigate the possibility of lettuce crop production under protected condition.
Abstract: This experiment was conducted in an unheated plastic house in Horticulture and Landscape design Department, college of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University during the winter season of the year 2013-2014 to investigate the possibility of lettuce crop production under protected condition during the winter season, which cannot be grown in the field at this time in Mosul City. Two lettuce cultivars were used Binco and Paris Island, the seeds were planted in 5/9 and transplanted inside the unheated plastic house in 5/11 at two agricultural distances: 30 and 40 cm and plants were fertilized with two organic fertilizers: Pow hums and Humistar which were applied to the soil as a solution at a rate of 3 gm.l for the two organic fertilizers, the control treatment was fertilized with a chemical fertilizer at the recommended rates. An RCBD factorial experiment with 12 treatments (2 x 2 x 3) were used. Results showed that there were no significant differences between the two varieties in most vegetative growth and yield traits while there were a significant superiority of the 40 cm distance on the 30 cm distance in head circumference, leaf area, stem weight and mean marketable head weight while there were a significant superiority of the treatment of 30 cm planting distance in terms of marketable and total yield. It is worth to note that there were no significant differences between the organic fertilization treatments with the normal chemical fertilized plants in terms of vegetative and yield in all vegetative traits mentioned traits expect the mean stem weight.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was no significant effect of seed sizes in most studied traits; the pod length, 100 seeds weight and seeds yield were surpassed at depth (15 cm), and the second order interactions showed significant differences between most studied characters.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out at two sites (Erbil and Mosul) in winter season 2017-2018, to study the effect of three different seed size (small, medium and large) of local broad bean planted in three sowing depths (5, 10 and 15 cm) using three levels of phosphate fertilizer (zero, 75 and 150 kg P2O5. ha) in yield and yield components. The experiment executed according to the (R.C.B.D) design and Duncan Multiple range used to compare between treatment means. The results showed that there was no significant effect of seed sizes in most studied traits; The pod length, 100 seeds weight and seeds yield were surpassed at depth (15 cm) at both sites. The number of pods / plant, 100 seeds weight, seeds yield, and biological yield increased significantly at the second and third fertilization levels at both sites. Pod length, number of seeds / pod and harvest index have exceeded significantly in the second level of fertilization at both sites. The second order interactions showed significant differences between most studied characters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results showed a significant improvement (P< 0.05) for soakedwater barley (SWB) treatments 10% and 20% on weight gain g/ bird (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and eggs production %, and a positive improvement for FCR and egg production% for third four weeks of production.
Abstract: The study was carried out in the Poultry farms/ Nineveh Research Department, by using 756 unsexing quail birds two weeks aged, distributed into nine experimental treatments with 3 replicates per treatment, each contained 28 birds, primary live weight 63.8 g, birds was fed on growth and production diets depending on growth stage. Results showed a significant improvement (P< 0.05) for soakedwater barley (SWB) treatments 10% and 20% on weight gain g/ bird (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), FCR g food/g egg, egg production% for first four weeks of production, hatching% from total eggs for the first four, second and third weeks of production. Mathematic difference showed for the rest of the traits. The levels of Faba Bean (FB) FB minor 10% and 20% had a negative and significant effect (P < 0,05) on the WG and FCR at 3-5 weeks age, FCR for the first four weeks of production and eggs production %, a positive improvement (P < 0.05) for FCR and egg production% for third four weeks of production.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the major nutrients in local flaxseeds, the amino acids content, the fatty acids content of extracted oil, and to investigate the effects of 5%seeds flour replacement and addition of microbial transglutaminase on some properties of dough and loaf bread.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the major nutrients in local flaxseeds, the amino acids content, the fatty acids content of extracted oil, and to investigate the effects of 5%seeds flour replacement and addition of microbial transglutaminase on some properties of dough and loaf bread. Results showed that these seeds contained 4.93, 22.28, 36.03, 31.03, 18.03, 3.63and 1.08% (w\\w) of moisture, protein, fat, total carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash and reducing sugars respectively with 1.83mg \\100 gm sample of Vitamin C. Results of amino acids analysis indicated aspartic acid, glutamic acid , arginine as non –essential and tryptophan and phenylalanine as essential amino acids to be the main components of seeds protein , they represent 4.522, 3.486, 1.88 and 2.414, 0.695 gm /100gm sample respectively. The analysis of fatty acids content, showed twenty nine fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids spatially α-linolenic and oleic acids, were predominant, they comprise 24.94 and 22.79 g/100g of the total FA respectively, while palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid found in seeds and comprised 13.60% of total lipid. The minerals, calcium, manganese, potassium and iron, were present in high concentrations. Results indicated that the replacement of wheat flour by 5% ground flaxseed decreased wet gluten, tolerance index, loaf specific volume and increased dough water absorption, stability and fermentation gassing power. Sensory evaluation showed that the incorporation of these seeds flour had a slightly unfavorable effect on bread sensory properties but ensured satisfactory consumer acceptability. Addition 2 units \\ g protein of microbial transglutaminase caused increasing in wet gluten, gassing power of fermented dough, loaf specific volume and all sensory attributes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was found that thermal manipulation did not affect the hatchability percentage of total and fertile set eggs, normal bird’s percentage, and chicks’ quality, which confirms the acquisition of thermo tolerance in thermally manipulated groups.
Abstract: The study was conducted in Hatchery -private sectorin Qushtapa, Erbil, from 24-5-2016 to 14-6-2016. The hatched chicks were reared from(14/6/2016 to 26/7/2016) in one of the halls of Department of Animal Production in College of Agriculture/ Salahadding University-Erbil within total 63 days. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thermal manipulation (TM) during different embryogenesis stages of broiler breeder eggs as at embryonic days (ED): T2 (1-5), T3 (19-21) and T1 was control (no TM) on hatching results and subsequent chick characteristics and broiler productive performance of thermally conditioned chicks (exposed to 38.0 ± 2 °C for 12 hours/day) at 21 day of age. One thousand eight hundred (1800) Ross-308 eggs from twenty seventh weeks old imported were used. Eggs were randomly divided into three treatments with four replicates per each treatment (600 eggs/ treatment). Two identical incubators were used. In the first incubator all eggs were incubated at 37.7 oC and 60-65% relative humidity (RH). The eggs thermally treated were transferred into the second incubator and was kept at 38.2 ̊C and 60-65% RH. After four (4) hours (hrs.) of thermal treating, the eggs were returned to the first incubator, immediately. It was found that thermal manipulation did not affect the hatchability percentage of total and fertile set eggs, normal bird’s percentage, and chicks’ quality. Post-hatching, 270 day-old chicks were randomly assigned according to treatment groups within hatching process. Chicks were distributed into three treatments with three replicates-groups-, with thirty chicks per each replicate. All treatment groups were subjected to thermal conditioning of 38 ±2 °C for 12 hrs. /day for a week, from day 21post-hatching. After exposure body temperature of birds were measured. Live body weight, bodyweight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality were recorded on weekly basis. Production index, dressing percentage and carcass cuts percentages were measured at 35 and 42 days of age of broiler chicks. The overall data showed the following results: 1T2 showed significantly (p≤0.05) higher relative growth than control group and T3. 2T3 and control group showed significantly higher feed conversion ratio than T2, so T2 had a better cumulative ratio. 3T2 and T3 showed significantly (p≤0.05) lower rectal temperature than control group. 4T2 had the higher production index than T3 and control group at marketing age of 35 days. نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 150 5Control group showed significantly lowest cumulative mortality percentage than T2. In the embryogenesisdevelopment, the incubation temperature is increased by 0.5°C for 4 hrs. This thermal treatment of the body temperature leads to decrease of the chicks’ temperature at day 42, as compared with the control group. As a result it confirms the acquisition of thermo tolerance in thermally manipulated groups. Key-Words: Epigenetic adaption, Thermal manipulation, Early age heat conditioning, Performance, Thermo-tolerance. Received: 8/11/2018, Accepted: 16/5/2019 INTRODUCTION Poultry meat consumption is expected to be raised by 60% over the next 20 years and will be the most important meat category worldwide by 2030FAO (2010) Genetic selection strategies which has significantly Improved growth of meattype broiler chickens during recent decades, but lack of a parallel development of the visceral systems causes significant difficulties for broiler chickens in coping with high temperature challenges, due to the large body mass and high rate of metabolism associated with rapid growth Cangar,A.Z.et al., (2008).Thermotolerance can be defined as the ability of organisms to survive and overcome lethal thermal stress from a previous heat exposure Moseley,P.L.(1997). For Increasing the thermo-tolerance capacity of the birds and also inhibition of economic losses as a result of heat stress, the adaptation to ambient conditions depends on a mechanism called epigenetic adaptation when chicken can be better conditioned to thermal stress tolerance during the pre-hatching and early posthatching period through epigenetic mechanism by exploiting the immaturity of temperature regulation in embryos and early post-hatch birds by thermal conditioning at critical developmental phases Yahav,S.andJ. P.Mcmurtry(2001)and these methods have provided some suitable results for broiler industry Nickelmann, M. and B. Tzschentke(2002). Under these conditions there is a period when the thermo-tolerance can be enhanced by thermal conditioning, without impairing the performance Yahav,S.andS.Hurwitz(1996). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chicks of this experiment were exposed to thermal manipulation by increasing 0.5 ̊C from standard temperature for four hours daily during embryogenesis in early and late embryonic stages, the heat exposing on treatments were as follow: Heat exposing treatment started from ED (1-5) incubation periods and ED (19-21) of hatching period, respectively. While, T3: Control: no TM= exposed to standard conditions (37.7 °C and 65-70% RH) in incubator and (37.3, 37.1 and 37.0 °C during days 19th, 20th and 21st of hatching, respectively with 75-80% RH) in hatchery.Two hundred seventy (270) a day-old hatched chicks (Ross-308) reared in poultry research hall of Grdarasha farm/ Animal Resources Department/ College of Agriculture/ Salahaddin University from 14/6/2016 to 26/7/2016. The house was divided into 9 floor cages (2*1.7) m2. The chicks of both treatments and control groups were randomly divided into 3 replicates / group, three cages for each نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 151 treatment. The chicks were reared at standard environment temperature till 21 day old, all chicks were exposed to heat conditioning of (38±2°C) from 21 days old for 12 hours/day for one week till 28 days old, after that the birds exposed to elevated temperature 26±2°C till marketing age. A constant photoperiod of 23L: 1D hours during period was provided. Feed and water were provided ad libitum along the experiment period. Birds were fed three rations; starter from (1-22) days, grower from (23-36) days and finisher from (36-42) days. The analyzed metabolic energy (ME kcal) and crude protein (CP %) for starter, grower and finisher was (2925 kcal, 22-23%),(3040 kcal, 20-21%) and (3100 kcal, 18-19%) respectively. Vaccination program used during the experiment was according to Intervet ScheringPlough Animal Health. The experiments were executed as a complete randomized design (CRD), all data analyzed using the SAS,Statisticalanalysissystem(2001). Duncan`s multiple range tests were used to compare differences among treatment means Duncan, D. B. (1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table (1) shows that T1 had significantly (P≤0.05) higher relative growth compared to T2 and control group. While T2 showed significantly (P≤0.05) lower relative growth than other thermally manipulated groups and the control group. According to Willemsen,H.;et al.,(2008) development during the first week of life of a chick was important to their future performance. Physiological processes such as cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, maturation of the thermoregulatory and immunological systems, growth and differentiation of the gastrointestinal tract will subsequently markedly influence BW until market age. Table (2) shows that there were no significant differences in live body weight (BW) at day 35 and 42 of age. The non-significant differences in BW at 6th week were due to the changes of kinetics of satellite cell prolification which improved numerically BW at slaughter age. Further, in embryos as well as chicks of meattype poultry mild heat exposure if applied during developmental ‘Critical periods’ environmental influences can change the programming of respective body Functions Tzschentke,B.and A.Plagemann(2006). Accumulative BWG (1-35d) was noted that T1 was significantly (P≤0.05) lower than control group. The difference in weight gain among treated groups may be due to different environmental Conditions in the hatcher, chicks hatching at different moments within the hatch window are subjected to Different conditions for a variable length of time, which may lead to different chick physiology at hatch and at the typical moment of chick collection and also to different growth post-hatch Van deVen, L. (2012). Also the reduction in weight gain during and immediately after conditions to high temperatures may be due to that the chicken directs the energy used for its growth to maintain body temperature within normal range with minimal response to heat stress and ensuring the organic function of tissues within physiological Limits Lin,H.;et al.,(2006). As well as, high rearing temperature decrease in weight gain may due to that heat stress Increase serum corticosterone level (which stimulate much higher muscle breakdown, that contributed to the lower BWG observed in birds kept in heat stress than those in a thermoneutral نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 152 environment Quinteiro-Filho,W.M.;et al.,(2010). In poultry it is believed that less weight gain in the heat stressed groups due to reduction in intestinal absorption efficiency was partly explained by decreased metabolic utilization of nutrients,Increased heat production, reduced protein retention, and enhanced lipid deposition Baziz,A.H.;et al.,(1996). Accumulative FI (1-35d) and (1-42d), T1 consumed significantly (P≤0.05) less feed than other treatment groups (Table 2). The most influential factors affecting feed consumption of chicks have been suggested to be related to the incubatio

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TL;DR: In this article, the Duncan test with experimental design (RCBD) was used to show the significance of the differences between the average transactions and showed a significant effect of the age of the tires in all the studied traits except for the description of the apparent density.
Abstract: The research included a standard study of the age of the which tires are (80%) and (50%) of standard condition and the inflation of the rear tire of the boat are (32) psi and (27) psi and the affect in both of the following properties(draft force, loss power to slippage, fuel consumption, effective field capacity, energy utilization efficiency, volume of soil disturbed, soil penetration resistance, dry bulk density) The experiment was carried out in a global experiment by using the Duncan test with experimental design (RCBD) was used to show the significance of the differences between the average transactions. The result showed a significant effect of the age of the tires in all the studied traits except for the description of the apparent density and showed a significant effect of the pressure factor of the tire bulge in all studied traits except of effective field capacity, volume of soil disturbed, dry bulk density. All the studied traits were significantly affected by the dual interference between the age of tires and pressure of bulge except for the dry bulk density which did not affect significantly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the results showed a significant increase in final weight, total gain, daily gain, body length, chest girth, fore thickness, lymphocyte% and monocyte% in treated groups with iron and vitamin B12 compared with control group.
Abstract: The current study was conducted on 15 Awassi lambs with an average weight 11.24±0.06kg (1 month aged), Lambs were randomly divided into three groups, (5 lambs/group)1 st group: control, 2 nd group injected subcutaneously once every ten days with Iron and Vitamin B12 (4.54 mg/kg body weight and 4.54 μg/kg body weight ) 3 rd group: lambs were injected subcutaneously with Iron and vitamin B12 (9.09 mg /kg body weight and 9.09 μg/kg body weight ) respectively. Results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in final weight, total gain, daily gain, body length, chest girth, fore thickness, lymphocyte% and monocyte% in treated groups with Iron and vitamin B12 compared with control group. Also results shows a significant increase (P≤0.05) in 2 nd group lambs in fore height, rear height and rear thick. While there are a significant decrease in treated groups in neutrophils % and stress indices. In conclusion, iron and vitamin B12 injection improved body measurements and weights body immunity in Awassi lambs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Nayanathara et al. investigated the use of eggplant and cabbage residues in the extraction of natural pigments and study the determination of some phytochemicals and The alternatives to industrial pigments in the coloring of industrial drink.
Abstract: This study included the using of eggplant and cabbage residues in the extraction of natural pigments and study the determination of some phytochemicals and The alternatives to industrial pigments in the coloring of industrial drink. The pigments were extracted using distilled water and both (ethanol–methanol) acidified by 1% and 2% citric acid, the total phenolic content was estimated in these extracts. The result recorded highest content of phenolics 83.6 mg /100g in methanol acidified extract for eggplant peels, while the highest content of distilled water extract was 147.5 mg/100g for cabbage leaves. The content of anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenes and tannins for eggplant and cabbage leaves, (51.1,134.0) mg/100g, (0.1,0.2) mg/100g,(15, 25)%,(0.008,0.099) mg/100 g was respectively. The concentration of apignen, kampherol, qurcetein and gallic acid recorded (67.85,221.69),(73.70, 172.00),(68.3,371.50),(62.5,238.10)ppm for eggplant and cabbage leaves respectively. The results of the sensory evaluation confirmed the success of the natural pigments derived from both sources in the production of concentrated industrial drink. Key word: Eggplant , Cabbage , Dyes , phytochemicals , sherbet Received:28/4/2019, Accepted:10/10/2019 INTRODUCTION Eggplant fruits (Solanum melongena) have important medicinal properties because contain many phytochemicals which have been shown to be effective as anti-cancer, Can be gives the body an important source of antioxidants that work to curb the free radicals, Eggplant is used in many foods and is classified among the top ten vegetables in their antioxidant capacity (Nayanathara et al., 2016). Antioxidant activities and phytochemicals such as phenolic substances are found in all eggplant fruit and in the first degree at its peels. Flavonoids are the most important of phenolic substances and the most prominent of these dyes are anthocyanins, which are the most common and important color materials in fruits and vegetables. They are responsible for bright orange red colors to dark purple (Giusti and Wrolstad ,2003). And what is said about what is recognized of the fruit of eggplant and its peels could be applied to cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea), specially the colored cabbage and the red cabbage, which a great proportion of them is neglected when preparing for sale or manufacturing, it also contains flavonoids, which give their importance in the field of nutrition and food processing, The extraction of natural pigments from eggplant, red cabbage and all fruits and their manufacturing wastes نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 129 and their use in the coloring of food products is a recent and promising trend to reduce the use of industrial dyes which are harmful to human health in terms of its responsibility for allergic reactions and possible carcinogenic effects, Natural dyes and colors have become very popular and preferable among consumers, in addition to the tendency of legislation and dietary laws to stay away from what is dangerous and doubtful for its safety (Rymbai et al.,2011). Studies and researches were expanded about the use of natural colors to reach the types that meet goals required from adding colors to foods. These goals are coloring of non-colored foods, to give them attraction or to improve their color to better or compensation for food color affected by processing, Natural colors and pigments are usually used in baby food products, ice cream and sherbets (Machewad et al.,2012). The objective of this research is to estimate some of phytochemicals content in eggplant peels and cabbage leaves extracts and coloring of sherbet by dyes present in the two studied fruit extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials and samples preparation: Locally grown varieties of eggplant and colored cabbage samples were collected from Tikrit market, sugar, citric acid and flavors (Turkey), ethanol and methanol (India). Samples were prepared by cleaning the eggplant peel and cabbage leaves well. Eggplant were peeled with a sharp knife to get the peels without the core. The eggplant peels and cabbage leaves were cut into very small pieces and put in a ventilated oven at 50 °C until completely dried, then grinded well to be explorative for the extraction process. Preparation of extracts: For ethanol and methanol solvents extraction, acidulated with citric acid, were used by 1% and 2% each, in addition to the use of distilled water on room temperature. The dyes of dried and powdered peels of eggplant and leaves of cabbage were extracted according to (ELMasry et al.2013): 1. 100 g of dry powder of eggplant peels or cabbage leaves were mixed with 200 ml of each of the solvents used above using the magnetic mixer in a 500 ml flask for one hour and then left in the refrigerator overnight. 2. The mixtures were filtered using a mulch cloth and then Wattman No.2 filter paper was used to obtain the extract. 3. The extract was divided into two parts, one of them was kept in liquid form for estimation of total phenolic materials and the second which was extracted from distilled water extraction was dried at a temperature of 50 °C to be used later in sherbet making. Determination of total phenolic materials Total phenols were estimated in the studied samples using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method (Sadasivam and Manickam., 2008). Determination of total anthocyanins نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 130 The total anthocyanin contents were determined spectrally according to the method described by Du and Francis (1973) at a wavelength of 535 nm and then using the following equation: Determination of flavonoids Flavonoids were estimated according to the method used by Boham and Kocipai (1994) by extracting 10 g of the sample with methanol (80%). The solution was then filtered with filtration paper and transferred to a known weight container and evaporatied on a water bath, Flavonoids percentage was calculated according to the remaining residue. Determination of carotenoids Carotenoids were estimated using Goodwin (1976) and the following equation was used for their calculation Where: X = the amount of carotene mg/100 ml solution, E = reading the device at a wavelength of 480 nanometer, Y = size of final solution after acetone drying, e = Specific Extinction Coefficient of total carotenoids equals 2300. Determination of Tannins The tannins were estimated by El Kar et al (2013) by putting the sample in a test tube with 2 ml of vanillin (1% in 7M of H2SO4) in an ice bath and then incubated at 25 °C for a quarter of an hour and then reading absorption at a wavelength of 500 nanometer, Catechin was used to find the standard curve. Extraction of phenolic compound by HPLC The method mentioned by Seal (2016) and Mradu et al.(2012) was used to extract phenolic compound. One gram of each coarsely powdered peels or leaves was extracted using 5 ml chloroform with constant stirring for 24 hours at the ambient temperature. The extract so prepared was filtered and the plant residue so left was macerated with the same volume of fresh solvent, stirred and filtered. The process was repeated twice and the extracts were combined. The extracts were finally filtered through 0.45μm PVDF membrane and the volume was made up to 10 ml using the same solvent & stored. The same processes were followed for the preparation of sample extract in methanol, 80% aq. ethanol and 1% aq. acetic acid solution. Condition analysis :  Mobile phase : ( A : B ) A = ( Methanol : distilled water : acetic acid ) ( 85 : 13 : 2 ) B = ( Methanol : distilled water : acetic acid ) ( 25 : 70 : 5 )  Column : C18 – ODS ( 25cm x 4.6 mm x 5μm )  Detector : UV360 nm  Flow Rate : 0.8 ml / min Making of Industrial concentrated Sherbets Concentrated sherbet was produce by according to method of Halaboo et al. (1995) by mixing the sugar in a vessel using hot pure water (65 C°) to prepare a نــيدـفارــلا ةـــعارز ةـــلـجـم ( دلجملا 47 ( ددعلا ) 2 ) 2019 ISSN: 2224 9796 (Online) ISSN: 1815 316 X (Print) Mesopotamia J. of Agric. Vol. (47) No. (2) 2019 131 65% sugar solution 5 g of citric acid per liter of syrup and 1.5 g/L of the studied dye were added and mixed them with a part of the syrup and dissolved them well then filtered what may be precipitated syrup must be refrigerated, then 3 ml of flavors was added, filled in the pre-sterilized bottles with their covers and kept in the fridge until evaluation. Sensory Evaluation of Concentrated Industrial sherbets The industrial sherbet produced from the extract of eggplant peels and cabbage leaves, was diluted with rate of 10%, and compared with apple and pomegranate juice respectively, using the 9-degree Hedonic scale As follows: (1: Very unacceptable, 2: Extremely unacceptable, 3: Not moderately acceptable, 4: Not acceptable, 5: Average, 6: Fairly acceptable, 7: Moderately acceptable, 8: Highly acceptable, 9: Very acceptable) (Meilgaard et al. 1999). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Total phenolic materials Table (1) shows the content of total phenolic materials in eggplant peels and cabbage leaves, It is noted that the highest content in eggplant peels when using methanol 1% as extraction medium its value, was 83.6 mg / 100g while their values were (49.7, 43.6, 12.7, 10.5) mg/100g for the extraction media of distilled water, methanol 2%, ethanol 1% and ethanol 2%, respectively. These results confirm the findings of many researchers about the importance of studying methods of extraction of phenolic materials from fruits, Todaro et al. (2009) showed that phenolic content of the fresh eggplant peels extracted using acidulated ethanol was 88.73 mg/100g while Nisha et al. (2009) reported that the use of methanol gave a value of 49 mg / 100 g, and when using ethanol 70% Eun-j