Journal•ISSN: 0306-3453
Metal science
Taylor & Francis
About: Metal science is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Creep & Austenite. It has an ISSN identifier of 0306-3453. Over the lifetime, 934 publications have been published receiving 27629 citations.
Topics: Creep, Austenite, Grain boundary, Alloy, Recrystallization (metallurgy)
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TL;DR: In this paper, the first and second-order free-energy interaction coefficients of solute elements in liquid dilute iron as the solvent have been collected and collated, and the results have been expressed in terms of the first-and secondorder free energy interaction coefficients.
Abstract: Data in the literature on the thermodynamic behaviour of solute elements in liquid dilute iron as the solvent have been collected and collated. The results have been expressed in terms of the first- and second-order free-energy interaction coefficients. Those based on composition in wt.-%, ei j and ri j are tabulated and the source materials are referenced. The thermodynamic properties of many alloying elements at infinite dilution in liquid iron are also tabulated.
651 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of microstructure during rolling is predicted as a function of the temperatures, pass reductions, speeds, and times in rolling schedules, and it is shown that uncertainties in the basic data do not seriously affect the predictions whereas modifying the rolling schedules leads to major differences in the asrolled microstructures.
Abstract: The background physical metallurgy and the data available on recrystallization and grain growth after hot deformation of low-carbon manganese steel are briefly reviewed. The derived structural relationships are then used in a computing procedure which enables the evolution of microstructure during rolling to be predicted as a function of the temperatures, pass reductions, speeds, and times in rolling schedules. Plate rolling is considered as a specific example and it is shown that uncertainties in the basic data do not seriously affect the predictions whereas modifying the rolling schedules leads to major differences in the asrolled microstructures. In particular, there are critical regions in the rolling schedule when recrystallization times are of the order of the interpass times. Where comparisons can be made, the predictions are in agreement with practical observations.
559 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a quantitative relationship between the composition and some important mechanical properties of silicon containing steels, which can be transformed isothermally to an aggregate of bainitic ferrite and carbon enriched retained austenite only, has been developed.
Abstract: Recent work on the mechanism of the bainite transformation has shown that the extent of transformation to bainitic ferrite, and the carbon content of the remaining austenite, can be estimated thermodynamically. This paper is concerned with the application of this recent work to the development of a quantitative relationship between the composition and some important mechanical properties of silicon containing steels, which can be transformed isothermally to an aggregate of bainitic ferrite and carbon enriched retained austenite only. It is demonstrated that the method has predictive capabilities, and forms the basis of further work (Part 2 of this study) on the theoretical design, optimization, and testing of two promising steel compositions.
451 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the growth of grain-boundary cavities by power-law creep, under multi-axial stress states, is estimated by approximating the growth time to fracture at constant stress by t f =t n+ɑ/n+1)ess1n(1/(n+ 1)f i ) where t n is the nucleation time (the time at which the voids first appear), ess is the steady-state creep rate, n the creep exponent and f i is the original area fraction of cavities.
Abstract: Approximate methods are used to calculate the growth of grain-boundary cavities by power-law creep, under multi axial stress states. The time to fracture at constant stress is given by t f =t n+ɑ/n+1)ess1n(1/(n+1)f i )where t n is the nucleation time (the time at which the voids first appear), ess is the steady-state creep rate, n is the creep exponent and f i is the original area fraction of cavities. The quantity α is defined by:ɑ=1/sinh-{2(n-½)/(n½)P/σe}where p is the hydrostatic pressure and σe the von Mises equivalent stress. Differential equations are given which allow the times and the strains to failure under variable loading histories to be calculated.
391 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors make clear two types of role of applied stress and plastic strain on the martensitic transformation, and they suggest that the deformation-induced martinsitic transformation can be understood only in terms of the effect of applied stresses rather than the effect on strain.
Abstract: The martensitic transformation is induced by deformation in metastable austenitic steels. This is called the deformation-induced martensitic transformation. In order to understand the general nature of deformation-induced martensitic transformation, it is necessary to make clear two types of role of applied stress and plastic strain on the martensitic transformation. Since the martensitic transformation is achieved by the cooperative shear movement of atoms, it is readily seen that the applied stress aids the transformation. However, some questions still remain as to how the applied stress aids the transformation. Also, the role of plastic strain on the martensitic transformation is much more complicated. The author suggests that the deformation-induced martensitic transformation can be understood only in terms of the effect of applied stress rather than the effect of strain. A remarkable increase in elongation is obtained when martensites are formed during deformation. This phenomenon is called t...
348 citations