Journal•ISSN: 1092-6488
Metaphor and Symbol
Routledge
About: Metaphor and Symbol is an academic journal published by Routledge. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Metaphor & Literal and figurative language. It has an ISSN identifier of 1092-6488. Over the lifetime, 697 publications have been published receiving 21700 citations.
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TL;DR: The authors presented an explicit method that can be reliably employed to identify metaphorically used words in discourse and provided metaphor scholars with a tool that may be flexibly applied to many research contexts.
Abstract: This article presents an explicit method that can be reliably employed to identify metaphorically used words in discourse. Our aim is to provide metaphor scholars with a tool that may be flexibly applied to many research contexts. We present the "metaphor identification procedure" (MIP), followed by an example of how the procedure can be applied to identifying metaphorically used words in 1 text. We then suggest a format for reporting the results of MIP, and present the data from our case study describing the empirical reliability of the procedure, discuss several complications associated with using the procedure in practice, and then briefly compare MIP to other proposals on metaphor identification. The final section of the paper suggests ways that MIP may be employed in disciplinary and interdisciplinary studies of metaphor.
1,232 citations
TL;DR: More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor as mentioned in this paper is a field guide to poetry and its application in the field of metaphorical activity, which is also related to our work.
Abstract: (1990). More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 251-254.
666 citations
TL;DR: The authors showed that most deliberate metaphor is processed metaphorically (by comparison), as opposed to most non-deliberate metaphor, which may be assumed to be typically not processed metaphorally (that is, by categorization).
Abstract: Current research findings on metaphor in language and thought may be interpreted as producing a paradox of metaphor; that is, most metaphor is not processed metaphorically by a cross-domain mapping involving some form of comparison. This paradox can be resolved by attending to one crucial aspect of metaphor in communication: the question whether metaphor is used as deliberately metaphorical or not. It is likely that most deliberate metaphor is processed metaphorically (by comparison), as opposed to most nondeliberate metaphor, which may be assumed to be typically not processed metaphorically (that is, by categorization). This resolves the paradox of metaphor because it suggests that all “metaphor in communication” (all deliberate metaphor) is processed metaphorically. Detailed comments are offered on the notion of metaphor deliberateness and on the nature of a three-dimensional model of metaphor in discourse involving metaphor in language, thought, and communication.
383 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the findings of a single study examining irony in talk among friends, which revealed varying linguistic and social patterns and suggested several constraints on how and why people achieve ironic meaning.
Abstract: This article reports the findings of a single study examining irony in talk among friends. Sixty-two 10-min conversations between college students and their friends were recorded and analyzed. Five main types of irony were found: jocularity, sarcasm, hyperbole, rhetorical questions, and understatements. These different forms of ironic language were part of 8% of all conversational turns. Analysis of these utterances revealed varying linguistic and social patterns and suggested several constraints on how and why people achieve ironic meaning. The implications of this conclusion for psychological theories of irony are discussed.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, structural aspects of source domains in metaphorical mappings with regard to their manifestation in public discourse data are investigated, where the authors analyze the organization of source concepts into mininarratives or "scenarios" that dominate the discourse manifestations of the source domains.
Abstract: This article investigates structural aspects of source domains in metaphorical mappings with regard to their manifestation in public discourse data. Specifically, it analyses the organization of source concepts into mininarratives or "scenarios" that dominate the discourse manifestations of source domains. The material consists of examples from a bilingual corpus of British and German public debates about the &European Union.& The data show that while the two national samples share some basic mappings between the source and target domains, they each are characterised further by specific scenarios that provide focal points for conceptualizing the target topic. The scenarios can also be shown to carry evaluative and attitudinal biases that are related to particular political dispositions and preferences of the respective national discourse communities. In conclusion, it will be argued that the analysis of scenarios is a necessary complement to the study of source domains and of domain-mappings in metaphoric...
352 citations