Showing papers in "Methods in 1996"

TL;DR: The aRNA amplification may prove a valuable method for providing information on cell-specific gene expression in a variety of studies, and may be used in conjunction with other techniques.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a spatiotemporal four-dimensional analysis of antigen-antibody complementarity, which can be used to predict the location of antigenic sites in proteins.

TL;DR: The relative binding pattern for 30 monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 p24 core protein has been analyzed and functional domains of proteins in relation to an epitope map have been identified for Taq polymerase.

TL;DR: The induction of iNOS was detected at different levels of expression and was compared to functional activity of NOS measured as enzyme activity and nitrite/nitrate production, two stable end products of the NO pathway.

TL;DR: The importance of the DTH response against the virus in the pathogenesis of the disease is supported by the prevalent role of TH1 T-helper cells, known to be responsible for DTH responses, in inflamed CNS tissues.

TL;DR: The survey of analyses of GFAP transcription elements in transgenic mice reveals that a segment of about 2 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the gene is sufficient to direct reporter gene activity to astrocytes with high specificity, and supports a response to brain injury by upregulation of the activity.

TL;DR: This review discusses the methods used in, and the results of, studies on four different protein antigen systems, using computer analyses and molecular modeling in an attempt to better understand the structural and energetic mechanisms underlying the effects observed following mutagenesis.

TL;DR: The notion that NO is involved in the pathophysiology of arthritis, but caution that this involvement may be complex, is encouraged.

TL;DR: An assay to measure calcineurin phosphatase activity in crude cell extracts is developed and it is shown that incubation of intact cells with nanomolar concentrations of either CsA or FK506 results in potent inhibition of calcineURin activity in a variety of cell lines.

TL;DR: Studies in experimental animals and in cancer patients indicate that systemic adoptive immunotherapy with A-NK cells and IL-2 is a tolerable and promising treatment for advanced solid tissue as well as hematologic neoplasms.

TL;DR: In this review, the structure of the NADPH oxidase is described and many of the commonly used methods to detect its activation during the respiratory burst are listed.

TL;DR: The RNase protection assay is a highly sensitive technique developed to detect and measure the abundance of specific mRNAs in samples of total cellular RNA and provides conclusive evidence for the existence of a specific mRNA in a given tissue.

TL;DR: The use of these two techniques, comparative genomic hybridization and FISH, are complementary to one another and have proven to be highly useful for identification of previously unknown genetic changes and genes that play an important role in tumor progression.

TL;DR: Findings support a role for nitric oxide as a potential mediator of cytokine-induced inhibition of beta-cell function and implicate the intraislet macrophage as one cellular source of IL-1.

TL;DR: Quality control procedures that are needed to assure reproducible, reliable NK-cell assays for serial monitoring are described, and suggestions are provided for developing a QC program for these assays.

TL;DR: A sequential maturation of MIICs is suggested, which correlates with the degradation of invariant chain and the subsequent binding of antigenic peptides.

TL;DR: The stimuli leading to cytokine production are discussed in light of the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which distinct ligands regulate expression of cytokine-encoding genes and variably modulate each others' effects.

TL;DR: This article will describe a general strategy for the efficient micronucleation of human and rodent cell populations and their use as donors for microcell fusion into recipient cell lines.

TL;DR: The structure/activity relationships underlying the function of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) have been probed by site-directed mutagenesis and indicate that the N-terminus of MCP- 1 plays a critical role in activating the M CP-1 receptor, especially aspartate-3, however, a monocyte Chemokine motif analogous to the ELR sequence of neutrophil-active chemokines has not yet been identified.

TL;DR: This work has applied the one-bead one-peptide combinatorial library method to discovering peptide ligands for several murine monoclonal antibodies.

TL;DR: This review will discuss the common methods used to study schistosome egg granulomas, including the choice of parasite, maintenance of parasite life cycle, animal infection, granuloma isolation, and analysis ofgranuloma cells.

TL;DR: The study of immune responses to viral infections has provided and will continue to provide important insights into the characteristics of endogenous NK cell responses and the cells and factors that regulate these responses in vivo.

TL;DR: A diverse immune response to multiple myelin antigens appears to be responsible for the MS-like lesion in C. jacchus, a finding that parallels emerging concepts of the pathogenesis of human MS.

TL;DR: The results suggest that cytokine regulation of this enzyme in human glial cells differs significantly from that found in cells of rodent or murine origin, with astrocytes rather than microglia being the major source of these products in inflamed nervous system tissue.

TL;DR: In an in vitro model, it is demonstrated that NO causes damage to oligodendrocytes preferentially, sparing microglia almost completely and affecting some but not all astrocytic functions.

TL;DR: It is shown that DNA fiber FISH provides a mapping tool that is highly supplementary to restriction mapping, because it permits very accurate gap and overlap sizing and provides the means to generate "color bar codes" for disease regions, which can be used to inspect patient DNAs for suspected gene rearrangements.

TL;DR: The potential ability of conditionally immortalized neural cell lines to accurately reflect their in vivo function has now been demonstrated on several occasions through transplantation experiments and the generation of these cell lines is described along with a discussion of their potential applications in neurobiology.

TL;DR: Several lines of evidence suggest that NK cells and T cells may share a common precursor, and the existence of a common NK/T-cell progenitor within the fetal liver that possesses the ability to differentiate into T lymphocytes under thymic influences is postulated.

TL;DR: Results from indirect immunogold electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies to HIV gp120, a component of the Env glycoprotein precursor, suggested that HIV gp160 was specifically incorporated during the budding process into the outer surface of chimeric Gag pseudovirions.

TL;DR: A careful dissection of immune responses in hepatic granuloma cells from susceptible or resistant mice infected with L. chagasi may lead to a better understanding of murine immune responses to these important pathogens.