•Journal•ISSN: 2311-2638
Microbial Cell
Shared Science Publishers OG
About: Microbial Cell is an academic journal published by Shared Science Publishers OG. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Saccharomyces cerevisiae & Mitochondrion. It has an ISSN identifier of 2311-2638. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 427 publications have been published receiving 7377 citations.
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TL;DR: In this review, the physiological roles, molecular mechanism, regulatory network, and pathophysiological roles of autophagy are summarized.
Abstract: Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation process that targets cytoplasmic materials including cytosol, macromolecules and unwanted organelles. The discovery and analysis of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins have unveiled much of the machinery of autophagosome formation. Although initially autophagy was regarded as a survival response to stress, recent studies have revealed its significance in cellular and organismal homeostasis, development and immunity. Autophagic dysfunction and dysregulation are implicated in various diseases. In this review, we briefly summarize the physiological roles, molecular mechanism, regulatory network, and pathophysiological roles of autophagy.
431 citations
TL;DR: A brief overview on microbial competition is provided and some of its roles and consequences that directly affect humans are discussed.
Abstract: Many microbial communities live in highly competitive surroundings, in which the fight for resources determines their survival and genetic persistence. Humans live in a close relationship with microbial communities, which includes the health- and disease-determining interactions with our microbiome. Accordingly, the understanding of microbial competitive activities are essential at physiological and pathophysiological levels. Here we provide a brief overview on microbial competition and discuss some of its roles and consequences that directly affect humans.
155 citations
TL;DR: Chlamydia trachomatis infects susceptible squamocolumnar or transitional epithelial cells, leading to cervicitis in women and urethritis in men, resulting in reproductive sequelae such as ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain.
Abstract: Etiology, transmission and protection: Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) globally. However, C. trachomatis also causes trachoma in endemic areas, mostly Africa and the Middle East, and is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Epidemiology, incidence and prevalence: The World Health Organization estimates 131 million new cases of C. trachomatis genital infection occur annually. Globally, infection is most prevalent in young women and men (14-25 years), likely driven by asymptomatic infection, inadequate partner treatment and delayed development of protective immunity. Pathology/Symptomatology: C. trachomatis infects susceptible squamocolumnar or transitional epithelial cells, leading to cervicitis in women and urethritis in men. Symptoms are often mild or absent but ascending infection in some women may lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), resulting in reproductive sequelae such as ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Complications of infection in men include epididymitis and reactive arthritis. Molecular mechanisms of infection: Chlamydiae manipulate an array of host processes to support their obligate intracellular developmental cycle. This leads to activation of signaling pathways resulting in disproportionate influx of innate cells and the release of tissue damaging proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment and curability: Uncomplicated urogenital infection is treated with azithromycin (1 g, single dose) or doxycycline (100 mg twice daily x 7 days). However, antimicrobial treatment does not ameliorate established disease. Drug resistance is rare but treatment failures have been described. Development of an effective vaccine that protects against upper tract disease or that limits transmission remains an important goal.
140 citations
University of Graz1, Spanish National Research Council2, Providence College3, University of Sheffield4, University of Malta5, Tel Aviv University6, University of Miami7, Brown University8, French Institute of Health and Medical Research9, University of Bayreuth10, Roswell Park Cancer Institute11, Stockholm University12, University of Florence13, University Medical Center Groningen14, Rowan University15, University of Minho16, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular17, University of Porto18, University of Bordeaux19, University of New South Wales20, University of Fribourg21, Texas A&M University22, Université libre de Bruxelles23, University of Lausanne24, National Research Council25, University of Parma26, University of Kent27, University of Manchester28, Royal Military College of Canada29, University of Osnabrück30, Heinrich Pette Institute31, Kaiserslautern University of Technology32, University of Alcalá33, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center34, RMIT University35, University of Milano-Bicocca36, Sapienza University of Rome37, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute38, University of Ottawa39, University of Freiburg40, Technical University of Denmark41, Chalmers University of Technology42, University of Gothenburg43, Goethe University Frankfurt44, Ohio State University45, Centre national de la recherche scientifique46, Comenius University in Bratislava47, University of Minnesota48, University of Exeter49, University of Salzburg50, University of Kassel51, University of Málaga52, Moscow State University53, Free University of Berlin54, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven55, Concordia University56, Université Paris-Saclay57, Heidelberg University58, University of Wyoming59, University of Maryland, Baltimore60, Tsinghua University61, Cornell University62, Paris Descartes University63
TL;DR: Unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria are proposed.
Abstract: Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cel-lular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the defi-nition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differ-ential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death rou-tines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the au-thors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the pro-gress of this vibrant field of research.
134 citations
TL;DR: The importance of more and effective research to counteract fungal infections and their consequences is underlined, with a focus on Candida auris.
Abstract: Annually, over 150 million severe cases of fungal infections occur worldwide, resulting in approximately 1.7 million deaths per year. Alarmingly, these numbers are continuously on the rise with a number of social and medical developments during the past decades that have abetted the spread of fungal infections. Additionally, the long-term therapeutic application and prophylactic use of antifungal drugs in high-risk patients have promoted the emergence of (multi)drug-resistant fungi, including the extremely virulent strain Candida auris. Hence, fungal infections are already a global threat that is becoming increasingly severe. In this article, we underline the importance of more and effective research to counteract fungal infections and their consequences.
120 citations