Showing papers in "Molecular Brain Research in 1999"

TL;DR: The identification and cloning of two novel human intronless GPCR genes, G PR52, GPR55 and a pseudogene PsiGPR53 are reported, which demonstrates the highest similarity to the MRG, MAS, and C5a human receptor genes.

TL;DR: The antioxidant effects of DHEA are investigated in models of oxidative stress using rat primary hippocampal cells and human hippocampal tissue from AD patients and age-matched controls to suggest that D HEA may be useful in treating age-related central nervous system diseases based on its protective effects in the hippocampus.

TL;DR: The findings that the alpha3 and alpha4 mRNA levels were not changed in AD brains suggest that the loss of higher affinity epibatidine binding sites observed in AD patients cannot be attributed to alternations at the transcriptional level of the alpha4 genes and that causes have to be searched for at the translational and/or posttranslational level.

TL;DR: Observations provide a mechanism for the partial restoration of TTX-R sodium currents by NGF in axotomized DRG neurons, and demonstrate that the neurotrophins NGF and GDNF differentially regulate sodium channels SNS/PN3 and NaN.

TL;DR: Morphology, location and distribution of cells affected by radiation-induced apoptosis in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, together with NeuN-immunohistochemistry, support the contention that these cells belong to the immature progenitor population responsible for neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus.

TL;DR: It is shown that MCAO leads to a rapid decline of GFAP mRNA and glial proteins, which appears to precede the decline in neuronal mRNA and neuronal death within the infarct, which may play a critical role in determining the outcome of acute hypoxic-ischemic injury by compromising neuronal-glial interactions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that microglia and astrocytes are sources of brain IL-18 and add a new member to the family of cytokines produced in the brain.

TL;DR: Results show that each of the brain regions examined expresses all six NMDA receptor subunits, suggesting that NMda receptor composition is unique to each region of theBrain, using the nuclease protection assay.

TL;DR: The present findings indicate that some cytosines, particularly those at −207∼−182, in the promoter region of the APP gene are frequently methylated and suggest that their demethylation with age may have some significance in the development of Aβ deposition in the aged brain.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the regulatory mechanism of orexins/hypocretins may be different from that of NPY in genetically obese mice.

TL;DR: The present data offers new avenues for studying the complex interactions between the retinal ganglion cell death and the activation of resident microglia/macrophages as compared with retina where no inhibitors were given.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized the expression patterns of all CaM kinase II isoforms (α, β, γ and δ) starting in prenatal development and found that only the ubiquitous γ-and δ-CaM kinases II are expressed during early development.

TL;DR: To investigate the interaction between Abeta and RAGE and another scavenger receptor, SRA, under physiological conditions, they were co-expressed with human betaAPP(695)-SFAD in a human cell and the level of Abeta in the condition medium was assessed by immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.

TL;DR: Data demonstrate that like ERalpha, ERbeta is down regulated by estrogen in a region specific manner in the rat brain, and exposure to coumestrol may modulate ERbeta-dependent processes by acting as an anti-estrogen at ERbeta.

TL;DR: It is shown that tamoxifen acts as a pure estradiol antagonist with respect to serotonergic mechanisms in brain and is relevant for the understanding of the effects of antiestrogens as well asEstradiol on mood, mental state and cognition.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the proximal hDAT 5'-flanking region displays a strong, nonselective promoter activity that is silenced through regulatory elements present in the distal portion of the 5-flanking sequence.

TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the REST/NRSF/XBR gene and its regulation by neuron-specific splicing is conserved in human, mouse, and rat.

TL;DR: Cahill et al. as mentioned in this paper reported identification of a novel opsin gene expressed in the zebrafish pineal gland, which has an endogenous circadian pacemaker entrained to environmental light-dark cycles.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that TNFalpha IR existed in neurons, astrocytes, and ependymal cells during reperfusion, suggesting TNF alpha may be an important mediator in altering BBB permeability during reperFusion.

TL;DR: The data suggest that all striatal neurons have NMDA receptors, but different populations have different subunit compositions which may affect function as well as selective vulnerability.

TL;DR: The study suggests that muscarinic and nicotinic receptor activation in the hippocampus causes transient changes in all of the neurotrophins, but that NGF levels are selectively up-regulated by nicotinics receptor stimulation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that prion accumulation in astrocytes might activate NF-kappaB through the increase of ROS generation, and thus alterations in NF- kappaB-directed gene expression may contribute to both the neurodegeneration and proinflammatory responses which occur in scrapie.

TL;DR: In this paper, the activation of NF-κB was studied after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat, and constitutive expression of p65 and p50, protein subunits of NFκB, was examined by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry for p65 was carried out.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cells expressing nNOS all appear to express the entire citrulline-NO cycle, whereas numerous cells expressing AL do not express AS and the differential expression of these genes within the same anatomical structure could indicate that intercellular exchanges of citruLLine- NO cycle metabolites are relevant.

TL;DR: 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis of CGN involves activation of a caspase-3-like protease, in contrast to the neurotoxicity induced by MPP+, however, the peptide inhibitors zVAD-FMK and Ac-DEVD-CHO can only attenuate early neuronal death induced by 6-OHda.

TL;DR: In this article, surface biotinylation method was employed to demonstrate that the KDEL proteins calreticulin (Crt), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and the 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) are found on the surface of the NG108-15 cell line.

TL;DR: The data show that testosterone as well as estrogen affects SERT expression in male brain, and that the action of testosterone probably depends upon its enzymatic conversion, by aromatase, to estradiol.

TL;DR: Activation of caspase-3 is a necessary component of KA-induced cell death in both sensitive (FVB/N) and resistant (129/SvEMS) strains of mice, and evidence of pyknosis or TUNEL staining in the resistant strain is found.

TL;DR: The results suggest that AD might mediate, at least in part, the long term effects of sleep deprivation by inducing c-Fos protein and subsequent AP1 binding.