Showing papers in "Mucosal Immunology in 2013"

TL;DR: Phenotypic analysis of human intestinal mφ indicates that analogous processes occur in the normal and Crohn's disease ileum, and shows for the first time that resident and inflammatory m φ in the intestine represent alternative differentiation outcomes of the same precursor.

TL;DR: This review highlights how understanding of the factors that influence the development and function of M cells has been used to specifically target antigens to M cells to attempt to improve the efficacy of mucosal vaccines.

TL;DR: The presence of two distinct CD103− DC subsets in intestinal lymph represents a novel mechanism for the rapid generation of effector T-cell responses in the gut and may prove to be valuable targets for the treatment of intestinal inflammation or in the development of effective oral vaccines.

TL;DR: This review will discuss the role of these different cells in responses to pulmonary infections, with a focus on influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that both parenteral and mucosalAllergen sensitization, followed by allergen inhalation, leads to Th17-biased lung immune responses, and targeting the Th17/Treg axis might therefore be therapeutic in neutrophilic and glucocorticoid-refractory asthma.

TL;DR: It is shown that compared with non-allergic healthy control children, bronchial epithelial cells cultured ex vivo from severe therapy resistant atopic asthmatic children have profoundly impaired interferon-β and interferons-λ mRNA and protein in response to rhinovirus (RV) and polyIC stimulation, and this is a feature of STRA.

TL;DR: How abnormal PRR signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis in the intestine is discussed.

TL;DR: Tethered mucins organized as a space-filling glycocalyx function as a selective barrier for the PCL, broadening their role in innate lung defense and offering new molecular targets for conventional and gene therapies.

TL;DR: The findings strongly suggest that conventional NK cells have evolved to both kill virus-infected cells and also to provide vital cytokines for tissue regeneration.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, CD4 deficiency did not cause OPC but was instead associated with compensatory IL-17 production by Tc17 and CD3+CD4−CD8− cells, therefore, classic CD4+Th17 cells protect from O PC but can be compensated by other IL- 17-producing cells in CD4-deficient hosts.

TL;DR: It is found that IRE1β is a potential mucous cell-specific therapeutic target for airway diseases characterized by mucin overproduction and upregulated in cystic fibrosis and asthmatic HBE.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that AT-RvD1 displays potent mucosal protection and promotes catabasis after ALI.

TL;DR: It is suggested that Th17 and Th1 immune responses contribute to the immunity conferred by natural pertussis infection and shed important light on the innate and adaptive immune responses to pertussedis in a primate infection model.

TL;DR: Mucosal adjuvants delivered through the mucosal route induce pulmonary Mtb-specific T helper type 17 (Th17) responses and provide vaccine-induced protection against Mtb infection, demonstrating that protection is interferon-γ (IFNγ)-independent but interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dependent.

TL;DR: A previously unknown activity in CVM is revealed that is capable of impeding HIV-1 mobility to enhance mucosal barrier function and was significantly hindered in the same CVM samples in which bead diffusion was unhindered.

TL;DR: In evaluating the capacity of Mtb-reactive MAIT cells to adapt, it was found that those from the peripheral blood demonstrated a memory phenotype and had undergone substantial expansion, suggesting that they responded to antigenic stimulation.

TL;DR: It is shown that interleukin (IL)-10 is essential for resolution of lung inflammation and recovery of mice after infection and inhibiting STAT1 in combination with antibiotics may be a novel therapeutic strategy to address inefficient resolution of bacterial pneumonia.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that IL-4-signaling is a key determinant of mast cell expansion in food allergy, and a cell-intrinsic effect of IL- 4 in intestinal mast cell homeostasis is established.

TL;DR: The role of CX3CR1+ phagocytes in establishing IL-22 production supporting the clearance of a C. rodentium infection is confirmed, supporting the first line of defence to enteric pathogens.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that basal HIF-1α is critical for constitutive expression of enteric DEFB1 and support targeting epithelial HIF for restoration and maintenance of intestinal integrity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MUC1 and MUC13 are important components of gastrointestinal homeostasis and that disruption or inappropriate expression of these mucins could predispose to infectious and inflammatory disease and inflammation-induced cancer.

TL;DR: A novel vitamin A-dependent, RA-regulated developmental sequence for DCs is defined and a targeted precursor for CD103+ cDCs in the gut is identified.

TL;DR: A protective role of a MC chymase is identified in a physiologically relevant model for airway inflammation and it is suggested that chym enzyme-mediated regulation of interleukin (IL)-33 can account for this protective function.

TL;DR: This review highlights the centrality of inflammasome signaling in the complex cross-talk between host mucosal immune arms and the environment, in particular the microflora, with emphasis on the spatial and temporal integration of infammasome activation with signals from other innate signaling platforms.

TL;DR: This work reports that Helicobacter hepaticus–induced typhlocolitis in specific pathogen-free IL-10−/− mice is associated with elevated frequencies and numbers of large intestinal interferon (IFN)-γ+ and IFN-γ+IL-17A+ CD4+ T cells and suggests that bacterial-induced Th17 cells arising in disease-susceptible hosts contribute to intestinal pathology by switching phenotype.

TL;DR: It is reported that Umod is a novel M- cell–specific gene, the translation products of which might contribute to the uptake function of M cells, and that Spi-B is probably a candidate master regulator of M-cell functional maturation and development by another pathway.

TL;DR: It is argued that these so-called “non-immune” cells are reclassified in light of their diverse contributions to intestinal innate immunity and the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis.

TL;DR: This review addresses the aspects of bladder biology that have been well explored and defines what still must be discovered about the immunobiology of this understudied organ.

TL;DR: The gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected children also contained higher numbers of IL-10+ cells and increased levels of both IL10 and Foxp3 mRNA compared with that of the infected adults as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Gut IgA responses to oral hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-cholera toxin (NP-CT) conjugates were followed at the cellular and molecular level, and were highly synchronized, strongly oligoclonal, and dominated by affinity matured cells.