Showing papers in "Narrare i Gruppi in 2018"

Corpi a rischio: maternità e infezione da HIV in una comunità di sviluppo nel Tigray (Nord Etiopia)

Abstract: Bodies at risk: motherhood and HIV infection in a development community in Tigray (North Ethiopia) The article discusses, in the perspective of medical anthropology and with reference to the African continent, some relevant issues about HIV/AIDS infection, as a human experience of illness, understood in its broader social and cultural complexity and with regard to to its care processes. A specific development model is then analyzed, that of the Hansenians’ Eritrean-Ethiopian Welfare Organization (H.E.W.O.), active in Ethiopia since 1969, with particular reference to the maternity ward at its hospital in Qwiha-Mekelle (Tigray). Conceived in collaboration with the local community this service has the aim to prevent the mother-child vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, but more generally to protect the experience of motherhood in a population of women coming from a context with significant material and health deficiencies.

Mens sana in corpore sano: gli studenti più attivi sono gli studenti migliori? Una rassegna di ricerche psicologiche sulla relazione tra attività motoria e performance scolastica ed accademica

Abstract: Mens sana in corpore sano: the most active students are the best students? A Review of Psychological Research on the Relationship between Physical Activity and Scholastic and/or Academic Performance Literature considers physical activity and sport as key elements for a healthy lifestyle, producing not only physical but also psychic well-being. However, a not very investigated element is the presence of a possible relationship between school or academic performance and the participation in physical activity and sport in groups of pre-adolescents and adolescents. In order to clarify the complex relationship between mind and body in pre-adolescence and adolescence, this piece of work analyzes, in a first part, the causal and direct relationship between sport activity and performance; in a second part, it describes how this relationship can be mediated by the sense of self-esteem and self-efficacy; and finally, the last part investigates the relationship between group sport practice and school or academic performance. This article shows the presence of a significant relationship between physical activity, sport and academic performance, especially as far as logical-mathematical skills and Italian and English language learning abilities are concerned. What is more, this research points out that physical activity and sport determine an increase in the students’ self-esteem and self-efficacy, due to a better school performance.

Experimental ethnographies of early intervention: a new ‘gold standard’?

Abstract: Early intervention in child development has become co-existent with program evaluation by means of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although the polarized debate between detractors and promoters of quantitative methods is fading as the idea of interdisciplinarity gains programmatic traction, RCTs are still considered the “gold standard.” The application of mixed methods remains limited in evaluation of program effectiveness. In this article I propose three possible forms of integration between ethnography and RCT in the field of early intervention in child development. I argue that such an integration is beneficial for evaluation research and, thus, for the delivery of better early intervention services.

L’ultimo terrazzo di Borgalto. Etnografia della marginalizzazione dei piccoli centri rurali nel Piemonte meridionale

Abstract: The last terrace in Borgalto. Ethnography of the marginalization of rural villages in southern Piedmont The work presents the marginalization of rural communities in Italy. It especially introduces the ethnographic results of a research conducted between 2014 and 2016 in the Southern part of Piedmont: the history of Borgalto and its terraces. The ethnographic analysis describes the horizon of ordinary affections marking the process of marginalization in order to outline a first anthropological profile.

I dirigenti d’azienda tra management e fattore umano. Una ricerca esplorativa con focus group

Abstract: Management and human factors. Exploratory Research with Focus Groups The paper analyses the training needs of managers belonging to some public and private companies in the Region of Sicily (Italy), using focus groups. 52 managers took part in the research, 32 executives and 20 employees with intermediate positions in collaboration with senior management. This is a qualitative research with explorative purposes whose approach is part of the symbolic interactionism paradigm. Data analysis, supported by the Atlas.ti software, have permitted to code the meanings underlying the text of the narratives and identifying four “codes families” as key themes of the observed reality. It emerges a managerial profile that moving between critical and resources, shows an awareness of the need to refine skills that take into account the human factor, semantic category that is present across all the thematic areas addressed and on which should think and plan a specific management training.

Compromissione dell’immagine corporea. Percezioni e valutazioni soggettive in adolescenti e giovani adulti

Abstract: Impairment of the Body Image. Perceptions and Subjective Evaluations in Adolescents and Young Adults The body image construct refers to the ways in which the body is considered, perceived, and evaluated. The ideal body image has been dramatically changing over the centuries; the discrepancy between real and ideal body, today, leads many individuals to be dissatisfied with their body, developing negative feelings and implementing, in some cases, behaviors harmful to their health. All this has led, in recent decades, to a real cult of the body; in fact, in Western culture it has turned into an idol, a strict and demanding god one often becomes a slave of. This work represents a bibliographical review on the main theories concerning the theme of the body image, thus opening a space for reflection on the disorders connected to it, first of all that of body dysmorphism.

La dipendenza da Internet: Il fenomeno dell’IGD in un campione non clinico di videogiocatori di MOBA e MMORPG

Abstract: Internet Addiction Disorder: Internet Gaming Disorder in a Non Clinical Sample of MOBA and MMORPG Videoplayers This study aims at investigating on two specific kinds of videogames: MOBA and MMORPG. The sample is made up of 1121 subjects, 80.4 % of whom are male, while the participants’ average age is 22.94 years (DS= 6.685). Subjects involved were recruited online administering a batch of self-report tests composed of: IAT, TAS-20, PID-5-BF and BIS-11. One of the purposes of the study was to find out if involved subjects had obtained high scores in the various administered scales. Score analyses pointed out that they do not exceed the respective cut-off scores for each scale. What is more, referring to the average score reported in the IAT total dimension, the sample was divided in three clusters, in order to find out in the sample three kinds of users: non problematic, problematic and “addicted” players. The research has highlighted that the variable “videogame typology” exerts an influence on some personality traits, leading those who excessively use them to be more exposed to experience negative emotions (anxiety and depression), avoid socio-emotional involvement and get in touch with bizarre and culturally incongruent thoughts (accompanied by the respective behavioral displays).

La tradizione e l’uso del pane nel Mediterraneo. Spunti per un’indagine antropologica

Abstract: Il dizionario Zingarelli definisce il pane come un “alimento che si ottiene cuocendo al forno un impasto di farina, solitamente di frumento e acqua, condito con sale e fatto (a volte) lievitare”. Ma il pane e sicuramente qualcosa di piu che farina impastata con l’acqua (e spesso, un po’ di sale), fatta lievitare e cotta; “e una sostanza intrisa di profumi e di sapori, ma anche un cibo nel quale si stratificano memorie ancestrali, valori simbolici, usanze regionali e locali” (Longo, Scarpi, 1993, p. 8) ed e questo l’oggetto del nostro studio: il pane del Mediterraneo, nella molteplicita delle sue valenze.

“Doppiamente madre”. La fecondazione eterologa tra genitorialità biologica e sociale: uno studio di caso singolo

Abstract: “Doubly Mother”. Heterologous Artificial Insemination between Biological and Social Parenthood: a Single Case Study In heterologous artificial insemination, the donation of gametes (either sperm or eggs) from a third person allows infertile and same sex couples to become parents. Therefore, the child is genetically related to one parent, while the other parent is referred to as the social mother or father. The current single case study aimed at investigating this double access to parenthood in a lesbian couple who had two children after heterologous artificial insemination. In this couple, both women delivered one of the two children, such that each partner is either a biological or a social mother. The Clinical Generational Interview was used to assess the quality of family relationships, with a specific focus on three dimensions: the origins of each partner , the constitution of the couple, and the generational passage. Paper and pencil textual analysis was conducted following the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and led to the identification of six dominant themes (and subthemes): (1) the relationship with the family of origin ; (2) the couple relationship ; (3) the generational passage ; (4) heterologous artificial insemination and “double motherhood” ; (5) the donor/biological father ; (6) children’s identity and the disclosure of their origin . This study findings revealed the importance of using research techniques aimed at in-depth exploration of this phenomenon, consistently with the specificities of the new forms of filiation. The adoption of a transgenerational perspective allows to articulate conception coordinates with the history of the couple and the origins of each partner .

Lo specchio bugiardo. Alterata percezione del corpo e alessitimia in un gruppo di adolescenti e adulti sportivi

Abstract: The deceiving mirror. Altered body perception and alexithymia in a group of sports adolescents and adults Recent literature emphasizes the presence of an altered perception of body in subjects that practice the sporting activity assiduously, used as the principal method for achieving the ideal image: the precise time scanning, method and gesture allow individuals to become virtuous and get closer to the ideal to which they aspire. Sometimes such bodily disperception is associated with an inability to recognize and manifest its own emotions, resulting in an exaggerated practice of sport that could lead to addiction. The present research aims to study the relationship between perception of the body image and the possible presence of alexithymia in a group of 363 sportive adolescents and adults, including 78 males and 285 females, aged 11 to 68 years. Participants completed the following tools: Anamnestic Data Questionnaire, Body Uneasseness Test (BUT), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The results show that adolescents, compared to adults, seem to show a greater level of the difficulty identifying and describing feeling and the externally oriented thinking. Furthermore, subjects characterized by an externally oriented thinking seem to manifest a high level of concern for body image, compulsive self-monitoring of one’s body and depersonalization.

Il corpo sede e principio della mente relazionale individuale e familiare. Il sogno e i temi onirici nel modello psicodinamico

Abstract: The Body as Place and Principle of Relational Mind for Individuals and Families. Dream and Oneiric Themes in the Psychodynamic Model Human body and mind cannot be separated, these two aspects are indissolubly connected and influence one another. Ever since its birth, the body starts being the custodian of our emotional experiences thanks to its cellular memory. Two themes which are strictly connected with the body are transgenerational and oneiric unconscious. As a matter of fact, many families express their emotional experiences through body symptoms, just as dreams which use body icons to ‘talk’ about the subject’s identity. The same body expresses itself and communicates to us through dreams, which can even foretell diseases.

Introduzione: il Corpo in relazione

Abstract: In questo numero parleremo del corpo in relazione nelle attivita sportive, del corpo come sede della mente relazionale individuale e familiare e come punto di partenza per una elaborazione simbolica che possiamo riscontrare nei sogni e nei temi onirici presenti nei sogni. Il corpo in relazione necessita di essere pensato, primariamente, nel suo sviluppo affettivo e nelle sue implicazione psicologiche che maggiormente si evincono studiando i disturbi dell’ immagine corporea, nonche di quella condizione della mente che usiamo definire come mens sana in corpore sano.