Showing papers in "Natural product sciences in 2003"

Antioxidant Activities of Decursinol Angelate and Decursin from Angelica gigas Roots

Abstract: The anti-oxidant activities of decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) isolated from Angelica gigas were investigated These two coumarins exhibited decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by in rats They also showed increase in anti-oxidant enzyme such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in rats These results suggest that decursinol angelate (1) and decursin (2) from A gigas possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the hepatoprotective activities in rats

Antioxidative and Radical Scavenging Properties of the Constituents Isolated from Cosmos caudatus Kunth

Abstract: A phytochemical investigation on the methanolic extract of Cosmos caudatus has led to the isolation of quercetin (1), quercetin (2), quercetin (3) and quercetin (4). These compounds were shown to be the antioxidative constituents of the plant when evaluated using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and radical scavengers based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays.

Anti-diabetic Effects of CCCA, CMESS, and Cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris and the Immune Responses in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract: Anti-diabetic effect of various fractions of Cordyceps militaris(CM), CCCA (crude cordycepin containing adenosine), CMESS (ehtanol soluble supernatant), and cordycepin were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. CMESS showed potent inhibitory activity of 34.7% in starch-loaded mice (2g/kg) whild acarbose as a positive standard exhibited 37.8% of inhibition rate. After 3 days administration (50 mg/kg), CMESS reduced blood glucose level by 35.5% (acarbose, 37.2%). However CCCA, cordycepin, and tryptophan showed no significance. After 7 days administrations for the long-term usage of these drugs, CMESS (50 mg/kg), cordycepin (0.2 mg/kg), and acarbose (10mg/kg) dramatically reduced blood glucose level (inhibition ratio: 46.9%, 48.4% and 37.5% and 37.5% respectively). CCCA that has high contents of cordycepin (0.656 mg/4 mg) did not influence on reducing blood glucose level. The proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages derived from STZ-induced diabetic mice administered samples were evaluated out by addition of mitogens to see the stability of the usage of these herbal medicines. Proliferation of T-lymphocyte was significantly decreased; while NO production was increased more than two fold to STZ control in the cordycepin-administered group. Proliferation of macrophages and NO production were significantly decreased in CMESS administered group. Changes of serum enzyme levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were also evaluated. Cordycepin administered group was appeared to have more higher levels than those of control in both two enzymes, but in was not significant as compared to acarbose. We conclude that CMESS and cordycepin may be useful tools in the control of blood glucose level in diabetes and promising new durg as an anti-hyperglycemic agent without defects of immune responses and other side effects.

Hepatoprotective Effects and Antioxidant Role of Caesalpinia bonducella on Paracetamol-induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Abstract: The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella was studied by means of paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. The degree of protection was measrued by using biochemical parameters such as serum transaminase (SGPT and SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total protein. Futher, the effects of the extract on lipid peroxidatin (LPO), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were estimated. The methanol extract of C. bonducella (MECB) (50,100 and 200mg/kg) produced significant (P<0.01) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes, bilirubin, and lipid peroxidation, while it significantly increased the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT, and protein in a dose dependent manner. The effects of MECB were comparable to that of standard drug Silymarin. However, at a lower dose (25mg/kg) it could not restore the deleterious effect produced by paracetamol. The results indicate that Caesalpinia bonducella had antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Thespesia populnea Bark Extracts against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats

Abstract: In the present study, Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) bark was extracted with methanol and water. The extracts were vacuum dried to yield the respective methanol (MET) and aqueous extract (AET). The extracts were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage at 2 dose levels (250 and 500 mg/kg). The biochemical parameters observed in serum were total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels and total protein. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total protein levels in liver were also evaluated. Histopathological study on the liver tissue was also performed. The extracts exhibited dose dependent reduction in total bilirubin, ALP SGOT, SGPT, AST, ALT and increase in total protein (serum and liver) levels. The extracts also exhibited only mild hepatocytic damage compared to the Treated group. MET was found to exhibit higher hepatoprotection than AET.

Immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea L. Components

Abstract: Salicornia herbacea is an annual herb growing in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. Salicornia herbacea has been used as a fork medicine as well as a seasoned vegetable. In fork medicine, Salicornia herbacea has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as constipation, obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and cancer. However, the biological mechanisms for these activities have not been characterized, nor the active components. The immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea components were studied in the present study. The components of Salicornia herbacea were prepared from the whole plant by passage through a fine screen, and then dialyzed against PBS overnight. Immunomodulatory activities of the Salicornia herbacea components were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The Salicornia herbacea components were shown to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and expression of surface molecules in a dose dependent manner. The Salicornia herbacea components also induced further differentiation of slightly adherent RAW 264.7 cell into strongly adherent macrophages. These results indicate that Salicornia herbacea contains immunomodulator(s) that induces activation of macrophages.

Ethnopharmacological Evaluation of Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees. for Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity

Abstract: The ethanolic (50% v/v) extracts of Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees (Acanthaceae) were examined for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in experimental animals P bicalyculata in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg caused a dose dependent inhibition of swelling caused by carrageenin equivalent to 1225-2449% protection and 1662-3944% in cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats There was a significant increase in the tail-flick reaction time in mice (1805-7643% protection) and analgesy-meter induced pain in rats (1449-5685%) protection) The extract of P bicalyculata resulted in an inhibition of stretching episodes and the protection range of 1449-5685% respectively in acetic acid induced writhing

Wound Healing and Diuretic Activities of Canthium parviflorum Lam

Abstract: Aqueous and ethanolic extract of leaves of Canthium parviflorum were evaluated for wound healing and diuretic activities. Extract in the form of ointment is applied topically on excision wound in rats showed significant healing process as evidenced by increased rate of wound contraction as compared to control. The aqueous extract of 10% w/w ointment exhibited equivalent wound healing activity as Nitrofurazone oinment. Significant diuretic activity was exhibited by extracts. Graded dose response for both activities were observed for the extracts.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Coccinia indica Against $CCl_4$ Induced Hepatotoxicity

Abstract: The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AIT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters in serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP(IU/I), protein(g/100ml) and total lipids (㎎/100ml) in serum (i.e., 20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters attained near normal values (i.e., 22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP. protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of CCI_4 treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

Antitumor and Immunostimulating Activities of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits

Abstract: The antitumor and immunostimulating activities of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits were investigated. Polysaccharide isolated from this plant, when administered consecutively for 9 days at 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. in mice, caused a significant increase in the life span and a significant decrease in the tumor weight and volume in mice inoculated with Sarcoma-180 tumor cells. Polysaccharide was also demonstrated to exhibit phagocytosis-enhancing activity as measured by the carbon clearance in mice. Polysaccharide, when administered i.p. at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days, exhibited a significant RCtr/RCc [the rate of regression coefficient of the animals teated (RCtr) to that of the control (RCc)], being 1.44 (PI = 1), 1.52 (PI = 2) which was approximately the same with that of enhancement of phagocytosis, its potency as expressed by the regression coefficient ratio of zymosan (RCtr/RCc = 1.55, PI = 2), a typical phagocytosis enhancer. Polysaccharide also caused a significant increase in the acid phosphatase activity representing lysosomal enzymes in macrophages at 1-100 ig/ml in vitro in compliance with in vivo results. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of polysaccharide might be related to the immunostimulating function.

Scavenging Effect of Korean Medicinal Plants on the Peroxynitrite and Total ROS

Abstract: To discover the sources with antioxidative activity in traditional medicines, 100 extracts of Korean medicinal plants were screened for their scavenging effect on peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and total reactive oxygen species (ROS). The potency of total ROS scavenging activity was shown in the extracts of 25 plants, and 4 of their species, Macleaya cordata R. Br., Salvia plebeia R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai, had a greater effect with IC_50 values of 1.7±0.36, 4.3±1.08, 4.9±0.17 and 5.8±1.01㎍/ml, respectively, than that of trolox, positive control (7.61±0.12㎍/ml). Another 35 extracts exhibited inhibitory effect of below 50 percent at 100㎍/ml of sample concentrations on total ROS, while the rest observed total ROS generators rather than scavengers. The peroxynitrite scavenging activities were observed in the greater part of the plants tested. Five of them, Schisandra chinensis Baill, Campsis grandiflora (Thunb). K. Schum., Cedrela sinensis A. juss., Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz. and Veronica linariaefolia Pall represented scavenging activities on peroxynitrite twice as strong with IC_50 values of 0.48±0.10, 0.59±0.15, 0.60±0.10, 0.64±0.10 and 0.91±0.23㎍/ml, respectively, as that of penicillamine (1.72±0.05㎍/ml), positive control. Consequently, 25 species of the entire plants tested, exhibited scavenging activities on total ROS and ONOO-, Salvia plebeia R. Br., Macleaya cordata R. Br., Cassia tora L. and Angelica gigas Nakai exerted potent scavenging activities on both radicals.

Sphingolipids from Marine Organisms: A Review §

Abstract: The sphingolipids isolated from marine organisms and their biological activities have been reviewed.

Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Momordica dioica Fruit Pulp

Abstract: In the present study Momordica dioica fruit pulp was successively extracted with hexane and methanol. To the concentrated methanolic extract ethyl acetate was added and ethyl acetate soluble portion was separated. Both hexane extract (HE) and ethyl acetate soluble portion (EASP) of methanolic extract was vacuum dried to yield the respective HE and EASP. HE and EASP were evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg in mice and rats. Both HE and EASP significant exhibited analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities when compare to standard drug.

Evaluation of Nigella sativa Seed Constituents for Their in vivo Toxicity in Mice

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of main constituents of Nigella sativa (NS) seed on the survival and CNS responses in experimental animals. The toxicological investigations were conducted for the determination of median lethal doses (LD_50) of NS seed constituents [i.e. aqueous extract (AE), fixed oil (FO), volatile oil (VO)] and main components of its VO[i.e. thymoquinone (TQ), α-pinene (AP) and p-cymene (PC)]. A part of this study includes evaluation of NS constituents in the induction of minimal neurological deficit (MND) as a parameter for neurotoxicity using chimney test. In this study, the i.p. LD_50 values of AE, FO, VO, TQ (suspended in 0.5%CMC), TQ (dissolved in corn oil), AP and PC, were 3020, 3371, 1853, 616.6, 90.3, 1726 and 1523㎎/㎏, respectively. All the NS constituents can be considered moderately toxic (LD_50 ranged from 616.6 to 3371㎎/㎏), except the oily solution of TQ, which was very toxic (LD_50 was 90.3㎎/㎏). It appeared that the toxicity of the whole VO is mainly due to its content of TQ and to some extent PC. All the NS constituents induced different degrees of MND at certain dose levels. The median neurotoxic (or sedating) doses (TD_50) of AE, FO, VO, TQ (suspended in CMC) and AP and PC, were 950, 1403, 306, 88.1, ＜173 and 368㎎/㎏, respectively. TQ was the most potent component in inducing MND, whereas the FO and AE were the least. Neurotoxicity induced by the VO in the chimney test many refer basically to its contents of TQ and to some extent PC and AP.

Chemical Constituents of Helichrysum conglobatum Growing in Egypt

Abstract: Five aromatic compounds, of which two are new glucosides, and six flavonols were isolated and identified for the first time from the flower heads and aerial shoots of Helichrysn conglobatum (Asteraceae). Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods including UV, MS, ID - and 2D-NMR. Some fractions and isolates were screened for anti-microbial activities. This is the first report of the isolation of the chemical constituents of this species.

Two Alkaloids from Ephedra aphylla growing in Egypt

Abstract: The aerial parts of Ephedra aphylla afforded two alkaloids belonging to two different classes. The first alkaloid, ephedradine C, belonging to the spermine alkaloid, a group characterized by its hypotensive effect. The other alkaloid, hordenine is a phenylalkylamine alkaloid isolated for the first time from Ephedra Species. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and the assignment of some carbons in ephedradine C was achieved based on 2 D-NMR experiments.

Quercetin, A Bioflavonoid, Protects Against Oxidative Stress-related Gastric Mucosal Damage in Rats

Abstract: Quercetin and its sugar conjugates are the most abundantly distributed bioflavonoids and represent the largest proportion of flavonols in the plant kingdom The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the effect of quercetin on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of gastric ulcers in rats Administration of quercetin in doses of 50, 100 and 200㎎ ㎏^-1 twice daily for 5 days, showed dose dependent significant protection against ethanol (EtOH), aspirin (ASP), cold-restraint stress (CRS) and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced gastric ulcer models and the results were comparable with those elicited by sucralfate The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the stomach mucosa, an index of lipid peroxidation and regulation of plasma corticosterone were significantly increased in CRS-induced gastric ulceration The quercetin (100㎎ ㎏^-1) and reduced glutathione effectively inhibited gastric lesions induced by CRS with a significant decrease in the lipid peroxidation and plasma corticosterone These results indicate that quercetin a bioflavonoid exerts its antiulcer effect in light of free radical scavenging and plasma corticosterone in cold restrains stress ulcers

Studies on Neuropharmacological Effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Root Extract in Rats and Mice

Abstract: Ethanol extract of the root of Clitoria ternatea Linn (CTEE) was evaluated for different neuropharmacological actions, such as general behaviour, exploratory behaviour, muscle relaxant activity and phenobarbitone induced sleeping time, in rats and mice. The extract was found to cause reduction in spontaneous activity, decrease in exploratory bahavioural pattem by the head dip and Y- maze test, reduction in the muscle relaxant by rotarod, 30°?? inclined screen and traction tests. In addition CTEE significantly potentiated the phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time. Preliminary tests indicate that the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn. at the doses of 100 and 150mg/kg showed significant neuropharmacological activity.

Antimicrobial Activity of Hemidesmus indicus var.indicus R.Br. Against Human Isolates of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract: Hemidesmus indicus var. indicus belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae was screened for its activity against Helicobacter pylori(Hp) human isolates. Flowering and vegetative period samples were analysed. Aqueous (hot and cold) and solvent extracts (acetone, chloroform and methanol) were screened. Among them chloroform extract was observed to recover bioactive principles with low MIC and MLC. MIC was in both seasons and MLC was for vegetative and for flowering periods respectively. Extracts from samples collected during flowering period was better than that of vegetative period.

Lignans from the Stem Barks of Kalopanax septemlobus

Abstract: Four lignans were isolated from the fraction of the stem barks of Kalopanax septemlobus and their structures were established as (-)-7R,8S-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (1), (-)-simulanol (2), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (3), and (4) based on the spectroscopic methods including MS, and spectral data.

Antioxidant Effects of Plant Extracts on Free Radicals and Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species damage biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, sugars and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In order to search for antioxidants from plants, the antioxidant effects of the MeOH extracts from 182 plants were evaluated. The results showed that thirteen plant extracts exhibited antioxidant activity (>80%) in DPPH radical assay, seven plant extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity (>40%) in the hydroxy1 radical assay and eighteen plant extracts were active (>80%) in the lipid peroxidation assay. In particular, the extracts of Distylium racemosum (Hamamelidaceae), Astilbe korena (Saxifragaceae), Astilbe chinensis and Euphorbia supina (Euphorbiaceae) were identified as potent principles of antioxidant activity in all the assay systems.

Hyperin, An Aldose Reductase Inhibitor from Acanthopanax senticosus Leaves

Abstract: Hyperin from the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus was tested for its effect on rat lens aldose reductase and demonstrated to exhibit a significant inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase activity with value of .

Chemical Compositions of the Genus Hovenia

Abstract: Though a great deal of secondary metabolites and their bioactivities were discovered from the plants of the genus Hovenia, the structure-activity relationship was not well defined. To facilitate further pharmacological research and development in this area, we have summarized the progress of phytochemical and pharmacological research on the plants of the genus Hovenia.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Ratanjot-Arnebia nobilis Rech. f.

Abstract: Ratanjot is attributed to eight species of Boraginacae species belonging to genera Alkanna, Arnebia, Maharanga and Onosma and regarded as one of the important herbal drugs of indigenous systems of medicine. The root and root stock, which form the actual drug, are considered to be an anthelmintic, antipyretic and antiseptic. They are also claimed to be useful in burn, eczema, wounds and eruptions, and used for treating the diseases of eyes, bronchitis, abdominal pains, itch, etc. Several workers reported that the Naphthaquinones (arnebins), the main active constituents of the drug, are responsible for its colour and therapeutic efficacy. It is claimed that the Arnebia nobilis was imported to India from Afghanistan but the red coloured roots resembling with A. nobilis were found to be gathered by local people for commercial purposes during the course of botanical surey of Himalayan region. Hence, it is decided to evaluate Arnebia nobilis pharmacognostically. The important macro-microscopic features of this species are roots 1-5 cm broad; outermost xylem with broad vessels and innermost with groups of radially arranged narrow vessels while the middle region occupied by alternate rings of clusters of broad and narrow vessels and presence of pith. Besides the percentage of arnebin-1, -3 and 4 are 9.37, 10.53 and 1.72 respectively.

Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng Polyacetylenes on Infection and Vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract: Polyacetylenes were isolated from Panax C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae), and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. Ginsseng polyacetylenes did not inhibit the infection of HP into KATO cells. However, polyacetylenes inhibited HP growth and vacuolation of HeLa by VacA toxin. Panaxytriol showed the most potent inhibition with IC_(50) values of 0.05 and 0.046 mg/ml, respectively.

Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Aerva species

Abstract: The genus Aerva is distributed is temperate and stropical Asia and Africa. Aerva species, Aerva lanata and Aerva javanica have been used for antidiarrhoeal activity in Indian traditional medicine. A.lanata and A.javanica were screened separately for their. anti-diarrhoeal activity and their action on intestinal transit on their vacuum dried ethanolic and aqueous extracts at the dose of 800 mg/kg by standard methods. All the extracts showed significant antidairrhoeal activity and significantly reduced intestinal transit in charcoal meal test. The results illustrate that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A.lanata and the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A.javanica have significant antidiarrhoeal activity and the activity may be attributed to its effect on intestinal transit. The present study supports the claim of Aerva lanata and Aerva javanica as antidiarrhoeal drugs in the Indian system of medicine.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of an Antioxidant Plant - Acorus calamus Linn

Abstract: The rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn. is commonly known as "Vacha" in indigenous systems of medicine. It is distributed in marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmaur (Himachal Pradesh), Manipur and the Naga hills. It is regularly cultivated in Koratagere Taluk in Karnataka and other parts of India. This study deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the dried rhizomes of Acorus calamus collected from DehraDun (Uttaranchal), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). The commercial sample procured from Delhi market was also evaluated to observe the difference between collected and market samples. Dried rhizome is vertically compressed, pale yellow to dark brown and occasionally orangish brown in colour. Transverse section showed two distinct region with scattered, concentric vascular bundles surrounded by fibrous bundle sheath. Some vascular bundles just beneath the endodermis devoid of bundle sheath. Though the botanical and physico-chemical characters of all the samples were quite similar but some variations were observed in High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile, the essential oil content and total percentage of asarone which was found to be highest in Lucknow and lowest in Delhi market sample. These variations may be explained due to some edaphic factors or storage conditions. An attempt was also made to test antioxidant activity (in vitro) and it was found to be 88% at 0.2 g/ml concentration.

Antioxidative Constituents of Hedyotis diffusa Willd.

Abstract: The antioxidative constituents isolated from Hedyotis diffusa were identified as quercetin 3-O--rutinoside (1) and quercetin 3-O--glucoside (2). We also isolated asperuloside (3) from this plant. Identification was done based on spectroscopic analysis. Quercetin 3-O--rutinoside was the stronger antioxidant than quercetin 3-O--glycoside while asperuloside was inactive.

Polysubstituted Flavonoids from the Leaves of Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae)

Abstract: Chemical studies on the constituents of the leaves of Murraya paniculata (Lynn) Jack have furnished three highly-oxygenated flavonoids; gardenin E (1), gardenin A (2), and gardenin C (3). Structures of the compounds were elucidated based on NMR, MS, UV, IR data and also by comparison with the previous works. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds and the crude extracts were also evaluated.

Determination of Chiisanoside in Acanthopanax Species by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract: The content of chiisanoside in the Acanthopanax Species was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Chiisanoside was separated from the other components in the plant extracts using Zorbax 300 SB column with gradient elution of acetonitrile. Identification of chiisanoside was carried out by comparison in the LC/MS spectrum of separated peak from extract with that of standard. By HPLC analysis in this experiment, Acanthopanax species could be classified into two groups based upon the content of chiisanoside-one with low concentration of chiisanoside, such as A. senticosus and A. koreanum, and another with high concentration of chiisanoside, such as A. senticosus f. inermis, A. Divaricatus var. albeofructus, and A. chiisanensis.