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Showing papers in "Natural product sciences in 2008"


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, column chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet led to the isolation of twelve terpenes (1 - 11 and 17), four phenolics (13 - 16) and a hexenyl glucoside (12).
Abstract: Column chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet led to the isolation of twelve terpenes (1 - 11 and 17), four phenolics (13 - 16) and a hexenyl glucoside (12). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means to be (-)-pulegone (1), piperitenone (2), p-cymene-3,8-diol (3), schizonepetoside A (4), schizonepetoside C (5), (+)-spatulenol (6), ursolic acid (7), ,,,-trihydroxyolean-12en-28oic acid (8), ,-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diol--ol (9), stigmast-4-en-3-one (10), (11), (Z)-3-hexenyl-1-O--D-glucopyranoside (12), rosmarinic acid (13), apigenin-7-O--D-glucopyranoside (14), luteolin-7-O--D-glucuronopyranoside (15), hesperidin (16) and trans-phytol (17). Compounds 2, 3, 8, 9 and 12 were for the first time isolated from S. tenuifolia Briq.

27 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The normal appearance of hepatocytes indicated a good protection of the extract from carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity, and the results were compared with silymarin, the reference hepatoprotective drug.
Abstract: In a project to study the hepatroprotective effect of some plant extracts four plants Ephedra foliate Boiss, Alhagi maurorum Medikus, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. were studied. The ethanol extract of the aerial part of the first three plants and the flowers of H. sabdariffa were subjected to hepatoprotective assays using Wistar albino rats. Liver injury induced in rats using carbon tetrachloride. The biochemical parameters; serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin were estimated as reflection of the liver condition. Based on the good results of the biochemical parameters measurements, histopathological study was performed on the liver of rats treated with E. foliate. The normal appearance of hepatocytes indicated a good protection of the extract from carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. All the results were compared with silymarin, the reference hepatoprotective drug.

20 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the MeOH extract of the whole plants of Lathyrus davidii (Fabaceae) was isolated and identified as the flavonoids astragalin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, and rutin.
Abstract: From the MeOH extract of the whole plants of Lathyrus davidii (Fabaceae), thirteen constituents were isolated and identified as the flavonoids astragalin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, and rutin, as the saponins soyasapogenol B 3-O--D-glucuronopyranoside, azukisaponins II and V, soyasaponins II and V and as 4-O--Dglucopyranosyl syringic acid, uracil and n-hexacosanol. Five saponins and 4-O--D-glucopyranosyl syringic acid were isolated from the BuOH fraction as their methyl esters. Ombuoside (rutin 7,4'-di-O-methyl ether) was also isolated from the methylated BuOH-soluble fraction. However, no ombuoside was detected in the HPLC analysis of the nonmethylated BuOH fraction. Therefore, ombuoside is an artifact derived from methylation of rutin. All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant.

19 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The ethylacetate fractions obtained from the whole herb extract of Myricaria alopecuroides and from those of Sedum aizoon, Paeonia anomala, Sedum hybridum and Dasiphora fruticosa exhibited a particularly potent antibacterial activity especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus.
Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of seventy five ethanol extracts obtained from 67 different kinds of plant species of the Mongolian flora were evaluated by means of the disc diffusion method against five species of microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the plant extracts examined, 34 kinds of extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against one or more species of microorganisms, respectively. Especially, the root extract of Paeonia anomala, the whole herb extract of Myricaria alopecuroides, the whole herb extract of Comarum zalesovianum, the whole herb extract of Agrimonia pilosa and some other plant extracts demonstrated a particularly potent antimicrobial activity. The ethylacetate fractions obtained from the whole herb extract of Myricaria alopecuroides and from those of Sedum aizoon, Paeonia anomala, Sedum hybridum and Dasiphora fruticosa exhibited a particularly potent antibacterial activity especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus.

18 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an easy and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine allantoin in Dioscorea rhizoma using cyano columns, and the results showed that the contents of allantoins were in the range at 4.1-7.1 mg/g dry weight.
Abstract: An easy and reliable HPLC method was developed to determine allantoin in Dioscorea Rhizoma using cyano columns. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of allantoin were performed successfully by cyano columns (YMC-Pack CN column, Zorbax SB-CN column and Discovery(R) Cyano column). The intraday precision were 0.58-3.33% for YMC-Pack CN, 0.41-2.20 for Zorbax SB-CN and 0.45-1.93% Discovery(R) Cyano columns, while interday variations were 0.09-1.84%, 0.04-2.59% and 0.87-5.18% for YMC-Pack CN, Zorbax SB-CN and Discovery(R) Cyano columns. The recoveries of allantoin were in the range at 98.8-102.6% (RSD 1.1-1.6%) for YMC-Pack CN column, 99.7-110.5% (RSD 1.3-4.9%) for Zorbax SB-CN column, and 97.2-110.1% (RSD 1.8-5.7%) for Discovery(R) Cyano column. The contents of allantoin in four Dioscorea Rhizoma samples were determined by cyano columms and ranged at 4.1-7.1 mg/g dry weight. The present study indicated that HPLC method using cyano column for determining allantoin is a reliable method and this method can be applied to verify allantoin in Dioscorea Rhizoma.

16 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), eleven flavonoid derivatives and a lignan, were isolated and identified as liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2), formononetin (3), sophorophenolone (4), calycosin (5), methylnissolin (6), isomucronulatol (7,2'-di-O-glucoside), and isomocronularatol 7,2
Abstract: From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), eleven flavonoid derivatives and a lignan, were isolated and identified as liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2), formononetin (3), sophorophenolone (4), calycosin (5), methylnissolin (6), isomucronulatol (7), isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside (8), methylnissolin 3-O-glucoside (9), calycosin 7-O-glucoside (10), (+)-syringaresinol O--D-glucoside (11), and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12), by spectroscopic methods. This is the second report of the isoflavonoid derivatives sophorophenolone (4) and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12) from a natural source, as well as the first report of compounds liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2) and (+)-syringaresinol O--D-glucoside (11) from the species A. membranaceus.

14 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The data suggest that E. hyemale might be useful in inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the free radicals and inflammatory mediators and suppressed nitric oxide, IL-6 production and iNOS expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxic activity.
Abstract: Equisetum hyemale L. has been prescribed widely as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, conjunctivitis, pyelonephritis. In order to identification the mechanism, we examined an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of 85% methanol extract of E. hyemale. In this study E. hyemale exhibited strong scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, superoxide radical, and nitric oxide. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of E. hyemale, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide and IL-6 by E. hyemale in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. E. hyemale suppressed nitric oxide, IL-6 production and iNOS expression dose-dependently without notable cytotoxic activity. These data suggest that E. hyemale might be useful in inflammatory diseases by inhibiting the free radicals and inflammatory mediators.

14 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It could be postulated that RVS extract, in particular its fraction RVS-B5, protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through acting on the antioxidative defense system.
Abstract: The methanolic extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS-T) and its fractions (RVS-H, RVS-C, RVS-E and RVS-B) showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. RVS-B, which showed the most potent neuroprotective activity, was further fractionated to yield RVS-B5. Treatment of cortical cells with the RVS-T, RVS-B and RVS-B5 reduced the cellular ROS level and restored the reduced activities of glutathione reductase and SOD induced by glutamate. Although, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was not virtually changed by glutamate, RVS-B5 increased the glutathione peroxidase activity. In addition, these three tested fractions significantly restored the content of GSH which was decreased by glutamate insult in our cultures. Taken together, it could be postulated that RVS extract, in particular its fraction RVS-B5, protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through acting on the antioxidative defense system.

13 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an in vitro enzyme assay for some anthraquinones and stilbenes isolated from plants was conducted to search for new types of PTP1B inhibitors.
Abstract: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and obesity. To search for new types of PTP1B inhibitors, we have undertaken in vitro enzyme assay for some anthraquinones and stilbenes isolated from plants. Of the anthraquinones tested, physcion (1), 1-O-methylemodin (2), and emodin (3) showed high activities, with IC50 values of 7.6, 7.0, and 3.8 ?g/mL, respectively, while the anthraquinone glycosides, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and emodin-8- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), were less active than their aglycones. All the stilbenens (6 - 15) slightly inhibited PTP1B activity at high concentration of 30 ?g/mL. Our findings suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of anthraquinones may be associated with their PTP1B inhibitory activity.

13 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a bioactivity guided phytochemical study of the petroleum ether and butanol extracts of Clematis hirsuta resulted in the isolation of 12 compounds from natural sources.
Abstract: Bioactivity guided phytochemical study of the petroleum ether and butanol extracts of Clematis hirsuta resulted in the isolation of 12 compounds. Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the chromatographic fractions. Five known sterols and triterpenes namely: (1), lupeol (2), (3), oleanolic acid (4) and stigmasterol glycoside (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract. The n-butanol extract afforded two compounds reported for the first time from natural source: (S)-(+)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (7) and (s)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone (8). In addition, anemonin (6), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone) (9), biophenol (cimidahurin) (10), glucose (11) and sucrose (12) were also identified. The structures were determined from spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.

12 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Five polyacetylenes, ginsenoyne K (1), (Z)-1-methoxyheptadeca-9-en-4,6-diyne-3-one (2), panaxydol (3),Panaxydiol (4), and (E)-heptADEca-8-en,4, 6-Diyne -3,10-diol (5) were isolated from the adventitious roots of Pan
Abstract: Five polyacetylenes, ginsenoyne K (1), (Z)-1-methoxyheptadeca-9-en-4,6-diyne-3-one (2), panaxydol (3), panaxydiol (4), and (E)-heptadeca-8-en-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol (5) were isolated from the adventitious roots of Panax ginseng and their chemical structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2 and 5 were reported for the first time as a natural product. Ginsenoyne K (1) showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Results support that the triterpenoids, in particular Niga-, are contributed to the antidiabetic effects of R. coreanus or R. crataegifolius.
Abstract: To find the antidiabetic activity of the tripterpenoid-rich fractions of Rubus coreanus (TRF-cor) and R. crataegifolius (TRF-cra) leaves or its main component niga-ichigoside (Niga-), anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects were investigated in the diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Treatments of rats with 200 mg/kg of the TRF-cor, TRF-cra (each, p.o.) or 20 mg/kg of Niga- significantly inhibited the increase of blood glucose concentration about 44.8%, 28.7% or 20.6%, respectively, in the diabetic rats. In addition, treatments with those fractions inhibited the increase of serum concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol caused by STZ. The inhibitory rate on atherogenic index (AI) values of the TRFcor (200 mg/kg), TRF-cra (200 mg/kg) or Niga- (20 mg/kg)-treated groups were decreased about 55.7%, 36.3% or 22.6%, respectively, comparable to STZ-treated group. In the oral glucose tolerance test, treatment of TRF-cor or TRF-cra inhibited the increase of blood glucose concentration in the STZ-induced rats. Administration of 20 mg/kg of Niga- (p.o.) also exhibited similar effects with the effects of both TRFs at 200 mg/kg dose (p.o.). These results support that the triterpenoids, in particular Niga-, are contributed to the antidiabetic effects of R. coreanus or R. crataegifolius.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Three lignans were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation from the 90% MeOH fraction and all three had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM.
Abstract: We previously reported that 90% MeOH fraction of Biota orientalis leaves (L.) ENDL. had significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. In the present study, (-)-savinin (1), (-)-hinokinin (2), dehydroheliobuphthalmin (3) were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation from the 90% MeOH fraction. All three lignans had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at the concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, from the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), fifteen saponins were isolated and identified as astragaloside I (1), isoastragaloside II (2), agroastragalo-βδδβββ βδαββαβα ββαγαβ βαγβααβγα βαβθα βγαγγαα βθβα αβα
Abstract: From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), fifteen saponins were isolated and identified as astragaloside I (1), isoastragaloside II (2), astragaloside II (3), agroastragaloside I (4), cyclogaleginoside B (5), cycloaraloside A (6), brachyoside B (7), agroastragaloside II (8), astragaloside III (9), astragaloside IV (10), astramembranoside A (11), astramembranoside B (12), cylocanthoside E (13), cyclounifolioside B (14) and azukisaponin V methyl ester (15) by spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds 1 - 3, 5 - 7, 9 - 11 and 14 have cycloastragenol as an aglycon, and four compounds 4, 8 , 12, and 13 have cyclocanthogenin as an aglycon. The hairy roots of A. membranaceus were shown to produce previously unreported cycloartane-type saponins such as agroastragalosides I (4) and II (8) and cycloastragenol (5), together with the known saponins. This is the first report of these saponins (4, 5, and 8) from the intact plant. Although the occurrence of the oleanane-type triterpene saponin, azukisaponin V methyl ester (15), in Astragalus plants has been demonstrated by others, this is the first report of the azukisaponin V methyl ester (15) from the Astragalus plants.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The leaf extract of Ligularia stenocephala showed the highest anti-platelet aggregating activity in large numbers of edible and herbal plants, and two antithrombus active compounds were purified and identified as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4- dicaffeoysl Quinic acid, respectively, on the basis of NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopic data.
Abstract: The leaf extract of Ligularia stenocephala showed the highest anti-platelet aggregating activity in large numbers of edible and herbal plants. The active fraction fractionationed from L. stenocephala extract by using preparative HPLC inhibited the platelet aggregation up to above 80% and its blood coagulating time (PT and APTT) also showed similar effect to aspirin (0.2 ), known as an anti-thrombus compound. Two antithrombus active compounds were purified and identified as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, respectively, on the basis of NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopic data. Two active compounds has not only antiplatelet aggregating activity, but also has anticoagulating activity.

Journal Article
TL;DR: There were distinctly different compositional patterns between C. zawadskii var.
Abstract: The composition of essential oils from Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum were analyzed and compared. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed there were distinctly different compositional patterns between C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum essential oils. The combinatorial effect of the oil of C. zawadskii var. latilobum and C. indicum, with various antibiotics was assessed against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The essential oil fraction significantly inhibited most of the tested antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/ml. The fractional inhibiting concentration indices (FICIs) of the oils when combined with antibiotics against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae ranged from 0.26 to 0.75, and showed synergistic or additive effects.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The antioxidant activity of Paeonia suffruticosa (Paeoniaceae) was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The antioxidant activity of Paeonia suffruticosa (Paeoniaceae) was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The methanolic extract of P. suffruticosa showed the strong antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate soluble fraction was stronger than that of the others (IC50, 1.2 μg/mL), and the fraction was subjected to purification by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Suffruticosol A, suffruticosol B, methyl gallate, and gallic acid, were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical and spectroscopic studies.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the anti-complement activity of neolignans (1, 4, 8), sesquiterpene-lignans, and phenylpropanoids (7, 9) was investigated by repeated column chromatography.
Abstract: Five neolignans (1 - 4, 8), two sesquiterpene-lignans (5 - 6), and two phenylpropanoids (7, 9) were isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata Thunberg (Magnoliaceae) by repeated column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were identified as 4-methoxyhonokiol (1), obovatol (2), magnolol (3), honokiol (4), eudeshonokiol B (5), eudesobovatol B (6), coumaric acid (7), magnaldehyde B (8), and acid (9) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 2D-NMR and MS data. Compounds 1 - 9 were evaluated for their anti-complement activities against the classical pathway of the complement system. Of them, compound 8 showed significant anti-complement activity on the classical pathway with value of 102.7 , whereas compounds 1 - 7 and 9 were inactive. This result indicated that an aldehyde group in the neolignan is important for the anti-complement activity against the classical pathway.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Phytochemical investigations on the aerial parts of Asplenium scolopendrium led to the isolation of four terpenoids, the structures of which were assigned as lutein, (6S,9S)-roseoside, icariside B2, and picrionoside A using spectroscopic data.
Abstract: Phytochemical investigations on the aerial parts of Asplenium scolopendrium led to the isolation of four terpenoids, the structures of which were assigned as lutein (1), (6S,9S)-roseoside (2), icariside B2 (3), and picrionoside A (4) using spectroscopic data.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, column chromatographic separation of 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Korean cultivated-wild ginseng led to the isolation of ten ginsenosides (1 - 10).
Abstract: Column chromatographic separation of 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Korean cultivated-wild ginseng led to the isolation of ten ginsenosides (1 - 10). The isolated compounds were identified as ginsenoside (1), ginsenoside Re (2), ginsenoside Rc (3), ginsenoside (4), ginsenoside (5), ginsenoside Rd (6), ginsenoside (7), ginsenoside (8), ginsenoside (9), and ginsenoside (10) by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. The compounds (1 - 10) were for the first time isolated from the roots of Korean cultivated-wild ginseng.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin are caused by iNOS, COX-2, , and IL-6 down-regulation due to inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of mangiferin isolated from the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, a natural polyphenol, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mangiferin dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin productions in RAW 264.7 macrophages and peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice. Consistent with these data, mangiferin suppressed the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein and mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis () and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines were reduced by mangiferin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, mangiferin effectively inhibited the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B . These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin are caused by iNOS, COX-2, , and IL-6 down-regulation due to inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by chiisanoside may result in the prevention for osteoporosis.
Abstract: The leaves of Acanthopanax species have traditionally been used as a tonic and a sedative as well as in the treatment of rheumatism and diabetes. Chiisanoside is the major active lupane triterpenoid of Acanthopanax leaves. To investigate the bioactivities of chiisanoside, which act on bone metabolism, the effects of chiisanoside on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were studied. Chiisanoside significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and nodules mineralization in the cells (P ) in increasing ALP activity was completely prevented by the presence of tamoxifen, suggesting that the effect of chiisanoside might be partly estrogen receptor mediated. Moreover, cotreatment of p38 inhibitor SB203580 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited chiisanoside-mediated ALP upregulation, suggesting that the induction of differentiation by chiisanoside is associated with increased activation of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases. Our data indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast function by chiisanoside may result in the prevention for osteoporosis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results of the present study suggest that Yacon extract is a possible therapeutic for the treatment of spermatogenic disorder and TCDD induced testicular toxicity was significantly ameliorated by YTE.
Abstract: The authors screened the pharmacological effects of 50% ethanol extracts of Yacon on spermatogenesis in rats. Numbers of sperm in animals treated with 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks of Yacon tuber extracts (YTE) were approximately 1.51, 1.61 and 1.78 times higher, respectively, than in the untreated control group. Moreover, the spermatogenic effect of Yacon leaf extract was found to be times higher than that of YTE. The ameliorative effect of Yacon tuber extracts on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced toxicities in the rat were also investigated. Rats were assigned to three groups (6 rats/group), a control group, a TCDD exposed group, and a group treated with Yacon tuber extract (YTE) after TCDD exposure (TCDD/YTE group). 40 of TCDD was injected i.p., and 200 mg/kg/day of YTE was also administered for 4 weeks by oral gavage. The TCDD/YTE group showed a significant increase in sperm number as compared with the TCDD exposed group. In conclusion, TCDD induced testicular toxicity was significantly ameliorated by YTE. The results of the present study suggest that Yacon extract is a possible therapeutic for the treatment of spermatogenic disorder.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Three sesquiterpene-lignans, eudeshonokiol B (1), eudesobovatol B (2), and clovanemagnolol (3), were isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata, together with magnolol, honokiol, and obovatols as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Three sesquiterpene-lignans, eudeshonokiol B (1), eudesobovatol B (2), and clovanemagnolol (3), were isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata, together with magnolol (4), honokiol (5), and obovatol (6) on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses including 2D NMR and Mass Compounds 1 - 3 were belongs to a unique class of natural products made up of a sesquiterpene and biphenyl-type neolignan via an ether bond All the isolated compounds were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against the HeLa, A549, and HCTll6 cancer cell lines Compounds 1 - 6 showed the cytotoxic activity against tested cancer cell lines, with values ranging from 71 to 144

Journal Article
TL;DR: A simple reversed phase HPLC method was developed for extracting pharmacologically active compounds coptisine, palmatine, berberine, and epiberberine from the roots of Coptis chinensis as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A simple reversed phase HPLC method was developed for extracting pharmacologically active compounds coptisine, palmatine, berberine, and epiberberine from the roots of Coptis chinensis using a binary gradient of acetonitrile : 10 mM hexanesulfonic acid-Na monohydrate with UV detection at 254 nm. The coptisine (1), palmatine (2), berberine (3), and epiberberine (4) contents of the roots of C. chinensis collected from sixteen district markets in Korea and China were , , , and , respectively.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Two sesquiterpenes (1 - 2), a tetralone (3), and two phenylpropanoids (4 - 5) were isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata Thunberg through repeated column chromatography on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including two dimensional NMR and mass.
Abstract: Two sesquiterpenes (1 - 2), a tetralone (3), and two phenylpropanoids (4 - 5) were isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata Thunberg (Magnoliaceae) through repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as (1), cryptomeridiol (2), 4R-4,8-dihydroxy- (3), trans-pcoumaryl aldehyde (4), and p-coumaric acid (5) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including two dimensional NMR and mass. Compounds 1 - 3 were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against the K562, HeLa, A549, and HCT116 cancer cell lines. However, compounds 1 - 3 were inactive in this assay system.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Three flavonoids (1-3) and three phenolic compounds (4-6) were isolated from the whole plant of Geranium thunbergii Sieb..
Abstract: Three flavonoids (1-3) and three phenolic compounds (4-6) were isolated from the whole plant of Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc (Geraniaceae). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectral analysis. These compounds were examined for the inhibitory activity of IL-6 production in TNF-α stimulated MG-63 cell. Among the isolated compounds, gallic acid (4) and gallic acid methyl ester (6) showed potent inhibitory activity.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The six phenolic compounds isolated from the root of Dipsacus asper were continuously evaluated for their antioxidant activity using superoxide radical scavenging and AAPH-mediated (LDL) oxidation assay.
Abstract: The six phenolic compounds isolated from the root of Dipsacus asper, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), methyl 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (2), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (4), 4-5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), methyl 4,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate (6) were continuously evaluated for their antioxidant activity using superoxide radical scavenging and AAPH-mediated (LDL) oxidation assay. The results demonstrated that compounds 1 - 6 had remarkable antioxidant activities with the values ranging from 12.0 to in superoxide radical scavenging. They also inhibited AAPH-mediated low-density lipoprotein LDL oxidation by the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) with ranging from 6.7 to

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai have been used to stimulate hormone secretion in treating impotence, and the structures of compounds 1 - 10 were elucidated by high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and two dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis.
Abstract: 【The aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai have been used to stimulate hormone secretion in treating impotence. Ten flavonol glycosides, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-8-prenylflavone 7-O-[ ${\beta}$ -D-glucopyranosyl( $1{\rightarrow}2$ )- ${\beta}$ -D-glucopyranoside] (1), hyperoside (2), icarisid II (3), 2"-O-Rhamnosylicarisid II (4), epimedin A (5), epimedin B (6), epimedin C (7), icariin (8), hexandraside E (9), and epimedoside A (10) were isolated from the an ethylacetate soluble extracts of the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai through activity-monitord fractionation and isolation method. The structures of compounds 1 - 10 were elucidated by high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and two dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Compounds 1 and 4 showed potent antioxidant activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of 19.7 and 11.5 ${\mu}g$ /mL and 88.2 and 90.5 ${\mu}M$ , respectively.】

Journal Article
TL;DR: The results suggest that S. suberectus could be a candidate agent for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress because of its radical scavenging effects in vitro and its protective effect against liver damage in rats.
Abstract: In the present study, we obtained an extract from the dried stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn by using 85% methanol (MeOH extract of S suberectus; MSS) and investigated its radical scavenging effects in vitro and its protective effect against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats MSS scavenged the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical almost completely and inhibited FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver homogenate Oral administration of MSS significantly reduced the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase and inhibited LPO in the liver tissue after CCl4 treatment in rats These results suggest that S suberectus could be a candidate agent for the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress