Showing papers in "Natural Science: Journal of Science and Technology in 2013"

Kajian penggunaan arang aktif tongkol jagung sebagai adsorben logam pb dengan beberapa aktivator asam

Abstract: Research on the activated charcoal, by some acid activators, as an Pb adsorbent has been done. Corncobs as agricultural waste having a huge potential as a material in activated charcoal. It because of easily to be obtained, but also it is containing high levels of elemental carbon (43.42 %) and hydrogen (6.32 %) which calorific value ranging between 14.7 - 18.9 MJ/kg. This study aimed to determine the effect of acid activation on waste corncobs and the levle of lead (II) absorption. Corncob charcoal were activated by soaked for 24 hours in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The results showed that the absorption of iodine on activated charcoal by hydrochloric acid (HCl) was 773.85 mg/g , by sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was 665.76 mg/g and by nitric acid (HNO 3 ) was 637.82 mg/g. Charcoal of 14 g had the best absorption (0.508 ppm) compare to other treatments. The best absorption capacity (23.80 % ) was found in 12 grams of charcoal.

Induksi Kalus Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Pada Media MS Dengan Penambahan 2,4-D, BAP Dan Air Kelapa

Abstract: Study on callus induction of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L . ) was conducted at the Tissue Culture laboratory, Forestry faculty, Tadulako University, Palu, during periode of January until April 2012. This research was aimed to obtain the best medium formulation for induction and growth of cacao callus. Calli was induced from embryo on MS based medium containing of 2,4-D, BAP and coconut water. The intact plant as explant was taken from Local Farming. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were : MS medium + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 15% coconut water (N1), MS medium + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,2 ppm BAP, 15% coconut water (N2), MS medium + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0,2 ppm BAP (N3), and MS medium + 2 ppm 2,4-D (N4). Parameters observed in this study were the days appear of callus, percentage of explant producing callus (%), also observation on morphology and the cell of callus. The best medium for callus induction was MS medium + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 15% coconut water (N1). This medium produces healthy-compac callus which active in cell proliferation, in 6 days after induction.

Formulasi krim antioksidan ekstrak etanol bawang hutan (eleutherine palmifolia l. merr)

Abstract: Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr having antioxidant activity, its because of contain flavonoid, fenolat and tanin. These compounds have effect in preventing of free radical which cause premature aging. Research on ethanol extract of E. palmifolia L. Merr which formulated into antioxidant cream have been done by applying variation of TEA emulgator and stearic acid. That variation were F1 (2% : 6%), F2 (3% : 12%) and F3 (4% : 18%). Determination of antioxidant activity was done based on DPPH methode, and the Value is 98,210%. Furthermore, evaluation on physical characteristics was done based on organoleptic test, homogenity, pH, viscosity and stability of cream preparation. Observation was done during 21 days. Obtained data were then analyze by student-t test in comparing of the value between fresh and 21 days after storage. the pH of cream F1, F2 and F3 were not showed significant decrease, while DPPH reduce percent of F1, F2 and F3 were showed significant decrease. In contrast, viscosity of cream F3 was significant decrease. Antioxydant activity extract based on DPPH reduce percent value of F1, F2, F3 at the first day were 96,822%, 97,123% and 96,896%, respectively. Whereas that value at 21nd days after storage were 89,036%, 89,726% and 90,564%, respectively. Our result showed that E. palmifolia L. Merr ethanol extract can be formulated as a cream preparations. F2 physical properties was fullfill standart quality, which it was used TEA emulgator and stearic acid proportion of 3% : 12%.

Produksi biogas menggunakan cairan isi rumen sapi dengan limbah cair tempe

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of ratio of liquid cow contents with tempeh wastewater and fermentation time on biogas production. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 point ratio variation cows rumen fluid contents with liquid wastewater tempe (0:100, 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25:75 and 100: ) and fermentation time consisted of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours . Each treatment was repeated twice. From the results obtained it turns out the highest content of biogas at a ratio of biogas yield of 2894,35 mg/L. Which produces biogas fermentation time the highest yield for 84 hours. Positive test the presence of mhetane in the biogas shown with the blue flame in the flame test.

Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih (isk) di instalasi rawat inap rsud undata palu tahun 2012

Abstract: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of urinary tract that antibiotic was the first step on therapy. Antibiotic usage at hospitalized patients in developing country is 30-80%, but from all of that 20-65% antibiotic usage was considered inappropriate. It can raise resistance symptoms. This research is aimed to find out the rational of antibiotics usage including right indication, drug, dosage, frequency and duration in UTI patients. This research was descriptive research which was done retrospectively by looking at medical records of UTI patients, in order to explain or to illustrate the characteristics of each of the variables on this study including: patient characteristics, clinical characteristics and rationality of drug usage. The outcome of this study were as follow: Rationality treatment was 96.5 % in precise indications, right drug was 66.7%, right dosage was 53%, right frequency of antibiotic was 53%, and appropriate duration of antibiotic usage was 49.4 % . The use of antibiotic on UTI patients at Undata Palu Hospital in 2012, it could not be clasified as rational use yet.

Karakterisasi Enzim Amilase Dari Kecambah Biji Jagung Ketan (Zea mays ceratina L.)

Abstract: The research about characterization of the amylase enzyme from germination glutinous corn seed ( Zea mays ceratina L.) was done. The aims of this research is to know the effect of germination time to the activity of the amylase enzyme and characteristics of the amylase enzyme from germination glutinous corn seed ( Zea mays ceratina L.). The research was conducted through four phases that is germination stage, extraction, isolation, and characterization. The research device used was Completelly Randomized Design (CRD) and to be continued by BNJ test critical level 5%. Result showed that the germination time that produces the highest activity was 36 hours and the activity of enzyme was 0.0557 sec -1 . Isolation of the amylase enzyme purified by salting out method used technical (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at concentration 55% with activity of 0.0394 sec -1 . The optimum pH was 9, and the activity of enzyme was 0.0207 sec -1 . Maximum substrate concentration with the activity 0.0476 sec -1 give at 12.5% (w/v), while the optimum temperature for activity 0.0229 sec -1 was 70 o C. From examination manner analysis for all of free variables results very real effect on the amylase enzyme activity, while the BNJ test critical level of 5% showed a real difference with the other treatments of every variable.

Distribusi Logam Merkuri Pada Sedimen Laut Di Sekitar Muara Sungai Poboya

Abstract: An investigation about Mercury metal content in marine sediment around Poboya stream has been done. The sediment samples were collected at 5 points of Poboya stream with 0; 15 and 30 days of time variations. The physical conditions of the water was analyzed i.e pH, temperature and salinity. The result showed that the lowest and the highest Mercury metal content (0,0103 and 0,185 mg/Kg) were found at point E and C respectively. It was found at the second and the first sampling accordingly. There was no significant increase of Mercury accumulation by time. In general, the Mercury metal content in the sediment around Poboya stream was still under government rule.

Pengaruh Penambahan Air Kelapa Dan Berbagai Konsentrasi Hormon 2,4-D Pada Medium Ms Dalam Menginduksi Kalus Tanaman Anggur Hijau (Vitis vinifera L.)

Abstract: Green grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is popular cultivar of grape that produce valuable of table fruit whic usually grown via vegetative propagation. Another chalanging tecnology in grape propagate is by induction of callus in tissue culture tecnique. The study on grape callus induction was done at Tissue Culture Laboratory-Forestry Faculty-Tadulako University Palu, during periode of January 2012 until May 2012. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 3 different mediums as treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were MS 0 + 2,4-D 0.5 ppm + 10% coconut water (D1), MS 0 + 2,4-D 1 ppm + 10% coconut water (D2), dan MS 0 + 2,4-D 1.5 ppm + 10% coconut water (D3). The observed parameters in this research were the days appear of callus, percentage of explant producing callus (%), also observation on morphology and the cell of callus. The result showed that the MS medium with 10% coconut water and 2.4-D could induce the callus of the green grape and the best medium was MS 0 + 2.4-D 1.5 ppm + 10% coconut water (D3). It was shown by responding in emerging of callus in 11 days after induction, the percentage of explant producing callus was 76.67%. Produced callus was active in cell proliferation, and it has a compac texture, with brown-greeny color of callii.

Optimalisasi Hidrolisis Sukrosa Menggunakan Resin Penukar Kation Tipe Sulfonat

Abstract: Optimization of sucrose hydrolysis has been investigated by using a sulfonic type cation excange. The aim of investigation are to find out the effect of resin concentration, agitation time and the recycling of resin without ion excange treatment with optimum condition for the effectiveness of resin as catalys in hydrolysis of sucrose 70%. The result, there were obtained that the optimum condition in hirolysis of sucrose occurred at 30 grams of resin and agitation time at 16 hours, the product of sugar invert was 833.810 mg or 1.132%. The recycled of resin without ion treatment on the optimum condition as catalys in hidrolysis sucrose affected to the reduction of resin effectiveness. From Duncan’s test, the best effectiveness recycling of resin without ion treatment on the optimum condition are four time

Produksi bioetanol tongkol jagung (zea mays) dari hasil proses delignifikasi

Abstract: The research about “The Production of Bioetanol in Corn cob waste (Zea Mays) of Resulting The Delignation Process”. The aim of this research is to find out the highest weight of cellulose which contained in the corn cob waste. Then Cellulose which has been obtained, it was done on delignification process by using NaOH in variety of soaking time. To achieve the goal, then the application of the treatment effect of soaking time on corn cob waste powder on weight of cellulose was done. On the effect of soaking time on the powder of corn cob waste was applied the six levels each 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 2 hours, 28 hours and 32 hours. Based on the result, it showed that the weight of cellulose is 5,729 g at 28 hours on soaking time. The use of soaking time which was applied for delignification process NaOH on the yield of cellulose. Cellulose of hydrolysis corn cob waste powder with H 2 SO 4 10% and the result of fermentation of hydrolysis yeast cells immobilized. The level of glukosa is 43 % and 6 % for etanol. The result of sugar fermentation is done at the room temperature for 48 hours.

Struktur Dan Komposisi Vegetasi Pada 3 Zona Elevasi Yang Berbeda Di Taman Nasional Lore Lindu Sulawesi Tengah Indonesia

Abstract: The research on structure and floristic composition of vegetation of the Lore Lindu National Park has been conducted from October to Desember 2010. The objectives of the research was to study the vegetation potency are included species richness, structure and composition. The Research was located at three locations namely : Bora (elevation 400- 800 m asl), Nokilalaki (elevation 1300-1800 m asl) and Rorekautimbu (elevation 2100 – 2600 m asl). The research was used survey methods through establisment of transect with 20 m in wide. and in line transect was made nested plot continuously with the size of 20 X 20 m for the observation of trees (dbh> 20 cm), 10 x 10 m for poles, 5 X 5 m and 2 x 2 m to observe the saplings and understorey layer. The result showed that the plant species richness (incl. tree, pole, sapling and seedling and understory plant) in Nokilalaki was higher than Bora and Rorekautimbu. The diversity index of Nokilalaki was also higher than Bora and Rorekautimbu. The species composition and structure was indicated the significantly different, where the location I (Bora) was dominated by Dracaena arborea and Tamarindus indica , besides Nokilalaki was dominated by Lithocarpus elegans and Castanopsis accuminatisima (both Fagaceae). On the other side Rorekautimbu was dominated by Podocarpaceae family such as: Phyllocladus hypophyllus and Dracrycarpus imbricatus . All of research sites studied were very rich with plants are have potency to develop as raw material for medicine such as Begonia sp, Tasmania piperita and Galbulimima belgraveana . Besides that it was also can be developed as ornamental plant such as: Agalmailla sp (Gesneriaceae), Rhododendrons sp, Vaccinium sp (both Ericaceae) and several species of pitcher plants ( Nepenthes spp) and soon

Kajian etnobotani tumbuhan ritual suku tajio di desa kasimbar kabupaten parigi moutong

Abstract: Ethnobotanic Study of Tajio Tribe Ritual Plants at Kasimbar Village, Parigi Moutong Regency was conducted from December 2012 until February 2013. The objective of this study was to know kinds of plants, meaning of them, and ways of taking advance of them by people of Tajio tribe. The research methods used were the combination between qualitative methods. They were observation, moderaate participatory, purposive sampling and snowball sampling, and 102 items of questionnaire for respondents. The plants were used for tradition ritual on Tajio tribe like wedding, house building, rice planting, birth and religious events. The result showed that based on the habitat, there were 7 species of trees, 3 clusters of clumps, 11 clusters of bushes, 16 categorized herbs and 4 kinds of categorzed lily used for the traditional ritual. In addition, based on parts of the plants, there were 8 species of roots, 15 species of stems, 15 species of leaves, 11 species of fruit, 5 species of flowers, 4 species of seeds, 3 species of tubers and 2 species of plant players.

Organogenesis Tanaman Jeruk Keprok (CITRUS NOBILIS LOUR.) Secara In Vitro Pada Media MS Dengan Penambahanberbagai Konsentrasi IAA (INDOLE ACETID ACID) Dan BAP (BENZYL AMINO PURIN)

Abstract: Research on" Organogenesis of Tangerine orange (Citrus nobilisLour) onMSmediumsupplemented withvariousconcentrations ofIAAandBAP," has been performedatthe Tissue CultureLaboratory ofthe Faculty ofForestry, Tadulako University, Palu during the period of January andMay 2012. The goal of this study was to determine the optimum growth factor combination of IAA and BAP in MS based medium, for organogenesis of the plant. This research was arranged on Completely RandomizedDesign(CRD) withsix treatments and three replications. Growth factor combinations tested in this study were: 0.1ppm IAA + 0.4ppmBAP(C1), 0.1ppm IAA + 0.6ppm BAP(C2), 0.1ppmIAA+0.8ppmBAP(C3), 0.1ppm IAA + 1.0ppmBAP(C4), 1.0ppm IAA + 0.6ppmBAP(C5), and1.0ppmIAA+1.0ppmBAP(C6). The result indicating that the best organogenesis of Orange explant was in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm IAA and 1.0 ppm BAP (C4). This medium was suitable in inducing shoot and leaf, faster than its in other medium. Explant on this medium was also produced higher number of leaves than it on other treatments.

Kajian Teknologi Produksi Biogas Dari Sampah Basah Rumah Tangga

Abstract: The investigation about study the biogas production Technology from household waste has been done. This research aims to determine the starter concentration, water and household waste ratio to produc highest biogas, and also to find the fermentation time produce biogas with hight rendement. It was reache by applying 5 levels of cow dung starter concentration and 5 levels of water and household waste ratio i.e 0%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 18,75% and 25% and 1:2, 1:2,5, 1:3, 1:3,5 and 1:4 (b/v) respectively. The fermentation time was 3 days. The result showed that the higher cow dung concentration the lower biogas production. The highis biogas production (971,4 mg/L) was found with 6,25% of the starter. The increasing water and household waste ratio would decreased biogas production, and the using of 1:3,5 and 1:4 didn’t produce any biogas. The highest biogas production was found with 1:2 of water/household ratio i.e (631.29 mg/L). the fermentation time which produce the highest biogas rendement was found with 1 day of fermentation time

ORGANOGENESIS TANAMAN ANGGUR HIJAU (Vitis vinifera L.) PADA MEDIUM MSDENGAN PENAMBAHAN IAA (Indole Acetid Acid) DANBERBAGAI KONSENTRASI BAP (Benzil Amino Purin)

Abstract: Research onorganogenesisof Grape (Vitis viniferaL.) on MS medium supplemented with IAA and various sconcentrations of BAP, was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry Untad Palu, during periode of Januari and April 2012.This research was aimed to obtain the best combination ofIAA and BA Pin MS medium that stimulate organogenesis of Grape. This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications.The treatmentswere: MS medium+ 0.1ppm IAA+ 0.1 ppm BAP(B1), MS medium+ 0.1 ppm IAA +0.3 ppm BAP (B2), MS medium + 0.1ppm IAA + 0.5ppm BAP(B3) and MS medium+ 0.1 ppm IAA+0.7BAP(B4). Parameters observed in this study were the days appear of shoots, the days appear of leaves, percentage of explant producing shoots (%), and the presence or absence of roots. The results showedthat MS medium+ 0.1 ppm IAA+0.7ppm BAP(B4) gived the best results in speedupof shootsandleaves,in 7 days after induction.

Induksi kalus bawang merah (allium ascalonicum l.) lokal palu pada medium ms dengan penambahan 2,4-d (2,4-asam dikloropenoksi asetat) dan air kelapa

Abstract: Shallot c.v. Local Palu (BML-Palu) is one of importance agricultural commodities in Palu and surrounding area of Central Sulawesi. Unfortunately, in agricultural system, it’s facing difficulties in seed propagation. However, tissue culture approach was a potential technology which can be applied in order to overtake the problem. Our study was an early step in the application of this technology. We tried to find out the best combination of 2,4-D and coconut water in MS based medium, which suitable for callus induction. This experimental study was based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 treatments, 3 replications, and 3 shallot explants on each unit. The treatments were PK1 (MS0 + 1 ppm 2,4-D + 10% coconut water), PK2 (MS0 + 1,5 ppm 2,4-D + 10% coconut water), PK3 (MS0 + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 10% coconut water), and PK4 (MS0 + 2,5 ppm 2,4-D + 10% coconut water). Out came of this research showed that all treatments, except PK2, were able to induce callus formation up to 80.55% of total explants. Based on the observed parameters i.e. time of Callus emerging, frecuency of explants producing callus, callus morphology and callus cell observation; PK3 was the best medium in callus induction and growth. Callus on this medium was intermediate-type, white in color, active in cell propagation, also uniform in size. While PK2 was fail to induce the callus due to overproduction of secondary metabolite.

Autekologi nepenthes pitopangii lee.di kawasan taman nasional lore lindu sulawesi tengah

Abstract: The growth and development of Nepenthes are affected by abiotic and biotic factors in its environment. In this study, to measure and to identify the abiotic and biotic factors surrounding the Nepenthes pitopangii Lee.naturally grow in the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) in Central Sulawesi. The measurement of abiotic factor and the identification of biotic factor have been carried out from April to May 2013. The abiotic factors such as temperature and relative humidity were measured with thermometer and pscychrometer respectively. While, the precipitation data were obtained from Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Palu. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of soil where N. pitopangii Lee grow were measured with metode khcelhal dan metode Bray-1.The plants which compose vegetation in the surrounding of Nepenthespitopangii Lee.were analyzed with systemic double plot method and than they were identified. The animals that affect Nepenthespitopangii Lee.growth were also identified. The results showed that in the LLNP, daily temperature, relative humidity and precipitation that affect Nepenthespitopangii Lee. growth were 17.1 °C, 90.2% and 313.3 mm respectively. Nepenthespitopangii Lee.can grow in the very low soil N and P concentrations. At tree level, vegetation was dominated by Helicia celebica Sleumer with importance value index (IVI) of 69.94%. Eurya accuminata DC. (IVI 59.92%) dominated vegetation at pole level, Xanthomyirtus angustifolius Scoot. (IVI 74.57%) dominated vegetation at sapling level, and Gleichenia truncata (IVI 44.43%) dominated vegetation at seedling level. The wild animals are found in the study area to interacting directy on Nepenthes pitopangii Lee. in Polyrachis Sp, Camponotus Sp, Apidae Sp

Analisis Struktur Bawah Permukaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Seismik Refraksi Di Universitas Tadulako

Abstract: The method is one of the seismic refraction geophysical methods that can be used to determine the structure of the subsurface. The purpose of this study was to to determine the subsurface structure in the area Tadulako University. In this method, the waves generated on the surface of the Earth that will reach down into the surface of the soil or rock, then disuatu point of the boundary between two layers of rock wave is reflected back to the surface and partially transmitted down some refracts due to changes in rock density. Wave propagation below the surface will be detected by the geophones. Aqusisi and data processing method Intercept Time. Data processing is done in 2 stages, using the program and program pickwin Plotreva. The end result of this data processing is the image of the subsurface profile Tadulako University of 6 stretch consisting of three layers of the same. The first layer has a wave speed (V1) 300 m/s are expected mixing of sand gravel dominated by gravel, the second layer has a wave velocity (V2) 1000 m/s are suspected of mixing sand gravel dominated by sand and the third layer has a velocity 2000 m/s are expected mixing of sand and clay.

Perbanyakan Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Secara In Vitro Pada Medium Ms Dengan Penambahan Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Dan Benzil Amino Purin (BAP)

Abstract: The research on organogenesis of melon ( Cucumis melo L.) was done at Tissue Culture Laboratory Forestry Faculty UNTAD Palu, during January until May 2012. The aim of this research was to determine the best concentration of IAA and BAP hormones in inducing organs of this plant. Sterile seedling of melon was used as explants in this work. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were MS0 + 0,1 ppm IAA + 0,5 ppm BAP (M1), MS0 + 0,1 ppm IAA + 0,7 ppm BAP (M2), MS0 + 0,1 ppm IAA + 0,9 ppm BAP (M3) and MS0 + 0,1 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP (M4). Parameters observed on this study were the day appear of shoot and leaves, the number of shoots and leaves and also the present of callus and root. The result showed that the best medium for organs induction was MS0 + 0,1 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP, which shoot and leaf emerged in the day of 3,75 and 5,75 after induction, respectively. This media was also induced the number of shoots and leaves, i.e 4,75 and 8,75, respectively. Nevertheles this media was not suitable enough in inducing root formation.

KAJIAN KADAR FENOLAT DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOSIDAN JUS KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA (Citrullus Lanatus)

Abstract: This research aim to determine rate of total phenolic and activity of antioxidant of ellipse and circular watermelon peel juice. Method which used in examination of rate total phenolic that is method of Folin_Ciocalteu and activity of antioxidant use method of DPPH. Result of which is obtained from examination rate of phenolic circularwatermelon peel heavily 1,4 kg is 18,702% and ellipse watermelon peel heavily is 1,9 kg is 19,168%. Activity of antioxidant with value of IC 50 of circular watermelon 214,369 ppm and ellipse watermelon 376,266 ppm. Base on value of IC 50 , both of sample that mentioned appertained weak antioxidant.

Model matematika untuk sistem evakuasi tsunami kota palu (set-kp) berbasis jalur terpendek dan waktu evakuasi minimum

Abstract: Kota Palu memiliki tingkat resiko tinggi terhadap ancaman gempa bumi dan tsunami karena terletak dalam Sabuk Gempa Pasifik dan bentangan sesar Palu Koro. Kriteria InaTews waktu yang tersedia untuk evakuasi setelah peringatan dini tsunami berbunyi adalah 15 menit. Evakuasi penduduk dari pesisir pantai kota Palu ke tempat aman merupakan tindakan yang harus dan segera dilakukan sebagai langkah penyelamatan bila terjadi tsunami. Informasi tentang tempat, jalur terpendek, dan waktu tempuh minimum untuk evakuasi memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dalam keselamatan penduduk yang akan dievakuasi. Pada penelitian ini telah dihasilkan sebuah perangkat lunak Sistem Evakuasi Tsunami untuk kota Palu (SET-KP) berbasis jalur terpendek dan waktu evakuasi minimum. Penentuan jalur terpendek dalam SET-KP menggunakan algoritma Dijkstra dan menghitung waktu evakuasi minimumnya menggunakan model matematika . Skenario evakuasi penduduk di semua cluster pesisir kota Palu menggunakan perangkat lunak SET-KP diperoleh bahwa cluster dengan jumlah penduduk cukup banyak waktu evakuasinya melebihi ketentuan InaTews . Sementara itu, cluster dengan jumlah penduduk sedikit ketentuan InaTews dapat dipenuhi, seperti cluster C 70 , C 76 dan C 79 . Oleh karena itu, shelter (titik evakuasi) yang telah didefinitifkan sebelumnya dalam dokumen BPBD perlu direposisi untuk memenuhi ketentuan InaTews .

Pertumbuhan Organ Tanaman Buah Naga(Hylocerus undatus) Pada Medium Ms Dengan Penambahan Bap Dan Sukrosa

Abstract: Dragon fruit ( Hylocyrus undatus ) is a commercial-cultivated plant that has a high economic value and believed to be a healthy-food. Propagation of seedling by tissue culture technique is challenging step during cultivation of these plant. This research was aimed to determine the efeect of sucrose and BAP concentration in the dragon fruit ( H. undatus ). This experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatmnts were : MS0 + 0,5 ppm BAP + 35 g/L sucrose (A1), MS0 + 0,5 ppm BAP + 405 g/L sucrose (A2), MS0 + 0,5 ppm BAP + 45 g/L sucrose (A3), and MS0 + 0,5 ppm BAP + 50 g/L sucrose (A4). The results showed that all medium tested were suitable medium in inducing organs, including emerge of buds, thorns and roots. The best medium in inducing organogenesis of the plant were MS0 + 0,5 ppm BAP + 50 g/L sucrose.

Kajian fisika kimia limbah styrofoam dan aplikasinya

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan senyawa polistyren yang memiliki sifat hampir sama dengan polimer alam yaitu amilosa yang diperoleh dari pati amprotab sehingga dapat dipadukan atau di-poliblend. Pada tahapan ini dilakukan analisis sifat polimer yang meliputi gugus fungsi dan massa molekul relatif rata-rata polimer. Dari hasil analisis gugus fungsi dengan FTIR, polistyren termasuk senyawa non polar karena tidak terlihat adanya puncak serapan disekitar 3600 - 3200 cm -1 yang disebabkan vibrasi ikatan hidrogen dari gugus -OH. Sifat non polar ini dapat dirubah menjadi sifat polar dengan melakukan sulfonasi terhadap polistyren menjadi polistyren tersulfonasi. Hasil analisis gugus fungsi polistyren tersulfonasi, menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan yang lebar disekitar 3600 - 3200 cm - yang disebabkan vibrasi ikatan hidrogen dari gugus –OH. Sedangkan massa molekul relatif rata-rata yang terukur untuk polistiren tersulfonasi (PSS) diperoleh 54.688,27 g/mol sedangkan amilosa diperoleh sebesar 70.987,45 g/mol jika dibandingkan dengan amilopektin yang diperoleh sebesar 95.225,47 g/mol, sehingga PSS lebih memungkinkan dapat dipoliblend dengan amilosa jika dibandingkan dengan amilopektin. Selain itu kesamaan sifat juga dimiliki oleh PSS dan amilosa yaitu sama-sama memiliki struktur rantai lurus sedangkan amilopektin memiliki struktur rantai bercabang. Perbandingan komposisi poliblend yang dibuat meliputi PS:Amilosa (80:20b/b), PSS:Amilosa (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) dan masing dilakukan karakterisasi meliputi Analisis gugus fungsi, Analisis uji tarik, Analisis sifat termal, Analisis sifat kristal, Analisis permukaan dan Uji biodegradasi.

Organogenesis tanaman bawang merah (allium ascalonicum.l) lokal napu secara in vitro pada medium ms dengan penambahan iaa dan bap

Abstract: Research on plant organogenesis Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) local Palu on MS medium with the addition of IAA and BAP, have been carried out in March and July 2013 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry Tadulako University. This study aims to get a combination of the concentration of IAA and BAP in MS medium onion plant organogenesis spur. Explants were used in the form of lateral shoots from the onion bulbs. This experiment is based on a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, each treatment was repeated 5 times and every single unit test using a 2 explants. Growth media as treatments tested were: A1 (MS0 + 0.01 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP), A2 (MS0 + 0.05 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP), A3 (MS0 + 0.1 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP), A4 (MS0 + 0.5 ppm IAA + 1 ppm BAP). Judging from the appearance of the root, plantlet height, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of roots, chlorophyll content and the number of stomata per explant cultures tested The results showed that all treatments tested were able to induce organ onion crop Local Palu.. Based on these parameters, A1 is the best media in promoting organogenesis Local onion Palu. The media gives the best results appear to speed root, shoot number, leaf number and chlorophyll content. Other than that, the media A4 is also the best medium for the initiation stage plantlets before acclimatization. The media gives the best results for the number of stomata, while emerging roots and number of roots.

Pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji untuk produksi bioetanol menggunakan sel ragi imobil secara berulang

Abstract: Study about the Utilization of sawdust waste as a subtrat in Bioethanol production by using repeated-immobilized yeast cells has been done. The aim of this research was to determine the best ratio of sulfuric acid to sawdust and to determine the optimum hydrolysis time, its in order to get the highest sugars content and alkohol content, and also to know the activity of the immobilized yeast cell fo r in alkohol production by repeated-use of immobilized cell. It was done by applying 9 levels of sulfuric acid (50%) ratio to sawdust (v/b) {i.e. 2 : 1 (A), 3 : 1 (B), 4 : 1 (C), 5 : 1 (D), 6 : 1 (E), 7 : 1 (F), 8 : 1 (G), 9 : 1 (H) and 10 : 1 (I)}, and 5 levels of hydrolysis time (i.e. 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; and 2,5) . The result showed that the best ratio of sulfuric acid to sawdust was 5 : 1 (v/b), it could produce the sugars content for about 43,52%. While the best hydrolysis time was 2 hours and it could gave 43,72% of sugars content, when the fermentation proceses was done in 72 hours. The activity of immobilized yeast cell was decreased in repeated-used system, and there was no alcohol can produced in the fourth time of immobilized yeast cell used.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea Mays) UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN SEL RAGI AMOBIL SECARA BERULANG

Abstract: Study about the Utilization of corn cob waste ( Zea mays ) for Bioethanol production using immobilized yeast cells repeated used has been done. The aim of this research was to find both the ratio of sulfuric acid to corn cob wheat and the hydrolysis time in order to get the high sugars content, and to know the activity of the immobilized yeast cell for alkohol content during repeated use. It was done by apply 5 levels of surfuric acid (50%) ratio to corn cob wheat and 5 levels of hydrolysis. It was 1 : 1 (A), 2 : 1 (B), 3 : 1 (C), 4 : 1 (D), and 5 : 1 (E) based on v/b and 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; and 2,5 hours respectively. The result showed that the best ratio of sulfuric acid to corn cob wheat was 5 : 1 (v/b), it produced the sugars content for about 41,63%. While the best hydrolysis time was 1,5 hours and it gaved 43,75% of sugars content. The sugar Fermentation was done in 48 hours. The activity of immobilized yeast cell using sulfuric acid hydrolysis product getting decreased in repeated used, and there was no alcohol producted at the fourth time of immobilized yeast cell used.

Identifikasi Jalur Patahan Dengan Metode Geolistrik Hambatan Jenis Di Wilayah Palu Barat

Abstract: Research identify fault lines with resistivity geoelectric measurements in West Palu has been done. This study aimed to determine the geological structure, and also the type of rock layers below the surface area of research. This measurement was carried out in two areas in the western district of Palu, the Kalora and Kabonena, using geoelectric methods resistance type with Wenner configuration. Data processing was done using software EarthImager 2D. From the results of treatment, obtained a description of the geological structure in line 2 at Kalora areas there resistance values between 1212-6000 ohm-m which allegedly was granite layer that separated by a layer of sandy loam with a resistance value of 200-1000 ohm-m in coordinates of 119 °49'33,7” BT and 00 ° 52'42, 5" LS, which was characteristic of the fault.

Induksi Kalus Klon Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) Sulawesi 2 Pada Medium MS Dengan Penambahan 2,4-D, BAP Dan Air Kelapa

Abstract: Sulawesi 2 cacao clone is one of the clones which grown by local farmer in Central Sulawesi. One problem in cacao development in this time is the availability of high quality of seeds. One posible way in overcoming of this problem is through the application of tissue culture techniques via embryogenesis. The early stages of embryogenesis is callus induction, which aim to get emryonic callus cells and it can be a model in cacao research. This study was conducted over March and June 2013 in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry Tadulako University. Explant that used was Stamen of flower of Sulawesi 2 cacao clone. This experiment was based on a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, and it were repeated 3 times. On every single unit was growth 10 of explants. Different medium as treatments tested were: MS0 + 2 ppm 2,4-D + (15%) Coconut water (MK1), MS0 + 2 ppm 2,4-D + 0.2 ppm BAP + (15%) Coconut water (MK2) , MS0 + 3 ppm 2,4-D + (15%) coconut water (MK3), ms0 + 3 ppm 2,4-D + 0.2 ppm BAP + (15%) coconut water (MK4). Callus development were observed based on the emergence of callus, the percentage of explants producing callus, and cell callus morphology. Callus induction was done under dark condition and temperature of 26o C. The results showed that all of the tested treatments can induce the callus of cacao. The best medium was MS medium + 3 ppm 2,4-D + (15%) Coconut water (MK3), characterized by the appearance of white, callus in intermediate-type, the callus mass was relatively larger than its under others treatments. Under this treatment, explant can produce uniform-relatively big cell and active in proliferation in 10 days after culture

Bacterial mer genes are potential genetic material for bioremediation on mercury polution

Abstract: Remediation over mercury-contaminated areas become major concern and needs to be solved. Recently, various parts of ecosystem were contaminated because of increase of mercury emission into environment. Methyl-mercury is the most toxic form, which commonly found in contaminated area. This pollutant was rapidly increased due to uncontrolled emission of mercury from power plan, gold mining process and from other sources. The one possible and reasonable method in mercury bioremediation is by using genetically modified plant expressing bacterial-mercury resistance gene. Group of Mer gene was characterized encode mercury transporter and mercury detoxification protein in bacteria. On this study, Blast search on database based on known Mer protein sequence, it shows that these proteins were conserved among bacteria. These groups of genes are potentially to be cloned and transformed into plant for phytoremediation purposes. In order to enhance mercury uptake and reduce its toxicity, multiple genes transformation are considered to be effective approach for transgenic plant construction. This transgenic plant should survive in medium with high concentration of mercury and it should have activities in mercury uptake, detoxification, and Volatilization.

Pelabelan total sisi ajaib super (tsas) pada gabungan graf bintang ganda dan lintasan

Abstract: An edge-magic total (EMT) labeling on a graph G(V,E) with the vertex set V and the edge set E , where | V| = p and |E| = q, is a bijective function λ : V E {1, 2, 3, ..., p + q} with the property that for each edge ( xy ) of G , λ(x) + λ(xy) + λ(y) = k , for a fixed positive integer k . The labeling λ is called a super edge magic total (SEMT) if it has the property that for each vertex obtain the smallest label, (V) = {1, 2, ..., p} . A graph G(V,E) is called EMT (SEMT) if there exists an EMT (SEMT) labeling on G . Study on SEMT labeling for the union of stars and paths initiated by Figueroa-Centeno et al. [2] with graph form . Furthermore, an investigation will be conducted on SEMT labeling of double stars and path, that are 2 ; 2 ; 2 and 2 . We obtain that the graphs presented above are SEMT with the magic constants k = , , and , respectively