Showing papers in "Nature in 1944"
TL;DR: The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints, but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable as mentioned in this paper, and there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study.
Abstract: EIGHT members of the Yale Institute of Human Relations have co-operated to produce this book The result is not a mere juxtaposition of uncoordinated viewpoints but a unity of aim and consistency in presentation which make the multiple authorship almost undetectable Whatever judgment one may make about the value of the hypothesis elaborated in the book, there can be little doubt that the intimate collaboration of a team of specialists, each with a distinctive training, is a profitable way of examining a problem which has no clear-cut frontiers and which does not fall neatly into one of the conventional compartments of social study Frustration and Aggression By John Dollard Neal E Miller Leonard W Doob O H Mowrer Robert R Sears, in collaboration with Clellan S Ford, Carl Iver Hovland and Richard T Sollenberger (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction) Pp ix + 150 (London: Kegan Paul and Co, Ltd, 1944) 10s 6d net
994 citations
TL;DR: The Nature of Explanation by Dr. W. K. Craik as discussed by the authors is a good example of such an approach. But it is not a complete account of the philosophy of explanation.
Abstract: AT a time when professional philosophers are trying to persuade us that philosophy is an attempt to answer questions which should never have been asked, and professional scientists are taking over the task of answering the questions, it is refreshing to come upon a writer on philosophy who, after a few preliminary skirmishes with the modern sceptics, unhesitatingly attacks a philosophical problem by the plain scientific method. Dr. Craik makes his philosophical point of view crystal clear. He believes in the methods of the observational scientists as the only methods of explanation. He is intolerant only of those who will not experiment and who consider that the virtue of thought is analytic precision rather than fruitfulness in the experimental field. He confesses that he has no gift for analytic precision and is particularly addicted to confusing similar concepts. He is, quite clearly, not deeply versed in traditional philosophy. This gives his book a certain freshness of outlook, although it makes his criticisms of the great philosophers, particularly Kant, appear rather naive. The Nature of Explanation By Dr. K. J. W. Craik. Pp. viii + 124. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1943.) 6s. net.
746 citations
TL;DR: Eley and Pepper as mentioned in this paper showed that the flow velocity of compression of cylinders and extension of rods depends exponentially on stress at moderate stresses as the simple relaxation theory predicts, but at higher stresses flow velocity approaches linearity with stress.
Abstract: A RECENT communication by D. D. Eley and D. C. Pepper1 describes experiments on the plastic flow of plasticized cellulose derivatives. They find that the flow velocity of compression of cylinders and extension of rods depends exponentially on stress at moderate stresses as the simple relaxation theory predicts2,3, but at higher stresses flow velocity approaches linearity with stress. This behaviour at high stress leads them to question the applicability of the relaxation theory in general to flow problems.
315 citations
TL;DR: The theory of the photographic process was introduced by Mees in this article, who described the action of light, the processes that take place in photographic materials under its influence and the large number of theories which have been advanced to account for them.
Abstract: DR. C. E. K. MEES, with the help of the Kodak Research Laboratories, has written a book that will be for many years the standard authority on the photographic process. His title describes the book as an account of the theory; but theory is not conceived in a narrow sense as the counterpart of experiment, but rather as including almost everything about photography except its practice. The first chapters deal with the emulsions, what they are made of and how they are prepared; the action of light is then described, the processes that take place in photographic materials under its influence and the large number of theories which has been advanced to account for them. Development and fixation are then discussed, again with the emphasis on the details of changes that take place in emulsions and on attempts to explain them in terms of physics and chemistry. There are further chapters on sensitometry, on the nature of the developed image and on the photographic aspects of sound recording. Finally an, account is given of the use of dyestuffs for the production of colour-sensitive film, and for desensitization. The Theory of the Photographic Process By Dr. C. E. Kenneth Mees. Pp. xi + 1124. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1942.) 60s. net.
290 citations
TL;DR: Serum from calves not more than two weeks old was used for fractionation experiments, which immediately indicated a pronounced difference between the serum from the calf and that from the cow.
Abstract: DURING a study on the fractionation of serum with ammonium sulphate, I thought it worth while to try whether some of the serum proteins could be isolated more easily from the serum of a newly born animal. Serum from calves not more than two weeks old was used for these fractionation experiments, which immediately indicated a pronounced difference between the serum from the calf and that from the cow. Ultracentrifugal examination of the different fractions revealed the presence of large amounts of a globulin with the sedimentation constant, 820, of the order 3S (LS (Svedberg) = 1 × 10–13 C.G.S.) as compared with the normal 820 ˜7S for serum globulin. The main part of the new protein was precipitated between the salt concentration limits 0·37 and 0·45 saturated ammonium sulphate. It was purified further by fractionation with ammonium sulphate and centrifugation in a high-speed air-driven centrifuge. Molecular weight determination gave a value of the order 50,0001.
281 citations
TL;DR: In the course of this work the authors isolated from soil a new strain of aerobic sporulating bacillus possessing some unique characteristics, and alcoholic extract of the acid precipitate from this strain consists almost entirely of the antibacterial substance, which is not amorphous but is directly crystallizable from the alcoholic solution.
Abstract: ANTISEPTICS of biological origin are now well known since the pioneer investigations of Fleming on penicillin and Dubos on tyrothricin. In our laboratory early in 1942 an attempt was made to isolate the strains of Bacillus brevis from Russian soils in order to prepare tyrothricin similar to that of Dubos. In the course of this work we isolated from soil a new strain of aerobic sporulating bacillus possessing some unique characteristics. It is well known that alcoholic extract of the acid precipitate of the culture of B. brevis contains an amorphous body, designated by Dubos and Hotchkiss (1941) as tyrothricin, which can be afterwards fractionated by special procedures into two individual crystalline substances, gramicidin and tyrocidine hydrochloride. In distinction from this, alcoholic extract of the acid precipitate from our strain consists almost entirely of the antibacterial substance, which is not amorphous but is directly crystallizable from the alcoholic solution. This crystalline substance can be further purified and obtained in the form of colourless needles with the melting point 267–268°. Hence it is different from gramicidin (m.p. 228–230°) and tyrocidine hydrochloride (m.p. about 240°). The bacteria producing this substance were designated as the strain of Gause-Brazhnikova, and the substance itself as gramicidin S (Soviet gramicidin).
247 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that glass under stress can be broken by stresses far below its ordinary breaking stress as measured in short-time tests, provided that the load is applied for a sufficiently long time.
Abstract: GLASS under stress shows a characteristic fatigue phenomenon of practical importance: it can be broken by stresses far below its ordinary breaking stress as measured in short-time tests, provided that the load is applied for a sufficiently long time. About one third of the short-time breaking stress is sufficient to produce fracture if it is sustained for a number of weeks. In contrast to metals, the stress need not fluctuate periodically in order to develop this fatigue phenomenon, of which the most spectacular everyday manifestation is the sudden spontaneous cracking of glasses or bottles under internal stresses which they may have withstood for many years.
232 citations
TL;DR: In a recent review of radiochemical reactions, Allsopp1 affirms the conclusion that in gaseous systems there is a great similarity between radiochemical and ordinary photochemical processes, and that their mechanisms are essentially the same as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: IN a recent review of radiochemical reactions, that is, reactions induced by α-particles and particularly by X-rays, Allsopp1 affirms the conclusion that in gaseous systems there is a great similarity between radiochemical and ordinary photochemical processes, and that their mechanisms are essentially the same. In solutions, however, where radiochemical reactions are of far greater biological importance, the situation is still rather obscure and is dominated by the very indefinite 'activated solvent' hypothesis. In view of the more recent work of Dale2 on the effect of X-rays on enzymes and biologically active substances in solution, the subject has become of renewed interest.
217 citations
TL;DR: Smith as mentioned in this paper presented a new book dealing with the anguifauna of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, which has been eagerly awaited for some years, as nothing has appeared in book form since Boulenger's "Catalogue" in 1896.
Abstract: HERPETOLOGISTS, especially those in India, will greet with warm satisfaction the appearance of a new book dealing with the anguifauna of the Indo-Chinese sub-region. The revision of previous work has been eagerly awaited for some years, as nothing has appeared in book form dealing with this specified area since Boulenger's "Catalogue" in 1896. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region (Published under the patronage of the Secretary of State for India.) Edited by Lt.-Col. R. B. S. Sewell. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. 3: Serpentes. By Malcolm A. Smith. Pp. xii + 584. (London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd., 1943.) 45s.
204 citations
TL;DR: A study of the properties of mixtures of different types of human anti-Rh sera has led to the recognition of what appears to be an incomplete antibody.
Abstract: A study of the properties of mixtures of different types of human anti-Rh sera has led to the recognition of what appears to be an incomplete antibody. The research arose out of a suggestion by Prof. R. A. Fisher that this technique might throw some light on the problem of antibody absorption.
180 citations
TL;DR: The main object of the research conducted by the "Discovery" Committee is the investigation of the biology of the economically valuable whales frequenting Antarctic waters as mentioned in this paper, and Dr. Mackintosh's present paper incorporates much of this material in a comprehensive survey of pre-war conditions.
Abstract: THE main object of the research conducted by the "Discovery" Committee is the investigation of the biology of the economically valuable whales frequenting Antarctic waters. A number of "Discovery" reports dealing with various aspects of the subject have already been published, and Dr. Mackintosh's present paper incorporates much of this material in a comprehensive survey of pre-war conditions. At the present time, whaling is at a standstill, and the stock of whales is enjoying a respite from pursuit likely to extend to the end of the War. The effect of this war-time period of protection can only be measured comparatively in terms of conditions prevailing when whaling ceased. From this aspect, Dr. Mackintosh's review is of particular value. It should be emphasized that his memoir is by no means merely a compilation of already published data. It contains a great body of additional information which the author has analysed, and also uses statistics of the whaling industry to provide a statement on the condition of the southern whale stocks which will be invaluable in the investigations necessary when whaling becomes active again. The Southern Stocks of Whalebone Whales By Dr. N. A. Mackintosh. (Discovery Reports. Issued by the Discovery Committee, Colonial Office, London, on behalf of the Government of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands.) Pp. 197–300. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1942.) 15s. net.
TL;DR: The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary by G. Udny Yule is a statistical event which, though of great rarity, is all the more welcome when it occurs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A NEW book by Mr. Udny Yule is a statistical event which, though of great rarity, is all the more welcome when it occurs. This, however, is not a formal treatment of a subject which has already shaken down into definite lines of development, or even a systematic introduction to such a subject. Rather is it an account in volume form of Mr. Yule's incursion into a novel and interesting field of research. The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary By G. Udny Yule. Pp. ix + 306. (Cambridge: At the University Press, 1944.) 25s. net.
TL;DR: A Handbook of Plant Tissue Culture by Dr. Philip R. White as discussed by the authors presents the case of the plant biologist, based on 457 references, with commendable force, compressing into this relatively small volume the 'high spots' of plant tissue culture up to the present, in which he has himself played an outstanding part, and points out wide fields of interest for future research.
Abstract: IT is rare, even in these days of specialized studies, that circumstances permit an investigator to present a 'first book' on pioneer work in any subject. This opportunity has come to Dr. White, and he has taken full advantage in the presentation of an admirable book. In the past, text-books of, tissue culture have given the quite erroneous impression that only animal biologists have any interest in the subject or could derive anything of value from its study. Dr. White presents the case of the plant biologist, based on 457 references, with commendable force. He compresses into this relatively small volume the 'high spots' of plant tissue culture up to the present, in which he has himself played an outstanding part, and points out wide fields of interest for future research. A Handbook of Plant Tissue Culture By Dr. Philip R. White. Pp. xiv + 277. (Lancaster, Pa.: The Jaques Cattell Press, 1943.) 3.75 dollars.
TL;DR: Holmes as discussed by the authors compared his book with Charles Lyell's "The Principles of Geology", which, more than a century ago, laid the foundations of the modern science, but this is no matter for the slightest regret.
Abstract: A GEOLOGICAL author who introduces the word 'Principles' into the title of his work is wittingly inviting a comparison with Charles Lyell's masterpiece, "The Principles of Geology", which, more than a century ago, laid the foundations of the modern science. Whereas Lyell's was a work of genius, the present book is not; but this is no matter for the slightest regret. It may be debated whether geological science at this present time needs a genius or could make much of one were he to appear, but there can be no question at all that it needs an expositor—and here is one with a rare combination of lucidity and sprightliness. Geologists have wailed of late about the neglect of their science and of themselves in many fields both warlike and peaceful, and have traced this neglect to the ignorance of geology among all classes of the community in Great Britain and especially among those classes which should know better. Their laments have certainly been justified, but they have proposed few workable remedies. It seems that the cure has lain all the time in the hands of the geologists themselves; they cannot expect many people nowadays to struggle for knowledge, and they must accordingly make their wares attractive and take them to the customers. Here is a very attractive article indeed. Principles of Physical Geology By Prof. Arthur Holmes. Pp. xii + 532 + 95 plates. (London and Edinburgh: Thomas Nelson and Sons, Ltd., 1944.) 30s. net.
TL;DR: Whitehead and Riddet as discussed by the authors observed that bulk milk stored overnight in cheese factories sometimes inhibited the growth of the'starter' culture added to develop the acidity necessary for the cheese-making process.
Abstract: IN 19331 Whitehead and Riddet, in New Zealand, observed that bulk milk stored overnight in cheese factories sometimes inhibited the growth of the 'starter' culture added to develop the acidity necessary for the cheese-making process.
TL;DR: The second volume contains seven chapters as follows: 1, the algebra of linear transformations and quadratic forms; 2, the development of an arbitrary function in series; 3, the theory of linear integral equations; 4, the basic principles of the calculus of variations; 5, the oscillation and eigenvalue problems of mathematical physics; 6, application of the Calculus of variations to eigen value problems; 7, special functions defined by eigen-value problems; and 8, the special functions as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: THESE two volumes are photo-lithoprints of the second edition of Vol 1, issued in 1930, and Vol 2, issued in 1937 The first volume contains seven chapters as follows: 1, the algebra of linear transformations and quadratic forms; 2, the development of an arbitrary function in series; 3, the theory of linear integral equations; 4, the basic principles of the calculus of variations; 5, the oscillation and eigenvalue problems of mathematical physics; 6, application of the calculus of variations to eigenvalue problems; 7, special functions defined by eigenvalue problems Methoden der mathematischen Physik Von Prof R Courant Prof D Hilbert (Published and distributed in the Public Interest with the consent of the Alien Property Custodian under License No A 82) Band 1 Zweite verbesserte Auflage Pp xv + 469 8 dollars Band 2 Pp xiv + 549 8 dollars (New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc; London: H K Lewis and Co, Ltd, 1931–1937) 2 vols, 14 dollars
TL;DR: Some of the substances were found to be highly effective, producing mutation-rates of the same order as those obtained with X-rays, 6–24 per cent sex-linked lethals developing in treated X-chromosomes.
Abstract: IN the course of the past few years, we have examined a number of chemical substances for their ability,to produce gene mutations. The experiments were carried out On Drosophila melanogaster. Some of the substances were found to be highly effective, producing mutation-rates of the same order as those obtained with X-rays, 6–24 per cent sex-linked lethals developing in treated X-chromosomes. These data will be published later.
TL;DR: The Social Psychology of Education: An Introduction and Guide to its Study by Dr. C. M. Fleming as discussed by the authors, is a good starting point for a discussion of the relationship between education and interpersonal relations.
Abstract: AN interesting trend in modern education is the declining concern with mere formal aspects of the mind, with attention, memory, reasoning, judgment and so forth. This has yielded to a new emphasis upon the child or pupil as a personality, as a social organism, as a member of diverse groups. The child's cognitive equipment is now seen in better perspective against his personal and home background, his emotions, attitudes, incentives and social orientation. Education ceases to be a study of rational faculties occasionally and accidentally disturbed by errors or by the vagaries of temperament. Perhaps the chief merit of Dr. Fleming's book lies in bringing home to the reader this change in education from being a cold, academic exercise to becoming a realistic guide in meeting the emotional, intellectual and social problems of the developing child and continually adjusting adult. Gently taking the teacher by the hand, Dr. Fleming leads him from his pedestal and shows him how to mingle easily among those he seeks to educate; the reciprocal influences between teacher and taught are now brought into fresh focus. The author's exposition is not, however, confined to the class-room. Wherever educative processes are discernible, at home, in office or factory, in clubs or institutions, the common principles of interpersonal relations are shown to be active between the educator and his charge. The Social Psychology of Education An Introduction and Guide to its Study. By Dr. C. M. Fleming. (International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction.) Pp. viii + 110. (London: Kegan Paul and Co., Ltd., 1944.) 7s. 6d. net.
TL;DR: Pollen analysis is the term applied to the quantitative analysis of material containing pollen, by microscopic recognition of the species and genera of plants from which the pollen came.
Abstract: POLLEN analysis is the term applied to the quantitative analysis of material containing pollen, by microscopic recognition of the species and genera of plants from which the pollen came. The pollen membranes have qualities of shape, size, surface, and structure which permit these identifications, and their preservation is often excellent. An Introduction to Pollen Analysis By Dr. G. Erdtman. (A New Series of Plant Science Books, Vol. 12.) Pp. xvi + 240. (Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co.; London: Wm. Dawson and Sons, Ltd., 1943.) 5 dollars.
TL;DR: The development of genetics has depended on the separation between determinants and what they determine, between factor and character, between gene and gene-product, between genotype and phenotype.
Abstract: I. Three Levels of Heredity THE development of genetics has depended on the separation between determinants and what they determine, between factor and character, between gene and gene-product, between genotype and phenotype. Once the separation had been admitted in theory the connexion could be examined in practice.
TL;DR: Six typical compounds required the following concentrations to produce equal degrees of turbidity at pH. 7.8, when added to serum from a case of infective hepatitis, and in each case the same solutions produced negligible effects with normal serum.
Abstract: IN the course of work on the serum colloidal gold reaction1,2 it was noted that the thymol which was at first used to inhibit the growth of moulds in the barbitone buffer (pH. 7·8) produced a marked turbidity or precipitate with certain sera. These sera were usually from patients with parenchymatous liver disease and also gave positive colloidal gold reactions, and it soon became evident that there was a close correlation between the thymol turbidity and the gold test.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors make an attempt to chronicle what people are actually thinking about demobilization and to provide a sample of public opinion on this question for the guidance of those who have to plan "The Journey Home".
Abstract: ALTHOUGH the Government has only just declared its demobilization plans, the question of demobilization has been ably discussed in reports from the political parties as well as in one of the usual admirable broadsheets from Political and Economic Planning. These, however, have been concerned essentially with proposals or principles for demobilization and to some extent this is true of Sir Ronald Davison's somewhat broader survey "Remobilization for Peace" in the "Target for To-morrow" series. Mass Observation, in its fifth major social survey since the War began, makes an attempt to chronicle what people are actually thinking about demobilization and to provide a sample of public opinion on this question for the guidance of those who have to plan "The Journey Home". The Journey Home A Report prepared by Mass-Observation for the Advertising Service Guild.('Change' Wartime Surveys, No. 5.) Pp. 123. (London: John Murray, 1944.) 6s.
TL;DR: This group of clay minerals, referred to hereafter for brevity simply as "montmorillonite", is characterized by the variation of the position of the basal reflexion on an X-ray powder or aggregate diagram, from about 10 to about 18 A, according to the state of hydration.
Abstract: THIS group of clay minerals (referred to hereafter for brevity simply as "montmorillonite"), which is often found in soil clays, fuller's earth and bentonite, is characterized by the variation of the position of the basal reflexion, on an X-ray powder or aggregate diagram, from about 10 to about 18 A., according to the state of hydration1. The minerals of the group are notoriously difficult to identify positively from a single X-ray diagram because (a) the line at 14 A., which is given by montmorillonite in a normal state of hydration, is liable to be confused with a basal reflexion from chlorite or vermiculite, both of which might occur in soil clays; and (b) the basal reflexion may be diffuse, due to the simultaneous occurrence, in the crystallites, of two or more different basal spacings.
TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which the outer surface of a leaf is wetted by water may depend on factors varying with species, age, and position on the plant, and a series of investigations on advancing contact angles has made it clear that the adhesion of water for leaf surfaces may vary considerably with the condition of the leaf, and, in particular, with factors showing a cyclic diurnal change.
Abstract: THE extent to which the outer surface of a leaf is wetted by water may depend on factors varying with species, age, and position on the plant. A series of investigations on advancing contact angles has made it clear that, in addition, the adhesion of water for leaf surfaces may vary considerably with the condition of the leaf, and, in particular, with factors showing a cyclic diurnal change.
TL;DR: It is suggested that it is extremely probable that the fungus used, by Weindling was not G. fimbriatum, but was a Trichoderma as he Originally supposed, and that strains of Trichodma viride produce gliotoxin.
Abstract: GLIOTOXIN was first described by Weindling and Emerson1 as a metabolic product of Trichoderma lignorum (Tode) Harz [= T. viride Pers. ex Fries]. Weindling afterwards2, on the advice of C. Thom and M. Timonin, reported that he had described the fungus incorrectly, and that instead it should be identified as a Gliocladium, similar to Gliocladium flmbriatum Gilman and Abbott. I have found that strains of Trichoderma viride produce gliotoxin, and I suggest that it is extremely probable that the fungus used, by Weindling was not G. fimbriatum, but was a Trichoderma as he originally supposed.
TL;DR: Amylopectin is a mixture of two components, which can be separated in a number of ways although it is doubtful if complete separation has yet been attained as discussed by the authors, although the names of amylose and amylopharmectin may be conveniently retained to describe the two components.
Abstract: NATURAL starch is a mixture of two components, which can be separated in a number of ways although it is doubtful if complete separation has yet been attained. The names, amylose and amylopectin, used earlier in a different sense, may be conveniently retained to describe the two components. Amylose, forming about 25 per cent of whole starch, is constituted of unbranched chains of glucose residues, the members being mutually linked by α-1: 4-glycosidic linkages. Amylopectin possesses for the most part the same 1: 4 glucose linkages and forms about 75 per cent of natural starch, but its chain structure is branched or laminated through the lateral linking of its shorter lengths of 1:4 glucose chains by certain α-1: 6-glycosidic bonds.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that if a circle, 2 cm. in diameter, is divided into quadrants and coloured as in Fig. 1, placed on either a black or white ground, and then viewed with one eye from a distance of about 3 m, it will be found that there is considerable difficulty in distinguishing the green from the light blue on one hand and the orange-brown from light red-purple on the other, so long as the brightnesses of the fields are made as equal as possible.
Abstract: IF a circle, 2 cm. in diameter, is divided into quadrants and coloured as in Fig. 1, placed on either a black or white ground, and then viewed with one eye from a distance of about 3 m., it will be found that there is considerable difficulty in distinguishing the green from the light blue on one hand and the orange-brown from the light red-purple on the other, so long as the brightnesses of the fields are made as equal as possible. There will be no difficulty in distinguishing the green from the orange, provided that the observer is not red-green colour-blind in the sense that he habitually confuses such colours, and the circle will appear to be divided into two halves, right and left. Red-green colour-blind observers see the circle as uniform, or they may be able to separate the quadrants on subtle brightness differences.
TL;DR: The authors found that wheat, oats, barley, and rye contain between 0.18 and 0.26 percent of phytic acid phosphorus, and that considerable interaction between this enzyme and its substrate may accompany the preparation of wheat for the table.
Abstract: WHEAT, oats, barley and rye all contain between 0·18 and 0·26 per cent of phytic acid phosphorus. Wheatmeals and flours also contain an active phytase, and considerable interaction between this enzyme and its substrate may accompany the preparation of wheat for the table1,2.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the results of coal chemistry research are confused by the use in varying senses of descriptive terms, leading to a lack of true understanding of coal's composition and properties.
Abstract: DETAILED research into the composition of coal demonstrates its intricacy. There can be no true understanding of this complicated and important substance if the results of research are confused by the use in varying senses of descriptive terms.
TL;DR: Prof. Wood Jones has shown great skill in presenting the detail of human anatomy against a background of mammalian structure which enables one to separate most revealingly those human characteristics that can be regarded as primitive from those that are specialized.
Abstract: PROF. WOOD JONES is a distinguished member of a long line of British anatomists who, from the time of John Hunter, have refused to limit their activities to the dissecting room and to circumscribe their work within the confines dictated by the supposed immediate requirements of surgery. The line includes Owen, Turner, Humphry, Flower, Cunningham, Elliot Smith and, fortunately still with us, Sir Arthur Keith, and Profs. Arthur Robinson, T. H. Bryce and J. T. Wilson. All these professed human anatomy but all were also excellent comparative anatomists, neurologists or embryologists, and the influence of their wide interests on the advance of anatomical knowledge is not adequately realized. Prof. Wood Jones, in continuing this great tradition, has made significant contributions to mammalian comparative anatomy and, in his publications, he has shown great skill in presenting the detail of human anatomy against a background of mammalian structure which enables one to separate most revealingly those human characteristics that can be regarded as primitive from those that are specialized. Structure and Function as seen in the Foot By Prof. Frederic Wood Jones. Pp. iv + 329. (London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, 1944.) 25s.