Showing papers in "Naval Research Logistics Quarterly in 1955"
TL;DR: This paper has always been one of my favorite children, combining as it does elements of the duality of linear programming and combinatorial tools from graph theory, and it may be of some interest to tell the story of its origin this article.
Abstract: This paper has always been one of my favorite “children,” combining as it does elements of the duality of linear programming and combinatorial tools from graph theory. It may be of some interest to tell the story of its origin.
11,096 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents details of an algorithm which finds all solutions depending on the relative weight attached to the two functions systematically.
Abstract: If a linear programming problem involves two objective functions, it is desirable to learn all solutions depending on the relative weight attached to the two functions. This paper presents details of an algorithm which finds these solutions systematically.
452 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the construction of an example in which the usual iterative method for linear programming may fail unless special techniques for overcoming degeneracy are used, which is a special case of our problem.
Abstract: This note describes the construction of an example in which the usual iterative method for linear programming may fail unless special techniques for overcoming degeneracy are used.
113 citations
TL;DR: A simple computational method, based on the simplex algorithm of linear programming, is proposed for the following problem: connecting two given points by way of a number of intermediate points, where each link of the network has a number assigned to it representing its capacity.
Abstract: : A simple computational method, based on the simplex algorithm of linear programming, is proposed for the following problem: 'Consider a network (e.g., rail, road, communication network) connecting two given points by way of a number of intermediate points, where each link of the network has a number assigned to it representing its capacity. Assuming a steady state condition, find a maximal flow from one given point to the other.'
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structure and formulation of dynamic programing models are discussed and Bellman's "Principle of Optimality" is reexamined for deterministic models.
Abstract: This paper discusses the structure and formulation of dynamic programing models. R. Bellman's “Principle of Optimality” is reexamined for deterministic models. A formulation of the general stochastic dynamic programing model ie given and applied to an inventory model.
52 citations
TL;DR: It is appropriate to use a system consisting of placing orders as units are demanded, in the event that the expected savings in ordering cost that would result from buying in lots is less than the concomitant increase in carrying charges.
Abstract: The following note is concerned with establishing an inventory control policy for items with extremely low demand. In the event that the expected savings in ordering cost that would result from buying in lots is less than the concomitant increase in carrying charges, it is uneconomical to use a lot size formula. In this event, it is appropriate to use a system consisting of placing orders as units are demanded.
20 citations
TL;DR: As a preliminary step to the erection of a “theory” of logistics, the author proposes definitions of some important concepts and identifies several types of logistical situations and problems.
Abstract: As a preliminary step to the erection of a “theory” of logistics, the author proposes definitions of some important concepts and identifies several types of logistical situations and problems.
19 citations
TL;DR: An inventory control problem, in which inventory may be maintained on raw materials or on work after each stage of a three-stage process, is solved.
Abstract: An inventory control problem, in which inventory may be maintained on raw materials or on work after each stage of a three-stage process, is solved.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a formula for use in deciding whether to retain or sell to the highest bidder large stocks of items of material that appear to exceed demands in the immediate future.
Abstract: The author proposes a formula for use in deciding whether to retain or sell to the highest bidder large stocks of items of material that appear to exceed demands in the immediate future. Estimates of expected demand, storage cost, percentage return from disposal sales, probability of obsolescence and interest charges are the basic factors employed in the formula. Given these data for an item, and that certain assumptions used in the derivation of the formula are satisfied, one may determine the optimum level of stock to retain.
15 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of the two methods for issuing items from storage by the principle of “first in, first out” or “last in, last out" are given.
Abstract: Items may be issued from storage by the principle of “first in, first out” or “last in, first out.” This paper gives comparisons of the two methods by various criteria.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the problem of a marksman versus a mobile target, with a time lag in the gunner's information as to the target's position, and the desiderata were: How should the target best maneuver to confound prediction of his positions How and when should the marksman make this prediction? What hit probability is to be expected when both participants behave optimally?
Abstract: The general problem of a marksman versus a mobile target, with a time lag in the gunner's information as to the target's position, appears in many guises in many situations. It is a classic military problem. Formulated in terms of game theory, the desiderata are: How should the target best maneuver to confound prediction of his positions How and when should the marksman make this prediction? What hit probability is to be expected when both participants behave optimally?
This paper discusses this general class of problems and then settles on one which seems to be the simplest possible example that is not trivial. Nevertheless it is difficult. In two previous papers devoted to it, the evader's best strategy and value of the game were given. Here the emphasis is on the marksman. He has no optimal strategy, but does have an ideal strategy with the property that every near optimal strategy is close to it. He also has a class of passive e-strategies such that if and only if he obeys their dictates will he either come within e of the best hit probability or else always remain in a position where it is possible to do so.
TL;DR: The author describes the results of a study of the mathematical aspects of a proposed war game model that shows significant improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.
Abstract: The author describes the results of a study of the mathematical aspects of a proposed war game model.
TL;DR: A study of cargo handling methods required a re-evaluation of a standard work sampling technique and found that if there is evidence that the process lacks any prominent periodic component, then it is better to sample at fixed periods than at random.
Abstract: A study of cargo handling methods required a re-evaluation of a standard work sampling technique. The most interesting conclusion can be qualitatively summarized as follows: if there is evidence that the process lacks any prominent periodic component, then it is better to sample at fixed periods than at random.
TL;DR: The report of the panel on "Science and Logistics" of the Fifth Annual Logistics Research Conference is summarized by its chairman as mentioned in this paper, who is the first chairperson of this conference.
Abstract: The report of the panel on “Science and Logistics” of the Fifth Annual Logistics Research Conference is summarized by its chairman.
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical and statistical study of the supply operations at a typical Air Force base is made, and the authors determine the effect upon support cost of different logistics policies, involving changes in safety level and requisitioning frequency.
Abstract: : A mathematical and statistical study of the supply operations at a typical Air Force base is made. The objective of the study is to determine the effect upon support cost of different logistics policies, involving changes in safety level and requisitioning frequency. This effect is found to vary according to the price and demand rate of the item being considered, and the study indicates that large monetary savings can be realized by adopting different stocking and requisitioning policies dependent upon item demand and price. Thus, the study indicates that it is more economical to have items costing under $10 requisitioned from the depot every three or six months, rather than every month, even if obsolescence charges on base stocks are as high as 50 per cent per year. The study has also indicated that standby stockage of cheap (under $10), low demand items is desirable because the cost of such stockage tends to be less than the costs incurred by premium supply action when a demand for such an item arises. (Author)
TL;DR: Some aspects of the phenomena associated with decision making by an organization are discussed and their interplay is illustrated by a simple examde.
Abstract: Some aspects of the phenomena associated with decision making by an organization are discussed. Their interplay is illustrated by a simple examde.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the significance of the concepts of risk and hazard in areas of military decision, and discuss the importance of the concept of risk in decision-making.
Abstract: This paper discusses the significance of the concepts of risk and hazard in areas of military decision.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define and measure capacity, and analyze the utility of the capacity concept in economic models, and propose a model to quantify the capacity of an economic system.
Abstract: The author eurveya and interprets previoue attempts to define and measure capacity, and analyses the uee of the capacity concept in economic models.
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of finding an optimum spending rate in one of these situations is discussed, where the authors consider the case where money is spent too fast while stockpiling for a contingency, and there may be too little stockpile when the contingency comes.
Abstract: If money is spent too fast while stockpiling for a contingency, production may be highly inefficient. If it is spent too slowly, there may be too little stockpile when the contingency comes. The problem of finding an optimum spending rate in one of these situations is discussed.