Showing papers in "Neotropical Primates in 2008"

Habitat Characterization and Population Density of Brown Spider Monkeys (Ateles hybridus) in Magdalena Valley, Colombia

Abstract: The spider monkey Ateles hybridus, one of the most threatened primate species in the Neotropics is restricted to Colombia and Venezuela (Defler, 2004). There are two sub-species present in Colombia: A. hybridus hybridus and A. hybridus brunneus (Froehlich et al., 1991 in Defler, 2004). The geographical range of the species includes the northwest region of the country, along the Magdalena River from the southern region of La Guajira to the northeast of the department of Boyacá (Defler, 2004). Populations of Ateles hybridus still exist in several Colombian departments (Magdalena, Cesár, Norte de Santander, Arauca, Santander, Bolívar, Antioquia and Caldas). Due to its limited distribution range, high hunting pressure, low birth rates and the accelerated transformation of its habitat, the species is now considered Critically Endangered (CR A3cd) and faces the highest risk of extinction in Colombia (Pinzón, 1998; IUCN, 2008; Defler and Rodriguez, 2003). Few conservation actions have focused on A. hybridus subspecies. In the 1970’s, there was an initiative to create a protected area at the Serranía San Lucas, where A. hybridus brunneus occurs, but the plan has not been realized (Defler, 2004).

Macronutrient Patterns of 19 Species of Panamanian Fruits from Barro Colorado Island

Abstract: To attract seed dispersal agents, most Neotropical tree species produce edible fruits. Animals eat the fruits, often swallowing the seeds, which may be deposited away from the parent tree. Data show that not all frugivores in a given habitat are equally attracted to the same fruit species. Though numerous factors can influence fruit choice, the nutrient value of the pulp to the disperser is clearly of key importance. Here data are presented on the macronutrient content (total crude protein, fat and nonstructural carbohydrate) of 19 fruit species collected from a single forest site, Barro Colorado Island in central Panama. The only criterion for analyses was that each species produce fruits consumed by at least two primate species at this site. Though all fruit species contained a measurable amount of each macronutrient class, there were often striking differences in the amount contributed per class. Overall, two species (10.5% of the total sample) were highest in protein, five (26%) were highest ...

Oreonax- Not a Genus

Abstract: We summarize our re-examination and extension of the Groves (2001) parsimony analysis of Woolly monkeys, genus Lagothrix, which led him to conclude that the species flavicauda is not most closely related to lagotricha but to Ateles, the Spider monkeys. As a consequence, Groves further proposed that the Yellow-tailed woolly monkey should be assigned to a separate genus, Oreonax, previously erected by Oldfield Thomas (1927). Our analysis, while closely following his methods, samples a greater diversity of species and sub-species representing all the living ateline genera and makes minor revisions in Groves' data matrix of craniodental characteristics. With this broader analysis we show that Groves' cladistic results cannot be replicated except by duplicating his study using only a restricted range of taxa. A more wide ranging taxonomic sampling fails to link consistently flavicauda and other ateline species, in any particular cladogram topology, while the overall craniodental morphology of flavicau...

Observation of Black-Capped Capuchins (Cebus apella) Feeding on an Owl Monkey (Aotus brumbacki) in the Colombian Llanos

Abstract: ogy, A.B. Rylands (ed.), pp. 263–271. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sick, H. 1997. Famílias e espécies: ordem Columbiformes. In: Ornitologia Brasileira, J. F. Pacheco (ed.), pp. 341– 350. Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro. Stevenson, M. F. and Rylands, A.B. 1988. The marmosets, genus Callithrix. In: Ecology and behavior of Neotropical primates, Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Coimbra-Filho, A. and Fonseca, G.A.B. (eds.), pp.131–222. WWF, Washington. Vilela, S. L. and Faria, D. S. 2004. Seasonality of the activity pattern of Callithrix penicillata (Primates, Callitrichidae) in the cerrado (scrub savanna vegetation). Braz. J. Biol. 64: 363–370.

Altitudinal Range Extension for Cebus albifrons (Primates: Cebidae) in Southern Ecuador

Abstract: Capuchins in the genus Cebus (Cebidae) are mediumsized, gregarious, and generally arboreal monkeys found in Central and South America (Emmons and Feer, 1997; Eisenberg and Redford, 1999). Like other Cebus, the white-fronted capuchin (Cebus albifrons Humboldt, 1812) is omnivorous, consuming seeds, fruit, invertebrates, and vertebrates (Defler, 1979a; Eisenberg and Redford, 1999; Tirira, 2007). Cebus albifrons can occupy a home range as large as 120 ha and the species is known to wander to varied habitat types in search of widely separated food resources (Defler, 1979a; Terborgh, 1983; Haugaasen and Peres, 2005).

Ecología de Ateles Chamek Humboldt en Un Bosque Húmedo Montano de Los Yungas Bolivianos

Abstract: From January 2000 to March 2001 we evaluated aspects of temporal variation of activities, diet, and group size of an Ateles chamek population in an area of humid mountain forest (Estacion Biologica Tunquini - EBT) in the Bolivian Yungas. We also evaluated (from April 2000) the availability of fruit species consumed by these primates. We found negative correlations between the proportion of time dedicated to resting and traveling, as well as between feeding and traveling, but no correlations were found between other combinations. The diet of these primates was highly frugivorous with a low consumption of leaves and others items. The species most consumed were Protium montanum, Casearia mariquitensis, Podocarpus sp., Anomospermum sp., various species of the genus Ficus, an undetermined species (known by the common name “canelon”), and various species of the family Lauraceae. The monthly median of the number of individuals per group did not present an evident peak, but did present a tendency towards...

Seed Predation of Mabea Fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) by Northern Muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus)

Abstract: Seeds are staple foods in the diets of primates with morphological and behavioral specializations for seed predation, but are considered a less important resource for most other primates. Here we report the first observation of seed predation by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Twenty-four Mabea fistulifera (Euphorbiaceae) seed eating events were observed during a systematic study of two groups of northern muriquis in an Atlantic forest fragment in southeastern Brazil in July 2003, accounting for 2.9% of 836 feeding records during this month. Only unripe seeds were consumed in all records. The absence of Mabea fistulifera seeds in any of the 102 fecal samples examined suggests that the seeds were predated. Analyses of 47 fruits of Mabea fistulifera collected in different stages of ripeness in June 2004 indicated that fruits at earlier stages of ripeness were significantly softer than ones of later stages, implying that fruit hardness made their seeds unprofitable to these non-speciali...

New Occurrence Records for Mico melanurus (Primates, Callitrichidae)

Abstract: According to Hershkovitz (1977), Mico humeralifer is expected to occur in the Sucundurí-Tapajós-Juruena inter-fluve. Rylands (1994) suggested that this species' range could extend as far south as 8º S. This study however, does not support these expectations. It is possible that Mico mauesi's range extends between the Rios Sucundurí and Juruena, reaching as far south as the transition between dense tropical forest, open tropical forest and savanna (BRASIL, 1975) at around 7°40´S, or even as far as the Serra do Sucundurí at 8°10´S. These predictions coincide with the southern limit for M. humeralifer proposed by Rylands (1994). According to Rylands (1981), south of this latitude the species M. melanurus should occur between the Rios Aripuanã and Juruena. This hypothesis is partially supported by the occurrence of M. melanurus in the Serra do Sucundurí (08°34'S, 59°08'W) and on the right bank of the Rio Bararati (08°21'S, 58°37'W). Mico melanurus was the only member of the genus occurring at these localities (M. A. Noronha, unpubl. data). Our results show that the geographic distribution of M. mauesi is large relative to that of other species of the genus in the Madeira-Tapajós interfluve. We did not find any area of contact between M. mauesi and any other species of Mico, suggesting that the species is parapatric with respect to its congeneric neighbors M. humeralifer, M. melanurus, M. acariensis and M. saterei. This study quadrupled the number of recorded localities for M. mauesi, and revealed a range over twice that proposed by Mittermeier et al. (1992). The improved knowledge of this taxon's geographic distribution also provides information about its occurrence within protected areas. The maués marmoset is probably present in the Floresta Nacio-nal do Pau Rosa (994,800 ha), Parque Nacional do Juru-ena (2,002,565 ha) and the Floresta Nacional de Maués (438,440 ha), and if we assume that the southern limit of its range is close to the Serra do Sucundurí, it also occurs in the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Bararatilitrichines: The role competition in cooperatively breeding species. In: Primates in perspectives, C. The black-tailed marmoset (Mico melanurus) was first described by É. Geoffroy in Humboldt, 1812. He provided a brief description of the species but only noted Brazil as the type locality. 27 eared marmosets Mico saterei and M. acariensis. Diagnostic characters include pigmented ears and ear-surfaces, an absence of ear tufts, white or yellowish-white spots on the upper thighs, and a completely black …

New Occurrence Records of Maués Marmoset, Mico mauesi (Primates, Callitrichidae)

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