Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Aging in 2002"

TL;DR: Novel therapeutics based on blocking neuron damaging neuroinflammatory processes show great promise for abating dementia progression although they have yet to make it to clinical practice and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs show significant promise.

TL;DR: Vaillancourt and Newell as mentioned in this paper used fractal analysis and non-linear dynamics to study the effects of aging and disease on the behavior of a living organism, and found that nonlinear coupling may lead to an extraordinary range of dynamics, including different classes of abrupt changes, (such as bifurcations), deterministic chaos, nonlinear phase transitions, pacemakerentrainment and resetting, stochastic resonance, wave phe-nomena (including spiral waves, solitons, and scroll waves), and certain types of fractal

TL;DR: Resilience is an example of successful allostasis in which wear and tear is minimized, and estrogens exemplify the type of agent that works against the allostatic load associated with aging.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the notion of a coupling of the oxidative environment in AD brain and increased risk of developing this disorder and strongly support a causative role of Abeta(1-42)-induced oxidative stress in AD neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: Preliminary measures of brain function hold promise of increased interaction between human and animal researchers and a better understanding of the substrates of experience effects on behavioral performance in aging.

TL;DR: It is postulated that the observed increase or decrease in complexity with aging and disease is dependent on the nature of both the intrinsic dynamics of the system and the short-term change required to realize a local task demand.

TL;DR: Quantitative diffusion tensor analysis correlate with normal aging and may help in assessing normal age-related changes and serve as a standard for comparison with neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: A central focus of this review is that a specific ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA can restore many of these age-related effects, including long-term potentiation, that are lost during aging.

TL;DR: This review addresses recent findings on the biological effects of flavonoids and nitric oxide in neurodegeneration and aims to elucidate the rationale for their prospective use as modulators of cellular signal transduction.

TL;DR: The biochemical mechanisms by which nutritional antioxidants can reduce or block neuronal death occurring in neurodegenerative disorders are reviewed and particular emphasis will be given to the role played by the nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF- kappaB) in apoptosis, and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenersative disorders, such as AD, PD, and ALS.

TL;DR: COX but not F(1)F(0)-ATPase is a mitochondrial target in AD, in both a brain association area and in platelets, which demonstrates that a reduced COX activity may make the tissue vulnerable to excitotoxicity or reduced oxygen availability.

TL;DR: The study demonstrates an intrathecal production of VEGF, a cytokine which plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis, which suggests that vascular factors might not only play a role in the pathogenesis of VAD but also in the Pathogenesis of AD.

TL;DR: Metal-binding compounds are developed that inhibit the in vitro generation of hydrogen peroxide by Abeta, as well as reverse the aggregation of the peptide in vitro and from human brain post-mortem specimens.

TL;DR: Because this form of cerebrovascular disease is potentially preventable, interventions that address risk factors for the development of cerebral microangiopathy may go a long way in preventing disability for the next generation of elderly persons.

TL;DR: It is found that EGb 761, possibly through the antioxidant properties of its flavonoids, was able to protect hippocampal cells against toxic effects induced by Abeta peptides, and the hypothesis that dietary intake of natural substances may be beneficial in normal aging of the brain is supported.

TL;DR: A large overlap in mean concentrations has been observed in studies comparing AD patients with healthy controls for single markers, which support the theory of testing several serum markers in combination for the diagnosis of AD.

TL;DR: There is a relationship between increased homocysteine concentrations and increased HNE concentrations in Alzheimer's disease that is demonstrated to be statistically significant and positive.

TL;DR: The canine represent a higher animal model to study the earliest declines in the cognitive continuum that includes age associated memory impairments (AAMI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) observed in human aging, suggesting that oxidative damage impairs cognitive function and that antioxidant treatment can result in significant improvements.

TL;DR: Results indicate that maintenance on foods fortified with complex mixtures of antioxidants can partially counteract the deleterious effects of aging on cognition, and this age-associated decline was reduced in the animals fed the enriched food.

TL;DR: It is proposed that age changes in the asymmetric distribution of cholesterol in contrast to total or bulk cholesterol in neuronal plasma membranes provides a cooperative environment for accumulation of Abeta in plasma membranes and the accumulation ofAbeta is due in part to a direct physico-chemical interaction with cholesterol in the membrane exofacial or outer leaflet.

TL;DR: It is concluded that therapeutic treatments aimed at reducing the availability of Abeta may hasten the disease process and associated cognitive decline in AD and that a 'bioflocculant hypothesis', which posits that Abeta is normally produced to bind neurotoxic solutes, may be an efficient means of presenting toxins to phagocytes.

TL;DR: Greater NO production in APOE4 carriers where characteristically high levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress are found in diseases such as AD provides a mechanism that potentially explains the genetic association between APoe4 and human diseases.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that estradiol is able to enhance some aspects of spatial working memory in aged monkeys despite many years of estrogenic deprivation, and suggest that raloxifene does not affect cognitive function after long-term ovarian hormone deprivation.

TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that aging of the rodent cerebral cortex may follow a sexually dimorphic pattern.

TL;DR: The results on the role of protein misfolding in AD and PD and the influence of mutations associated with these diseases on the expression of amyloidogenic proteins are reviewed.

TL;DR: The data indicate that rats show independent decline of different brain systems during normal aging and suggest orbitofrontal cortex as one prefrontal area where changes may be localized for further study.

TL;DR: The distribution and severity of PD-related inclusion body pathology was investigated in the thalamus of 12 autopsy cases with clinically diagnosed and neuropathologically confirmed PD by immunoreactions against the protein alpha-synuclein.

TL;DR: The APP(NLh/NLh)/PS-1(P264 L/P264L) double gene-targeted mouse represents an animal model that exhibits Abeta deposition without overexpression of APP.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the neuroprotective effects of CR outweigh the deleterious effects of glucocorticoids and that CR attenuates many brain aging changes and increases resistance of neurons to toxins and injury.